摘要：倒装是一种语法手段.用于表示一定的句子结构或强调某一句子成分.倒装句有两种:完全倒装和部分倒装. 1. 完全倒装: 即把整个谓语放到主语之前(是整个谓语动词.而非助动词). E.g. In came the teacher and the class began. (老师走了进来.然后开始上课.) 1) there引出的完全倒装句:除了最常见的there be句型以外.there还可以接appear, exist, lie, remain, seem to be, stand等.一般都译成“有 的含义.构成完全倒装句. E.g. There appeared to be a man in black in the distance.(远处有个穿黑色衣服的人.) 2) 由地点和时间副词引出的完全倒装句:以地点副词here, there和时间副词now, then 开头.后面的动词是be, come, exist, fall, follow, go, lie, remain, seem, stand等.而主语又是名词时.构成完全倒装句. E.g. Under that tree sits a beautiful girl.(那棵树下坐着一位美丽的姑娘.) Ex. from the tenth floor when the policeman pointed his pistol at him. A. Jumped down the burglar B. Down the burglar jumped C. The burglar jumps down D. Down jumped the burglar The key: D 注意: 1) 在here, there引出的倒装句中.当主语是普通名词时用完全倒装句.但当主语是代词时.就要用部分倒装句. E.g. Here comes the postman!(邮递员终于来了!注意实意谓语动词位于主语之前.) Here we are.(我们到了.注意系动词位于主语代词之后.) 2) 注意正语序和倒装语序的语气.意义是区别: Eg. Here is the picture I love. The picture I love is here. 2. 部分倒装: 即只把谓语的一部分放到主语前.或把句子的强调成分提前. 1). 在以so, nor, neither 开头的句子里 neither /nor/ so + be/ have, 助动词或情态动词+主语表与前面内容也适用于另一个人或物时要部分倒装. Ex: (1). He likes dancing. . A. So his sister does. B. So does his sister. The key: B (2). You forgot your purse when you went out. Good heavens, . A. so did I B. so I did C. I did so D. I so did The key: B 表示对上述情况的认同.确实如此.不用倒装 2). 在下列否定或半否定词放句首表示强调时.如: (1). never 从不 Never before have I met him. = I have never met him before. (2). hardly, scarcely, barely刚刚.几乎不 Hardly did I think it possible. = I hardly think it possible. (3). seldom, rarely很少 Seldom did the boy read newspaper. = The boy seldom read newspaper. (4). little, few 少 Little do I dream of seeing such wonderful scenery. = I dream little of seeing such wonderful scenery. (5). nowhere无处,任何地方都不. not until 直到--才 (6). by no means, at no time, under no circumstance, on no account 决不 (7). neither-nor-- 两者都不 (8). not only-- 不仅-而且 (9). Hardly\scarcely-, no sooner-. 刚--就-- No sooner had they entered the house than it began to rain. =They had no sooner entered the house than it began to rain. 3). Only + 副词.介词短语或从句作状语放句首 Only then did I realize she is my real friend. 4) 有些介词短语如at no time, in no case, by no means, many a time, only in this way放在句首时要倒装. Ex. Many a time swimming alone. A. the boy went B. went the boy C. did the boy go D. did go the boy The key: C 注意: 对于2).3).4)点: a) 如果含有从句时.只要求主句倒装: E.g. Only after he had spoken out the word did he realize he had made a big mistake. (只有当他已经说出那个字后才意识到自己犯了个大错误.) b) 如果上述否定副词出现在强调句型中的前半部分.不用倒装: E.g. It was not until he went abroad that he know the truth of the fact. (直到他出国以后才了解到事实真相.) c) 如果hardly, scarcely后面接的是any, ever, at all时.意义类似almost no/ not/ never.则无须倒装. E.g. Hardly any people having been invited went there. (几乎没有什么受到邀请的人去那里了.) 5). 由so...that...引导的表示程度的状语从句.如将so引导的副词或形容词放于句首表示强调. So fast does light travel that it is difficult for us to imagine its speed. 6). 在不带if的虚拟条件从句中, if 省略时.had, were, should 要与主语倒装. Should he be interested in this subject, he might work hard at it. = If he should be interested in this subject, he might work hard at it. 如果他对这科目感兴趣.他就一定会用功. 实际上. 他对这科目没兴趣.他也没有用功 3. 其他倒装 1). 在"such+be+主语"的结构中. Such was the story he told me. =The story he told me was such. Such was what Peter spoke at the meeting. =What Peter spoke at the meeting was such.. 2). 由as/though引导的让步状语从句中.其基本句式为:"形容词/副词/名词+as+主语+谓语"或"动词原形+as+主语+情态动词/助动词". Child as he is, he knows a lot of English. =As/Though he is a child - Old as they were, they stuck to working. =As/Though they were old - Hard as he tried, he couldn't lift the stone. =As/Though he tried hard - Try as I might, I couldn't lift the stone. =As/Though I might try -

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