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“Most experiences of absent-mindedness ,forgetting where you left something or wondering why you just entered a room , are caused by a simple lack of attention, ” says Schacter. “You’re supposed to remember something, but you haven’t encoded（编码） it deeply.”
Encoding, Schacter explains, is a special way of paying attention to an event that has a major impression on recalling it later. Failure to encode properly can create troublesome situations. If you put your mobile phone in a pocket, for example, and don’t pay attention to what you did because you’re involved in a conversation, you’ll probably forget that the phone is in the jacket now hanging in your cupboard. “Your memory itself isn’t failing you, ” says Schacter, “Rather, you didn’t give your memory system the information it needed.” http://wx.jtyjy.com/
Lack of interest can also lead to absent -mindedness. “A man who can recite sports statistics from 30 years ago, ” says Zelinski, “ may not remember to drop a letter in the mailbox.”Women have slightly better memories than men, possibly because they pay more attention to their environment, and memory depends on just that.
“Visual cues（ 视觉提示 ）can help prevent absent--mindedness, ”says Schacter, “But be sure the cue is clear and available. ”If you want to remember to take a medicine with lunch, put the pill bottle on the kitchen table—don’t leave it in the medicine box and write yourself a note that you keep in a pocket.
Another common experience of absent - mindedness: walking into a room and wondering why you’re there. Most likely, you were thinking about something else. “Everyone does this from time to time, ”says Zelinski. “The best thing to do is to return to where you were before entering the room, and you’ll likely remember.”
1.The writer of the passage thinks that encoding properly is very important because ________.
A. it enables us to recall something from our memory
B. it slows down the process of losing our memory
C. it helps us understand our memory system better
D. it helps us to get back to where we were
2.One possible reason why women have a little better memories than men is that________.
A. they rely more on the environment
B. they have a wider range of interests
C. they have an unusual power of focusing their attention
D. they are more interested in what’s happening around them
3.Why can a note in the pocket hardly serve as a reminder? ________.
A. It will easily get lost
B. It is out of your sight
C. It’s not clear enough for you to read
D. It might get mixed up with other things
4.From the last paragraph we can learn that________.
A. repetition might help improve our memory
B. memory depends to a certain extent on the environment
C. we’d better return to where we were if we forget things
D. we should think about something else while doing one thing
5.The passage is mainly about ________.
A. the memory system of persons
B. a way of encoding and recalling
C. the causes of absent-mindedness
D. the impression of the environment on memory
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阅读下列短文，从每题所给的四个选项(A、B、C和D)中，选出最佳选项。
“Most episodes (片段) of absent - mindedness
forgetting where you left something or wondering why you just entered a roomare caused by a simple lack of attention,” says Schacter. “You're supposed to remember something, but you haven't encoded it deeply.”
“Encoding”, Schacter explains, “is a special way of paying attention to an event that has a major effect on remembering it later. Failure to encode properly can create annoying situations. If you put your mobile phone in a pocket, for example, and don't pay attention to what you did because you're involved in a conversation, you'll probably forget that the phone is in the jacket now hanging in your wardrobe (衣柜).” “Your memory itself isn't failing you,” says Schacter. “Rather, you didn't give your memory system the information it needed.”
Lack of interest can also lead to absent - mindedness. “A man who can recite sports statistics (数据) from 30 years ago,” says Zelinski, “may not remember to drop a letter in the mailbox.” Women have slightly better memories than men, possibly because they pay more attention to their environment. And memory depends on just that.
“Reminders can help prevent absent - mindedness,” says Schacter. “But be sure the reminder is clear and available,” he says. If you want to remember to take medicine with lunch, put it on the kitchen table
don't leave it in the medicine chest and write yourself a note that you keep in a pocket.
Another common episode of absent - mindedness: walking into a room and wondering why you're there. Most likely, you were thinking about something else. “Everyone does this from time to time,” says Zelinski. The best thing to do is to return to where you were before entering the room, and you'll likely remember.
1．Why does the writer think that encoding is important?
[ ]
A．It helps us understand our memory system better.
B．It enables us to remember something from our memory.
C．It expands our memory ability greatly.
D．It slows down the process of losing our memory.
2．Why do women have better memories than men?
[ ]
A．They have a wider variety of interests.
B．They are more dependent on the environment.
C．They pay more attention to things they like.
D．They are more interested in what's happening around them.
3．Why can a note in the pocket hardly serve as a reminder?
[ ]
A．Because it will easily get lost.
B．Because it's not clear enough for you to read.
C．Because it's out of your sight.
D．Because it might get mixed up with other things.
4．What do we learn from the last paragraph?
[ ]
A．If we pay more attention to one thing, we might forget another.
B．Memory depends to a certain extent on the environment.
C．Doing something again helps improve our memory.
D．If we keep forgetting things, we'd better rerurn to where we were.
5．What is the passage mainly about?
[ ]
A．The process of gradual memory loss.
B．The causes of absent - mindedness.
C．The influence of the environment on memory.
D．A way of encoding and remembering.
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阅读下面短文，从每题所给的A、B、C、D四个选项中，选出最佳选项。
If someone tells you he fought in the Swiss Navy(海军) and speaks Swiss, don't believe a word he says. Switzerland is a landlocked nation. It hasn't gone to war in over a century. And there's no such a thing as the Swiss language.
Switzerland is located among the highest mountains of Western Europe. The Aar River flows in the north and the Rhine River cuts through the south. Many beautiful lakes serve as tourist attractions.
More than 6, 300, 000 people live in Switzerland. The national languages are German, French and Italian. About 70% of the people speak German. Nearly everyone speaks at least two of the national languages．About 49% of the country is Roman Catholic(天主教), and 48% is Protestant(新教徒).
Zurich is the largest city, with over 375, 000 people. The capital, Bern, is the capital with about 145, 000 people. The city of Geneva is famous. The Red Cross was founded there, and the League of Nations started in Geneva after World War I.
The Swiss have a 99% literacy rate. This means that 99% of the people can read and write. Many children from other nations enroll in Swiss schools. The Swiss have a high standard of living. Foreign residents, who represent 20% of all workers, are willing to take the lower-paying jobs that the Swiss do not apply for.
The nation is a federation(联邦政府) of 23 states, which have a history of independence. Since 1848 they have joined to form a common government. But they still keep their independent character.
1．“A landlocked nation” in Paragraph 1 refers to a country ________.
[ ]
A．with a lot of rocks in its land
B．with good sea ports
C．with only a small navy
D．surrounded by land
2．Which of the following is true of the passage?
[ ]
A．Less than 30% of the Swiss can speak French.
B．Less than 20% of the Swiss can speak Italian.
C．Most Swiss speak two languages or more.
D．Most Swiss speak only German.
3．Why do foreign residents prefer to work in Switzerland?
[ ]
A．Because they live there anyway.
B．Because they do not mind the low pay.
C．Because the country is famous for its beautiful scenery.
D．Because the country is rich.
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