Language learning begins with listening. Children are greatly different in the amount of listening they do before they start speaking, and later starters are often long listeners. Most children will “obey” spoken instructions some time before they can speak, though the word“obey”is hardly exact as a description of the eager and delighted co- operation（合作） usually shown by the child. Before they can speak, many children will also ask questions by gestures and by making questioning noises.

　　Any attempt to study the development from the noises babies make to their first spoken words leads to considerable difficulties. It’s agreed that they enjoy making noises, and that during the first few months one or two noises sort themselves out as particular expression like delight, pain, friendliness and so on. But since these can’t be said to show the baby’s intention to communicate, they can hardly be regarded as early forms of language. It is agreed too, that from about three months they play with sounds for enjoyment, and that by six months they are able to add new words to their store. This self - imitation（自我模仿）leads out to deliberate（有意的）imitation of sounds made or words spoken to them by other people. The problem then arises to the point at which one can say that these imitations can be considered as speech.

　　It is a problem we need to get our teeth into. The meaning of a word depends on what a particular person means by it in a particular situation and it is clear that what a child means by a word will. change as he gains more experience of the world. Thus the use, at seven months, of“ mama” as a greeting for his mother cannot be dismissed as a meaningless sound simply because he also uses it at another time for his father, his dog, or anything else he likes. Playful and meaningless imitation of what other people say continues after the child has begun to speak for himself. I doubt, however , whether anything is gained when parents take advantage of his ability in an attempt to teach new words.

　Children who start speaking late ________

　　A. may have problems with their listening

　　B. probably do not hear enough language spoken around them

　　C. usually pay close attention to what they hear

　　D. often take a long time in learning to listen properly

　　A baby’s first noises are ________ .

　　A. an expression of his moods and feelings

　　B. an early form of language

　　C. an imitation of the speech of adults

　　D. a sign that he means to tell you something

　　The problem of deciding at what point a baby’s imitation can be considered as speech ________ .

　　A. is important because words have different meanings for different people

　　B. is not especially important because the change takes place gradually

　　C. is one that should be ignored（忽略）because children’s use of words is often meaningless

　　D. is one that can never be properly understood because the meaning of words changes with age

　　The speaker implies that ________ .

　　A. even after they have learnt to speak, children still enjoy imitation

　　B. children who are good at imitating learn new words more quickly

　　C. children no longer imitate people after they begin to speak

　　D. patents can never hope to teach their children new sounds

A loving person lives in a loving world. A hostile(敌意的)person lives in a hostile world. Everyone you meet is your mirror.

Mirrors have a very particular　 __36__. They reflect the image in front of them. Just as a　 __37__　 mirror works as the vehicle to reflection, __38__　 do all of the people in our lives.

When we see something beautiful such as a flower garden, that garden　 __39__　 a reflection. When we love someone，it's a(n)　 __40__　 of loving ourselves. We have often heard things like “I love how I am when I'm with that person”. That simply　 __41__　 into “I'm able to love me when I love that other person”.　 __42__， when we meet someone new, we feel as though we “click”. Sometimes it's as if we've　 __43__　 each other for a long time. That feeling can come from　 __44__　 similarities.

Just as the “mirror” or other people can be a positive reflection，it is more likely that we'll　 __45__ it when it has a negative connotation(内涵).　 __46__，it's easy to remember the times when we have met someone we're not particularly　 __47__　 about. We may have some criticism(批评)in our mind about the　 __48__. This is especially true when we get to know someone with whom we would rather spend　 __49__　 time.

Often, when we　 __50__　 qualities in other people, ironically(讽刺地), it's usually the mirror that's　 __51__　 to us.

At times we meet someone　 __52__　 and feel distant disconnected, or disgusted.　 __53__　 we don't want to believe it，and it's not easy or　 __54__　 to look further，it can be a great learning lesson to　 __55__　 what part of the person is being reflected in you. It's simply just another way to create more self?awareness.

36．A.target　 　 　　 B．style　　　C．function　　 D．color

37．A.medical 　 B．physical C．chemical 　　 D．mental

38．A.so 　 B．then 　C．nor 　　　 D．neither

39．A.focuses on 　　 B．applies to C．works with 　 D．serves as

40．A.reward 　 B．evaluation C．reflection 　　 D．example

41．A.grows　 　 B．translates C．enters 　 D．falls

42．A.Obviously 　　　 B．Strangely C．Fortunately 　 D．Frequently

43．A.known　 　 B．supported C．observed 　　 D．recognized

44．A.creating 　 B．lacking C．sharing D．comparing

45．A.ignore　 　 B．keep C．take 　　 D．notice

46．A.In brief 　 B．In addition C．For example D．As usual

47．A.crazy　 　　 B．anxious C．upset　 　 D．concerned

48．A.time B．mirror C．garden D．person

49．A.less B．amazingC．more 　　 D．valuable

50．A.appreciate 　　　 B．dislike C．describe 　　　 D．discover

51．A.shouting B．shining C．speaking D．pointing

52．A.new　 　　 B．nervous C．familiar D．friendly

53．A.If　 　 B．Although C．Since 　 D．Once

54．A.terrible 　　 B．noble C．reliable D．desirable

55．A.figure out　 　　 B．take out C．put out D．give out

阅读理解

　　The kids at Shute Country Primary School in Devon are surprisingly quiet when it's time to go home in the afternoon. Instead of the usual shouting and running you can hear them asking each other,“Are the lights all off?”“Shall we check the taps in case they are dripping?”“How many paper towels did we use today?”

　　But it's not unusual here. The kids have declared a war on waste.

　　“We've never made the children do anything.”explained Liz Templar, the school's head teacher.“They came up with all the ideas themselves. They're doing this because they want to.”

　　If you take a look around the school you won't see anything thrown away unnecessarily. Everything is collected and reused, or sent to be recycled.

　　Shute School started its green revolution two years ago. They looked carefully at every part of school life--from the teaching to the cleaning. They looked at the stationery(文具) that was used--especially photocopying, the way cleaning was carried out, and how food was used--and wasted!

　　Even parents were looked at: how many children came in each car? Did they use unleaded petrol? Could they bring more children in fewer cars?

　　High on the list was the waste of paper. Next came unfriendly cleaning products. Paper towels were replaced with recycled paper, but the hardest thing for the kids was when they found out how much rubbish was created by the chocolate, crisps and other snacks(小吃) eaten at lunch time. Of their own accord(自愿地), the children gave them up. Now they bring apples and home-made snacks.

　　The school has its own garden where they grow vegetables and flowers so that they can learn about the environment. They also use this area for their recycling store--large containers to collect aluminium, bottles, paper and fabric(织物).

　　Even the school's play area is made from recycled things.

　　Since the children started, the school's heating and lighting bills have fallen obviously and the number of rubbish bags has gone down from seven a week to two or three.

　　Everywhere in Shute School there are bright posters asking everyone to take their rubbish home, to save energy and paper and to keep the green flag flying.

1．Which of the following is the major information we get from the passage?

[　　]

A．The pupils at Shute School are fighting against air pollution.

B．The pupils at Shute School are learning to save things.

C．The pupils at Shute School have declared a war on waste.

D．The pupils at Shute School have found a way to recycle waste things.

2．Children at Shute Country Primary School bring apples and home-made snacks to school in order to _____.

A．create less rubbish

B．save money

C．obey the school's rules

D．keep their promise

3．We can infer from the text that“green revolution” means _____.

[　　]

A．beautifying schoolyard

B．activity against waste

C．planting green plants

D．throwing away waste

4．What do the children think creates the most waste?

[　　]

A．Paper towels.

B．Cleaning products.

C．Snacks.

D．Paper.

5．We learn from the text that the children's behavior _____.

[　　]

A．has brought arguments

B．has saved the school's cost

C．worried their parents

D．was forced by their head teacher

Our son doesn’t know what to ______ at the university；he can’t make up his mind about his future.

A．take in            　B．take up          C．take over              D．take after

　Having one of those days or weeks — when everything seems to annoy you? Even if you do nothing about it, your bad mood will probably go away after some time. But with a little effort, you can forget it much faster — often within a day or two.

　　Walk it off

　　Exercise is the most popular bad-mood buster. A person who’s in a bad mood has low energy and high tension. Taking a fast ten-minute walk, or doing some quick exercises can do wonders towards changing that bad mood.

　　Tune it out

　　Listening to your favorite music for a while can also make tension go away quickly, because music starts associations with past positive experiences we’ve had.

　　Give yourself a pep talk

　　Stop and listen to what’s on your mind. Bad moods are often started by too many negative thoughts. Write them all down on paper; the pessimistic (悲观的) messages you’ve been giving yourself and then give optimistic answers. ("I still don’t have a job. "vs" I have two interviews next week.")

　　Reduce your stress

　　Relaxation techniques are wonderful mood-lifters. These include deep breathing, stretching and visualizing (想象), all of which sound complicated but aren’t. One easy way to visualize: close your eyes and picture a favorite place, such as the beach. Another simple way to against distress is to make a to-do list. One reason for being in a bad mood is feeling you have no options(选择权) By taking control over certain areas, you realize you’re not helpless. You can make changes in your mood and life.

　　Avoid things that won’t improve your mood

　　TV may not help much: You need to increase your energy level and stimulate your mind something — that the TV show "Neighbors" won’t do. And before you reach for that piece of cake and coffee, think about how mood and food are linked. Sugar and caffeine contribute to depressed moods. The better choice? Research shows that carbohydrates, such as potatoes and pasta, produce a calming effect in people who have a desire for them.

　　We learn from the text that it might help rid us of a bad mood ________.

　　A. to do nothing about it

　　B. to take a long walk on the beach

　　C. to do some exercises with light music

　　D. to talk it to neighbours

　 Why is it suggested that you close your eyes and picture the beach?

　　A. It is not complicated to do so.

　　B. It is an area to be easily controlled.

　　C. It helps beat a bad mood.

　　D. It brings us a new technique.

　　 TV may not improve your mood because ________.

　　A. it sometimes shows what happens around you

　　B. it keeps you stay unmoved

　　C. it reminds you of eating and drinking

　　D. it produces a calming effect

　　This text most probably appears in ________.

　　A. a book on physical exercises            B. a doctor’s handbook

C. a notice                                          D. a magazine