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Last year, CCTV journalists approached pedestrians with their cameras, held a microphone to their mouth and asked a simple question, “Are you happy?”
The question has caught many interviewees off guard. Even Mo Yan, who just won a Nobel Prize, responded by saying, “I don’t know”.
While the question has become a buzz phrase and the Internet plays host to heated discussions, we ask: What exactly is happiness? And how do you measure it?
In the 1776 US Declaration of Independence, Thomas Jefferson set in writing the people’s unalienable right to “Life, Liberty and the Pursuit of Happiness”. 235 years on, Wen Jiabao told the nation, “Everything we do is aimed at letting people live more happily.” At National People’s Congress, officials agreed that increasing happiness would be a top target for the 12th five-year plan.
US psychologist Ed Diener, author of Happiness: Unlocking the Mysteries of Psychological Wealth, describes happiness as “ a combination of life satisfaction and having more positive than negative emotions”, according to US broadcasting network PBS. This may sound straightforward enough, but it still doesn’t explain what determines people’s happiness.
Many argue that happiness is elusive and that there is no single source. It also means different things to different people. For some, happiness can be as simple as having enough cash.
Researchers believe happiness can be separated into two types: daily experiences of hedonic (享乐的) well-being; and evaluative well-being, the way people think about their lives as a whole. The former refers to the quality of living, whereas the latter is about overall happiness, including life goals and achievements. Happiness can cross both dimensions.
Li Jun, a psychologist and mental therapy practitioner at a Beijing clinic, says, “Happiness can mean both the most basic human satisfaction or the highest level of spiritual pursuit. It’s a simple yet profound topic.”
Chen Shangyuan, 21, a junior English major at Nanjing University of Aeronautics and Astronautics, said his idea of happiness always evolves. “At present it relates to how productive I am in a day,” he said. “It might be linked to job security or leisure time after I graduate.”
Then there is the question of measuring happiness. Does it depend on how many friends we have, or whether we own the latest smart phone? Is it even quantifiable?
Economists are trying to measure happiness in people’s lives. Since 1972, Bhutan’s GDP measurement has been replaced by a Gross National Happiness index. It is calculated according to the peoples’ sense of being well-governed, their relationship with the environment, their satisfaction with economic development, and their sense of national belonging.
In 2009, US economist Joseph Stiglitz proposed “to shift emphasis from measuring economic production to measuring people’s well-being”. But is well-being more easily measured?
1. In the second paragraph, the writer gave an example to ________.
A. support his idea that being famous is the reason to be happy
B. introduce his topic to be discussed
C. tell people winning a Nobel Prize is a great honor
D. show that the question was quite difficult
2.From what Thomas Jefferson and Wen Jiabao mentioned in the passage, we know ________.
A. people’s happiness is determined by great people
B. people’s happiness is an important target for the development of a country
C. people in all countries have the right to ask the government for a happy life
D. people both in China and America are living a happy life
3.According to the passage, the writer may most likely agree that ________.
A. CCTV journalists are concerned about people’s happiness out of sympathy
B. the question has led to heated discussions about who are the happiest people in China
C. Bhutan’s new index shows that people there are the happiest in the world
D. it is not easy for us to decide what determines people’s happiness
4.What does the underlined word “elusive” in the sixth paragraph mean?
A. available. B. easy to get. C. hard to describe. D. unimaginable.
5.The best title of the passage is ________.
A. Are you happy? B. The Measurement of Happiness
C. GDP and Happiness D. The Secret of Happiness
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听力
第一节
听下面5段对话。每段对话后有一个小题，从题中所给的A、B、C三个选项中选出最佳选项。听完每段对话后，你都有10秒钟的时间来回答有关小题和阅读下一小题。每段对话仅读一遍。
W：Hi, Tom, we haven’t seen each other for a long time．What are you doing these days?
M：I’m reading an interesting book at the moment．I’ll lend it to you when I’ve finished it．
1．What will the man probably do when he finishes reading the book?
A．He’ll return the book to the library．
B．He’ll lend the book to the woman．
C．He’ll borrow another book from the woman．
W：I hear you’ve been offered a job．
M：That’s right, but I’m not going to take it．
2．What does the man think of the job offered to him?
A．The job is too demanding．
B．It is the job he is looking forward to．
C．He does not like the job．
M：Has George decided what to do when he leaves school?
W：Oh, yes．Everything is planned．He’s going to have a holiday for a few weeks and then he’s going to do an English course．
3．What is George going to do right after he leaves school?
A．To do an English course．
B．To make a plan．
C．To take a holiday．
M：Did you finish your work this afternoon?
W：Yes．There was nobody to disturb me, so I was able to finish it．
4．Why was the woman able to finish her work this afternoon?
A．Because she was helped by someone．
B．Because she was not disturbed by anybody．
C．Because she overworked this afternoon．
W：I wonder why Ann didn’t come to the party．Perhaps she wasn’t invited．
M：Yes, it’s possible．She might not have been invited．
5．Why didn’t Ann come to the party?
A．Perhaps she was not asked to．
B．Perhaps she did not want to come．
C．Perhaps she busied herself with something else．
第二节
听下面5段对话。每段对话后有几个小题，从题中所给的A、B、C三个选项中选出最佳选项。听每段对话前，你将有时间阅读各个小题，每小题5秒钟；听完后，各小题将给出5秒钟的作答时间。每段对话读两遍。
听第6段材料，回答第6～7题。
W：I’m going to have a party next Saturday．Can you come?
M：On Saturday? I’m not sure．Some friends of mine are coming to stay with me next week but I think they’ll have gone by Saturday．But if they’re still here I won’t be able to come to the party．
W：OK．Well, tell me as soon as you know．
M：Right．I’ll phone you during the week．
6．What is the man NOT sure?
A．Whether his friends will come to stay with him．
B．Whether his friends will have gone by Saturday．
C．Whether his friends will come to the party with him．
7．How does the woman know whether the man can come to the party or not?
A．The man’s friends will try to tell her his decision．
B．She will get in touch with the man during the week．
C．The man will call her before Saturday．
听第7段材料，回答第8～10题。
W：Brian! How nice to see you! What are you doing these days?
M：I’m training to be a supermarket manager．
W：Really? What’s it like? Are you enjoying it?
M：It’s all right．What about you?
W：Well, actually I’m not working at the moment．I’m trying to find a job, but it’s not easy．But I’m very busy．I’m painting my flat．
M：Are you doing it alone?
W：No, some friends of mine are helping me．
8．What does the man want to be?
A．A supermarket manager．
B．A school master．
C．A technician．
9．What is the woman trying to do?
A．To keep her job．
B．To quit her job．
C．To find a job．
10．What is she doing now?
A．Helping her friends．
B．Painting her flat．
C．Taking care of her children．
听第8段材料，回答第11～13题。
M：So you want to borrow some money．How do you want to spend it?
W：We’re going to advertise on local radio and in the paper．We’ve planned it carefully．We only need ＄500．
M：Very well．The bank will lend you the money．But you must pay us back in three months．Can you do that?
W：We’ll do it, I promise．
M：Now, go and see the loans clerk and he’ll help you fill in the necessary forms．
W：Thank you for your help．
M：You’re welcome．
11．How much money does the woman want to borrow?
A．＄5000．
B．＄1500．
C．＄500．
12．When must she pay the money back?
A．In three years．
B．In three months．
C．In three weeks．
13．What is the woman most probably going to do?
A．To fill in some forms．
B．To make a careful plan．
C．To visit the bank manager．
听第9段材料, 回答第14～16题。
W：Well, who shall we ask to this party?
M：Oh, not too many．Just a few people we can be relaxed with．
W：Yes, I agree．So, who, for example?
M：My cousin John, of course, and Carlo．
W：Carlo?Who’s he?
M：He’s the Italian guy who is staying with John’s family．
W：Oh, yeah．Is he the one whose wallet got stolen when they were in London?
M：That’s right．They caught the guy who did it, but he’d already spent all the money Carlo had brought with him．
W：Poor Carlo．Perhaps the party will cheer him up．
14．What are they talking about?
A．The coming party．
B．The arrangement of the party．
C．Whom to be invited to the party．
15．Where is Carlo from?
A．London．
B．Italy．
C．France．
16．What is wrong with Carlo?
A．He has spent all his money．
B．He has caught by the police．
C．He lost his wallet．
听第10段材料，回答第17～20题。
W：Hi, Ed．Are you in town for another job interview?
M：Yes, I’m pretty hopeful this time．I’ve just finished my second interview with this company．
W：That sounds great．I hope it works out for you．But wasn’t it expensive just getting here?
M：No, in fact the company is paying all my expenses．They’ve put me up in a hotel downtown．
W：How nice! How many people are they interviewing?
M：Well, they interviewed 16 the first time, and now four of us were chosen to come back for this interview．
W：It sounds like you have a good chance to be selected then．
M：I hope so．The manager told me he would call us on Monday．
W：Well, I hope it goes well．John and I would love it if you came to this area to work．
M：I would too, but my girlfriend doesn’t want to leave her family．She hopes I find a job close to her home．
W：Oh dear, what a decision．
M：But anyway, I’ve got to wait until Monday to find out whether I can even have the chance．
W：Good luck!
17．How does the man seem to feel after this interview?
A．Nervous．
B．Hopeful．
C．Excited．
18．How many people were chosen for the second interview?
A．4．
B．8．
C．16．
19．When will the man probably get to know whether he gets the job?
A．That afternoon．
B．Next Monday．
C．Tomorrow．
20．What does the man’s girlfriend want?
A．She hopes to find a job near the man．
B．She hopes the man finds a job near her．
C．She hopes the man gets the job．
Listening Comprehension
Section A
Directions：In section A, you will hear ten short conversations between two speakers．At the end of each conversation, a question will be asked about what was said．The conversation and the question will be spoken only once．After you hear a conversation and the question about it, read the four possible answers on your paper, and decide which one is the best answer to the question you have heard．
1．
W：Can you describe what you do?
M：I wash office building windows．I go high up in the basket to reach the windows．
Q：What is the man's job?
A．A basketball player．
B．A laundry worker．
C．A window washer．
D．A rock climber
2．
M：Should we go out or eat in tonight?
W：I am too tired to do any cooking．
Q：What does the woman imply?
A．She is not hungry．
B．She wants to cook．
C．She is not tired．
D．She wants to dine out．
3．
M：Hi, Grace．Tell me something about your hometown．
W：It's so beautiful and peaceful．But it's really far away from everything．
Q：What does the woman think of her hometown?
A．Promising
B．Isolated
C．Crowded
D．Modern
4．
W：My printer is out of paper．I will run and get some．
M：I will go with you．I need some fresh air．
Q：Where will the speakers probably go?
A．To a stationery shop．
B．To a gymnasium．
C．To a paint store．
D．To a news stand．
5．
M：I don't like the prices on the menu．They always seem too high．
W：You will have a different view after eating the delicious food．
Q：What does the woman mean?
A．The man can see a different view．
B．The food is not tasty enough．
C．The man cannot afford the food．
D．The food is worth the price．
6．M：I had a hard time getting through the novel．
W：I know how you feel．Who could remember the names of 35 different characters?
Q：What does the woman imply?
A．She reads different kinds of books．
B．She also finds the book difficult to read．
C．She is impressed by the characters．
D．She knows well how to remember names．
7．W：Why haven't we received any newspapers yet?
M：Well, sometimes it takes a while for the post office to deliver it．
Q：What can we learn from the conversation?
A．The man will go to the post office．
B．The post office is closed for the day．
C．The woman is expecting the newspaper．
D．The delivery boy has been dismissed．
8．M：My roommate and I are going to see a film tonight．And we are leaving at7∶40．Do you want to join us?
W：Sure．But my class ends at 7：30．And the professor never finishes on time．
Q：What can we learn about the woman?
A．She is not sure if she can join them．
B．She will skip the class to see the film．
C．She will ask the professor for leave．
D．She does not want to see a film．
9．W：Now that you are on the business, what's your advice for someone to become a fashion designer?
M：Go to school．I mean it．Find a good school and learn as much as you can．
Q：What does the man mean?
A．Fashion designing is a booming business．
B．School learning is a must for fashion designers．
C．He hopes to attend a good fashion school．
D．The woman should become a fashion designer．
10．W：Slow down．You are passing every car on the road．
M：Most drivers usually ignore the speed limit unless they think the police will stop them．
Q：What does the man mean?
A．Few people drive within the speed limit．
B．Drivers usually obey traffic rules．
C．The speed limit is really reasonable．
D．The police stop most drivers for speeding
Section B
Directions：In section B, you will hear two short passages, and you will be asked three questions on each of the passages．The passages will be read twice, but the questions will be spoken only once．When you hear a question, read the four possible answers on your paper, and decide which one would be the best answer to the question you have heard．
Questions 11 through 13 are based on the following passage．
I am Lynn．My previous job was as principal of a language school, where I received awards for training teachers to teach more effectively．A year ago, I started an international company．I spent months conducting programs in the US and Russia．During this time, some Russian immigrants came to stay at my house．Fortunately, these visitors helped a lot at home and made life easier．At the same time, I wrote several books to be published by my company and coedited a book for a major publisher．
I am grateful I have a photographic memory, so I can remember everything I see．Otherwise, I might not be that productive．In addition to my work, I have a family at home．Some of my children have had serious health problems from birth, but I try to handle those problems well and efficiently．With tremendous help from my parents, the kids are fed, and clothed, and educated．
I am busy from the time I get up until the time I go to bed．My time has to be carefully planned．I do not like to be interrupted because I want to accomplish my goals．
Questions：
11．What was the speaker's previous job?
12．What helps to make the speaker productive according to the passage?
13．What does the passage mainly tell us?
11．A．A book publisher．
B．A company manager．
C．A magazine editor．
D．A school principal．
12．A．Some training experience．
B．A happy family．
C．Russian assistants' help．
D．A good memory．
13．A．Lynn's devotion to the family．
B．Lynn's busy and successful life．
C．Lynn's great performance at work．
D．Lynn's efficiency in conducting programs．
Questions 14 through 16 are based on the following passage．
Job interviews can generally be divided into three types．
The first is what I would call the traditional interview．This is usually just a series of standard questions about qualifications, work experience and expectations．So what you have here is basically a list of quite direct questions, like what duties did you have in your previous job．This is still the model for a lot of interviews today．In my view it's not the best to select staff．
Then there is the case interview．Here the interviewer presents a problem and a series of questions to find out how the candidate would approach the problem．It might go something like this, ‘A company wants to hire more graduates without spending more than its current budget．What would you advise them to do? ’This can be particularly challenging, for you need to analyze the problem and solve it．
The third type is known as the behavioral interview．The questions are usually designed to find out about how the candidates handle tricky situations in the past．A typical question might be ‘Can you give me an example of a situation where you had to follow orders that you didn't agree with? ’ This opens up a lot of information and the interviewer gets to see more of the candidate．
Questions：
14．What kind of questions are usually asked in the traditional interview?
15．What does the case interview focus on about the candidate?
16．What does the speaker mainly talk about?
14．A．Economic questions．
B．Routine questions．
C．Academic questions．
D．Challenging questions．
15．A．Work experience．
B．Educational qualifications．
C．Problem－solving abilities．
D．lnfomation－gathering abilities．
16．A．Features of different types of interview．
B．Skills in asking interview questions．
C．Changes in three interview models．
D．Suggestions for different job interviews．
Section C
Directions：In section C, you will hear two longer conversations．The conversations will be read twice．After you hear each conversation, you are required to fill in the numbered blanks with the information you have heard．Write your answers on your answer sheet．
1．
W：Hi, Bruce, it's Naomi．
M：Hi, Naomi．
W：I'm calling about the conference in Shanghai on November 8th．We have to make some changes．
M：OK, go ahead．
W：I don't think the peace guardian will be big enough．We need a center that can seat at least 600．
M：That many? Any suggestions?
W：The Palace Center will be free that day, but it will mean increasing the registration fee by ＄50．From ＄800 to ＄850．
M：That won't be a problem．Anything else?
W：Milan University says they are sending Carla Marisco instead of Professor Bertoni．But the talk would be the same, Opportunities and Risks in the African Market．
M：Fine．Make those changes and all inform everyone at my end．
Complete the form．Write ONE WORD for each answer．
2．W：David, we all know you took up skateboarding at ten．But did your parents support you?
M：Yeah, my parents even let me skate in the house．
W：Did they?
M：Yeah, they were pretty cool．
W：How about your school work?
M：That was fine．I was able to get my school work done with good grades．My only problem was that I had so much physical energy that I could not sit still in class．Then some teachers started taking my skateboard away．
W：That couldn't stop you from staking?
M：No way．The cool thing was that my parents managed to find me a different school．The headmaster there was wonderful．He let us plan our own P．E．classes．So guess what class I created．
W：Skateboarding．
M：You got it．That was my P．E．class．By that time I was turning professional and starting to show off some techniques at competitions．
W：Is that when your new style became famous?
M：Yeah．Other skaters had this smooth flowing style, but I was kind of like a robot always coming up with new tricks．
Complete the form．Write NO MORE THAN THREE WORDS for each answer．
