Grown-ups know that people and objects are solid. At the movies, we know that if we reach out to touch Tom Cruise, all we will feel is air. But does a baby have this understanding?

    To see whether babies know objects are solid, T. Bower designed a method for projecting an optical illusion（视觉影像）of a hanging ball. His plan was to first give babies a real ball, one they could reach out and touch, and then to show them the illusion. If they knew that objects are solid and they reached out for the illusion and found empty air, they could be expected to show surprise in their faces and movements. All the 16-to 24- week -old babies tested were surprised when they reached for the illusion and found that the ball was not there.

    Grown-ups also have a sense of object permanence. We know that if we put a box in a room and lock the door, the box will still be there when we come back. But does a baby realize that a ball that rolls under a chair does not disappear and go to never-never land?

    Experiments done by Bower suggest that babies develop a sense of object permanence when they are about 18 weeks old. In his experiments, Bower used a toy train that went behind a screen. When 16-week-old and 22-week-old babies watched the toy train disappear behind the left side of the screen, they looked to the right, expecting it to reappear. If the experimenter took the train off the table and lifted the screen, all the babies seemed surprised not to see the train. This seems to show that all the babies had a sense of object permanence. But the second part of the experiment showed that this was not really the case. The researcher substituted（替换）a ball for the train when it went behind the screen. The 22-week-old babies seemed surprised and looked back to the left side for the train. But the 16-week -old babies did not seem to notice the switch（更换）. Thus, the 16-week-old babies seemed to have a sense of “something permanence,” while the 22-week-old babies had a sense of object permanence related to a particular object.

68. The passage is mainly about _____.

      A. babies’ sense of sight                   B. effects of experiments on babies

       C. babies’ understanding of objects          D. different tests on babies’ feelings

69. In Paragraph 3, “object permanence” means that when out of sight, an object ________.

       A. still exists     B. keeps its shape         C. still stays solid        D. is beyond reach

70. What did Bower use in his experiments?

       A. A chair.         B. A screen.       C. A film.          D. A box.

71. Which of the following statements is true?

       A. The babies didn’t have a sense of direction.

      B. The older babies preferred toy trains to balls.

   C. The younger babies liked looking for missing objects.

   D. The babies couldn’t tell a ball from its optical illusion.

The most important _____ of his speech was that we should all work whole-heartedly for the people.

  A. element   B. spot    C. sense    D. point

An important question about eating out is who pays for the meal. If a friend of yours asks you to have lunch with him. You may say something like this, “I’m afraid it’ll have to be some place cheap, as I have very little money.” The other person may say, “OK, I’ll meet you at McDonald’s.” This means that two agree to go Dutch, that is, each person pays for himself. He may also say, “Oh, no. I want to take you to lunch at Johnson’s”, or “I want you to try the steak(牛排) there. It’s great.” This means the person wants to pay for both of you. If you feel friendly towards this person, you can go with him and you needn’t pay for the meal. You may just say, “Thank you. That would be very nice.”

American customs about who pays for dates(约会) are much the same as in other parts of the world. In the old days, American women wanted men to pay for all the meals. But, today, a university girl or a woman in the business world will usually pay her own way during the day. If a man asks her to dinner or a dance outside the working hours, it means “come as my guest”. So as you can see, it is a polite thing to make the question clear at the very beginning.

In the old days _______ often paid for all the meals.

A. women      B. men

C. university students     D. businessmen

“To go Dutch” means to _______.

A. go to play outside     B. eat out

C. pay for oneself   D. go to a cheaper eating place

“McDonald’s” here means _______.

A. a tea house B. a gate

C. an office    D. an eating place

If you feel friendly to the person, _______.

A. you should pay for him    B. you needn’t pay for him

C. you can accept his invitation     D. you can’t accept his invitation

We’d better know who will pay for the meal _______.

A. at the beginning B. at the end

C. in the middle of the meal  D. after drinking

His wife looks ___ than he is.

  A. many younger   B. much young   C. more younger    D. much younger

阅读下面短文，掌握其大意，然后从36---55各题所给的四个选项（A,B,C和D）中，选出最佳选项，并在答题卡上将该项涂黑。

Peter and Paul had a permission from their parents to camp in a field close to their farm. But, being adventurous boys, they know it would be more 36    to camp in the woods that lay beyond the river. Excitedly, the boys  37   with their tent and food. Ks5u

Carrying their heavy 38  , the two brothers walked along the riverbank, hardly noticing the distance or the sun beating down. . They were eager to reach their 39  before lunchtime. As they entered the cool, shadowy woods, they began to search for a suitable camping spot. Peter wanted to 40  close to the river at the edge of the woods, 41  Paul, who was older, insisted that they camp further away. 42  Peter followed his brother deeper into the 43 . “This really is a wonderful setting!” said Paul in excitement. They 44 the tent , and settled down to eat the sandwiches they had made, then decided to find their way 45  to the river to catch some fish. Ks5u

“Are you sure that this is the right 46  ?” whispered Peter shakily. “I’m sure we passed that hollow tree just a while ago. ” Paul walked 47  silently. “Look, there it is again. We’re lost, aren’t we?” complained Peter. Paul had to admit that he didn’t know where they were. 48  , they were a long distance from where they were 49 to be. They were not even 50  of where they had set up their camp. They set in 51 for a few minutes until Peter had a bright idea. “Why don’t we look for clues（线索） the way trackers 52 in the movies? We weren’t careful about how we walked, so I’m sure we would have left 53 some broken tree branches and leaves. ” Ks5u

Carefully, the boys 54 the marks that they had left, until finally they found their campsite. Hurriedly, they packed their belongings and set off 55 the direction of the river. Ks5u

What would their parents think of their adventure? K        

A. surprising  B. exciting C. annoying D. frightening

A. went round  B. went back    C. went away    D. went though

A. load    B. torn C. food D. storage             

54.           

55.

A. grassland   B. destination  C. field    D. river

A. live    B. lie  C. wait D. stay

A. but B. and  C. or   D. so

A. Unconsciously   B. Unfortunately    C. Unwillingly  D. Uninterestingly

A. woods   B. farm C. setting  D. camp

A. put off B. put on   C. put down D. put up

A. forward    B. near C.  back    D. further

A. place  B. mark C. way  D. time

A. alone  B. about    C. in   D. on

A. After all  B. At last  C. Above all    D. At first

A. discovered B. encouraged   C. persuaded    D. supposed

A. afraid B. sure C. informed D. reminded

A. enjoyment  B. satisfaction C. disappointment   D. imagination

A. appear B. do   C. work D. behave

A. behind B. out  C. aside    D. amount

A. fetched    B. watched  C. followed D. collected 

A. for              B. to                C. at                 D. in