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It is, perhaps, no accident that many of the outstanding figures of the past were exceptionally versatile men. Right up until comparatively recent times, it was possible, for an intelligent person to acquaint himself with almost every branch of knowledge. Thus, men of genius like Leonardo Da Vinci or Sir Philip Sidney, engaged in many careers at once as a matter of course. Da Vinci was so busy with his numerous inventions that he barely found the time to complete his paintings; Sidney, who died in battle when he was only thirty-two years old, was not only a great soldier, but a brilliant scholar and poet as well. Both these men came very near to fulfilling the Renaissance ideal(文艺复兴时期的典型) of the “universal man”, the man who was proficient as everything.
Today, we rarely, if ever, hear that a musician has just invented a new type of submarine. Knowledge has become divided and sub-divided into countless, narrowlydefined compartments. The specialist is venerated(受尊敬的); the versatile person, far from being admired, is more often regarded with suspicion. The modern world is a world of highly-skilled “experts” who have had to devote the greater part of their lives to a very limited field of study in order to compete with their fellows.
With this high degree of specialization, the frontiers of knowledge are steadily being pushed back more rapidly than ever before. But this has not been achieved without considerable cost. The scientist, who outside his own particular subject is little more than a moron(低能者), is a modern phenomenon; as is the man of letters who is barely aware of the tremendous strides that have been made in technology. Similarly, specialization has indirectly affected quite ordinary people in every walk of life. Many activities which were once pursued for their own sakes, are often given up in despair: they require techniques, the experts tell us, which take a life-time to master. Why learn to play the piano, when you can listen to the world's greatest pianists in your own drawing-room?
Little by little, we are becoming more and more isolated from each other. It is almost impossible to talk to your neighbor about his job, even if he is engaged in roughly the same work as you are. The Royal Society in Britain includes among its members only the most eminent(杰出的) scientists in the country. Yet it is highly disconcerting(窘迫的) to find that even here, as one of its fellows put it, at a lecture only 10％ of the members can understand 50％ of what is being said!
1．In the modern world, the versatile person is ________.
[ ]
A．far from being admired
B．venerated
C．not regarded with suspicion
D．great
2．Which of the following is NOT true according to the third paragraph?
[ ]
A．The frontiers of knowledge are steadily being pushed back more rapidly than ever before.
B．The scientist who works outside his own particular subject is a genius.
C．Specialization has indirectly affected quite ordinary people in every walk of life.
D．We can listen to the world's greatest pianists without learning to play the piano.
3．In Royal Society in Britain, at a lecture only ________ of the members can understand ________of what is being said.
[ ]
My father’s reaction to the bank building at 43rd Street and Fifth Avenue in New York city was immediate and definite: “You won’t catch me putting my money in there!” he declared, “Not in that glass box!”
Of course, my father is a gentleman of the old school, a member of the generation to whom a good deal of modern architecture is upsetting, but I am convinced that his negative response was not so much to the architecture as to a violation of his concept of the nature of money. In his generation money was thought of as a real commodity (实物) that could be carried, or stolen.
Consequently, to attract the custom of a sensible man, a bank had to have heavy walls, barred windows, and bronze doors, to affirm the fact, however untrue, that money would be safe inside. If a building’s design made it appear impenetrable（难以渗透的), the institution was necessarily reliable, and the meaning of the heavy wall as an architecture symbol reflected people’s prevailing attitude toward money.
But the attitude toward money has, of course, changed. Excepting pocket money, cash of any kind is now rarely used; money as a tangible commodity has largely been replaced by credit. A deficit (赤字) economy, accompanied by huge expansion, has led us to think of money as product of the creative imagination. The banker no longer offers us a safe: he offers us a service in which the most valuable element is the creativity for the invention of large numbers. It is in no way surprising, in view of this change in attitude, that we are witnessing the disappearance of the heavy-walled bank.
Just as the older bank emphasized its strength, this bank by its architecture boasts of imaginative powers. From this point of view it is hard to say where architecture ends and human assertion (人们的说法) begins.
36. The main idea of this passage is that________.
A. money is not as valuable as it was in the past
B. changes have taken place in both the appearance and the concept of banks
C. the architectural style of the older bank is superior to that of the modern bank
D. prejudice makes the older generation think that the modern bank is unreliable
37. How do the older generation and the younger one think about money respectively?
A. The former thinks more of money than the latter.
B. The younger generation values money more than the older generation.
C. Both generations rely on the imaginative power of bankers to make money.
D. To the former money is a real commodity but to the latter be a means to produce more money.
38. The words “tangible commodity” (Line 2, Para. 4) refer to something ______.
A. that can be replaceable B. that is usable
C. that can be touched D. that can be reproduced
39. According to this passage, a modern banker should be _______.
A. ambitious and friendly B. reliable and powerful
C. sensible and impenetrable D. imaginative and creative
40. It can be inferred from the passage that the author’s attitude towards the new trend in banking is _______.
A. cautious B. regretful C. positive D. hostile
查看习题详情和答案>>A few days ago I asked my sons’ governess（女家庭教师）Julia to come into my study. “Be seated, Julia, ” I said, “Let’s settle our accounts. I guess you most likely need some money, but maybe you’re too polite to mention it. Now then, we agreed on thirty dollars a month...”
? “Forty.”
? “No, thirty. I made a note of it. I always pay our governess thirty. Well, um, you’ve been here two months, so...”
? “Two months and five days.”
? “Exactly two months. I made a special note of it. That means you have sixty dollars coming to you. Take off nine Sundays... you know you didn’t work with Tom on Sundays, you only took walks. And three holidays... ”Julia was biting her finger nail nervously, her face red, but - not a word.
? “Three holidays, therefore take off twelve dollars. Four days Tom was sick and there were no lessons, as you were occupied only with Dick. Three days you had a toothache and my wife gave you permission not to work after lunch. Twelve and seven - nineteen. Take nineteen off ... that leaves. hmm.... forty one dollars. Correct?”
? Julia’s left eye reddened with tears welling up. Her chin trembled; she coughed nervously and blew her nose, but-still not a word.
? “Around New Year’s Day you broke a teacup and a saucer; take off two dollars. The cup cost more, it was a treasure of the family, but- forget it. When didn’t I take a loss! Then, due to your neglect（疏忽）, Tom climbed a tree and tore his jacket; take away ten. Also due to your carelessness the maid stole Dick’s shoes. You ought to watch everything! You get paid for it. So, that means five more dollars off. The tenth of January I gave ten dollars.”
? “You didn’t. ”sobbed Julia.
? “But I made a note of it.”
? “Well... if you say so.”
? “Take twenty seven from forty one -that leaves fourteen.”
? Both her eyes were filled with tears. Beads of sweat stood on the thin pretty little nose. Poor girl!
? “Only once was I given any money,” she whispered, her voice trembling, “and that was by your wife. Three dollars, nothing more.”
? “Really? You see now, and I didn’t know that! Take three from fourteen.. leaves eleven. Here’s your money, my dear. Three, three, three, one and one. Here it is!”
? I handed her eleven dollars. She took them and pocketed them.
? “Merci（法语: 谢谢）,” she whispered.
? I jumped to my feet and started pacing the room. I was overcome with anger. “For what, this - ‘merci’?” I asked.
? “For the money.”
? “But you know I’ve cheated you - robbed you! I have actually stolen from you! Why this‘merci’?”
? “In my other places they didn’t give me anything at all.”
? “They didn’t give you anything? No wonder! I played a little joke on you, a cruel lesson, just to teach you... I m going to give you all the eighty dollars! Here they are in the envelope all ready for you... Is it really possible to be so spineless（懦弱）? Why didn’t you protest? Why were you silent? Is it possible in this world to be without teeth and claws（爪）-to be such a fool?”
? Embarrassed, she smiled. And I could read her expression,“It is possible.”
? I asked her pardon for the cruel lesson and, to her great surprise, gave her the eighty dollars. She murmured her little“merci”several times and went out. I looked after her and thought,“How easy it is to crush the weak in this world!”
1.While talking to Julia, the writer expected from her________.
A. a protest B. gratitude ? C. obedience D. an explanation
2.What shocked the writer was Julia’s ________.
A. nervousness in front of her boss???????
B. acceptance of injustice
C. shyness when talking about money?????
D. unwillingness to express herself
3.The writer said, “Is it possible in this world to be without teeth and claws?” He was actually telling the governess ________.
A. to be more aggressive??????? B. to be more careful in her work
C. to protect her right?????????? D. to live independently
4.At the end of the story, the writer said,“ How easy it is to crush the weak in this world!” to show ________.
A. his understanding of Julia’s anxiety
B. his worry about Julia’s future
C. his concern on the living condition of working-class people
D. his sympathy for the mental state of those exploited
5.From the story, we can tell that Julia’s employer was________.
A. greedy but honest????? B. ill-tempered but warm-hearted
C. strict but forgiving??????? D. none of the above
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The purpose of a letter of application is to help you to “sell” yourself. It should state 36 the job you want, and should tell what your abilities are and what you have 37 . It should be simple, human, personal and brief without 38 out any necessary fact.
In writing a letter of application, keep in 39 that the things a possible employer is most
40 to want to know about are your qualifications（条件）, your achievements and your aims.The opening paragraph is perhaps the most important part. 41 the first few sentences fail to 42 the reader’s attention, the rest of the letter may not be 43 at all. Try to key your opening remarks to the needs or interests of the employer not 44 your own need or desires. For example, instead of beginning with “I saw your 45 in today's paper. ”you might say“I have made a careful 46 of your advertising during the past six months” or “I have made a survey in my neighbourhood to find out how many housewives 47 your product and why they like it.”
Try to 48 generalities. Be clear about the kind of job for which you are now 49 . College graduates looking for their first positions often ask“ What can I 50 in a letter? Employers want experience, which, naturally, no 51 has. ”The answer is that everything you have ever done is 52 .
It is important to write a good strong closing for your letter. 53 a specific request for an interview or give the possible employer something definite to do or expect. An excellent 54 is to enclose（内附）a stamped, self - addressed envelope with your letter. That makes it 55 for a possible employer to get in touch with you.
36．A. clearly B. carefully C. obviously D. easily
37．A. found B. done C. known D. heard
38．A. sending B. taking C. leaving D. picking
39．A. brain B. sight C. order D. mind
40．A. probable B. possible C. likely D. able
41．A. While B. Although C. As D. If
42．A. pay B. win C. show D. fix
43．A. kept B. continued C. written D. read
44．A. to B. for C. into D. from
45．A. advertisement B. report
C. article D. introduciton
46．A. watch B. search C. study D. discussion
47．A. change B. make C. sell D. use．
48．A. avoid B. remember C. protect D. gain
49．A. losing B. applying C. preparing D. fitting
50．A. offer B. supply C. mean D. provide
51．A. worker B. beginner C. owner D. manager
52．A. success B. development C. practice D. experience
53．A. Make B. Ask C. State D. Get
54．A. result B. decision C. promise D. idea
55．A. happier B. easier C. cheaper D. safer
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