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阅读理解

　　Leaving a tip in a restaurant has become a custom in most countries．The word“tip”came from the Latin word“Gratis”, meaning free．Tips are defined as small gifts of money for service in addition to the payment due．

　　Believe it or not, the practice of tipping has an interesting history．The custom can be traced back to the Roman era．The Romans were the first civilization to use coins．It is possible that the word“tip”came from the word stipend．Stipend in Latin means gift．A more common belief is tips were first given in 18th century England．A popular coffee house equipped each table with a coin box．The label on each box read,“To Insure Promptness”．Dropping a coin into the box would result in quick service．Also, the first letter of each word spells T．I．P．-tip．

　　In America and Europe it is customary to tip anything from 10% to 20%．Taxi drivers, waiters in restaurants, waitresses in lounges, hotel boys, doormen, and disco coat check girls, all expect a little something．People working at these jobs usually receive a low basic salary, Tips are quite necessary to supplement their income．Today most people decide the size of tip according to the quality of the service．If the service and food are not satisfactory, a small tip or possibly no tip will be left．For excellent food and service most people are quite happy to leave a tip．

　　The world is full of big spenders and people who act like big spenders．Surprisingly, rich people are not“big tippers”unless entertaining guests．It is no use showing off if nobody is there to watch, right?Many throw money around like water to impress a group of friends out an evening“on the town”．People who usually cannot afford it are the biggest tippers in front of their friends．It is all part of the show to prove a certain level of social success．Nobody wants to look cheap, stingy, or poor in front of their friends．Or tipping also gives some satisfaction just to see the waiter’s reaction．

　　For, whatever reason, tipping will continue to be practiced in most countries．Tipping does have its place in our modern society．It will also remain a somewhat personal expression of gratitude．

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阅读下列短文，从每题所给的A、B、C、D四个选项中，选出最佳选项。

　　Leaving a tip in a restaurant has become a custom in most countries．The word “tip” came from the Latin word “Grais”, meaning free．Tips are defined as small gifts of money for service in addition to the payment due．

　　Believe it or not, the practice of tipping has a little interesting history．The custom can be traced back to the Roman era．The Romans were the first civilization to use coins．It is possible that the word “tip” came from the word “stipend” ．“Stips” in Latin means gift．A more common belief is tips were first given in the 18th century England．A popular coffee house equipped each table with a coin box．The label of each box read, “To insure promptness．” Dropping a coin into the box would result in quick service．Also, the first letter of each word is T．I．P．－tip．

　　In America and Europe, it is customary to tip anywhere from 10％ to 20％．Taxi drivers, waiters in restaurants, waitresses in lounges, hotel boys, doormen, and disco coat check girls, all expect a little something．People working at these jobs usually receive a low basic salary．Tips are quite necessary to supplement their income．Today most people decide the size of tip according to the quality of the service．If the service and food are not satisfactory, a small tip or possibly no tip will be left．For excellent food and service most people are quite happy to leave a tip．

　　The world is full of big spenders and people who act like big spenders．Surprisingly, rich people are not “big tippers” unless entertaining guests．It is no use showing off if nobody is there to watch, right? Many throw money around like water to impress a group of friends out for an evening “on the town” ．People who usually cannot afford it are the biggest tippers in front of their friends．It is all part of the show to prove a certain level of social success．Nobody wants to look cheap, stingy, or poor in front of their friends．Over－tipping also gives some satisfaction just to see the waiter's reaction．

　　For whatever reason, tipping will continue to be practiced in most countries．Tipping does have its place in our modern society．It will also remain a somewhat personal expression of gratitude．

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阅读下面短文，掌握其大意，然后从1－10各题所给的A、B、C和D四个选项中，选出最佳选项。

　　San Francisco is a big city which lies in the west of the United States very near the Pacific, where two earth’s plates often meet and jump．So earthquake is a 　　1　　 word to hear there．It is recorded that at least 　　2　　 big earthquakes have happened in San Francisco since the beginning of the 　　3　　 century．One happened in 1906, the other in 1989．

　　The second worst earthquake 　　4　　 San Francisco on the evening of October 17, 1989, when people were traveling to their 　　5　　 A wide and busy overhead road fell onto the one 　　6　　 Many people were killed in their cars．A few 　　7　　 ones were not hurt, but many thousands became 　　8　　．A large number of weak buildings didn’t 　　9　　 in the quake and the 　　10　　 electricity was cut off for several days, too．

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