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[1]Keeping a busy social life among lots of friends may keep people slimmer than spending hours on a treadmill, according to scientists. They say that socializing and meeting with friends helps boost levels of ‘brown fat’ in the boby which burns calories to generate heat.
[2]Living in a stimulating, social environment was found to reduce abdominal fat in mice by half over four weeks, even if they ate more. US researchers say that social stimulation can
by converting white fat into brown, White stores calories and makes us fatter, while brown burns energy to generate heat .Converting white fat into brown is difficult, as we all know, normally requiring long term exposure to cold conditions or activating part of the body’s nervous system
[3]However, scientists from Ohio State University now think that having a busy social life is an even more effective way of changing white fat into brown, The team came up with their theory by studying the effects of various living environments on mice. Those who lived alongside a greater number of mice and had more space and toys to stimulate them lost far more weight over the course of the study than their ‘couch potato’ ones.
[4]Study author Dr. Mattew During, whose team’s findings appear in journal Cell Metabolism said: I’m still amazed at the degree of fat loss that occurs. Explaining how new technology had threatened face-to-face socializing, he added: ‘It’s not just a sedentary lifestyle and high calorie foods, but an increasing lack of social engagement.’
[5]Co-author Dr. Lei Cao said: ‘Loneliness is a profound factor for cancer and death; it’s on par with cigarette smoking. Social engagement is very important’.
1.What’s the main idea of this passage? (no more than 10 words)
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2.Fill in the blank in Paragraph 2 with proper words. (no more than 5 words)
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3.What’s the purpose of the study of mice? (no more than 20 words)
.
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4.How does socializing help make people slim? (no more than 15 words)
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5.Translate the underlined sentence into Chinese.
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Scientists in Canada say big fish have almost disappeared from the world since the start of industrial(产业的) fishing in the 1950s. The scientists found the numbers of some kinds of large fish have dropped by ninety percent in the past fifty years.
The study took ten years. The researchers gathered records from fishing businesses and governments around the world. The magazine Nature published the findings.
The scientists say the common method called long line fishing ravages the populations of large fish. This method involves many fishing lines connected to one boat. These wires can be nearly one hundred kilometers long. They hold thousands of sharp metal hooks to catch fish.
Long line fishing is especially common in the Japanese fishing industry. Records showed that Japanese boats used to catch about ten fish for every one hundred hooks. But long line fishing boats now might only catch one fish per hundred hooks.
The scientists say industrial fishing can destroy groups of fish much faster than in the past. The study suggests that whole populations can disappear almost completely from new fishing areas within ten to fifteen years.
Ransom Myers and Boris Worm of Dalhousie University in Nova Scotia led the study with the University of Kiel in Germany. Worm says the destruction could lead to a complete reorganization of ocean life systems. Meyers says the decreased numbers of large fish are not the only worry. He says even populations that are able to reproduce do not get the chance to live long enough to grow as big as their ancestors. He says not only are there fewer big fish, but also they are smaller than those of the past.
It’s the end of this program ,Thank you for your listening.
1.What’s the best title for the passage?
A. Big fish are disappearing B. Long—line fishing in Japan
C. The harm of industrial fishing D. Stop killing big fish
2.Which of the following DOESN’T show that the populations of big fish are smaller than before?
A. Fish can disappear almost completely from new fishing areas.
B. Now long—line fishing boats might catch one fish per hundred hooks.
C. Fish now don’t have the chance to grow big enough.
D. Scientists spent ten years studying the populations of large fish.
3.What can we learn from the passage?
A. The number of big fish started to drop greatly about fifty years ago.
B. The study was started by Boris Worm of Dalhousie alone.
C. There will be no big fish left in fifty years .
D. Japaneses people have stopped catching big fish.
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— Tod hadn’t passed the exam and was afraid of being scolded.
— _____.
A. So it was with Jim
B. So was Jim, his classmate
C. It’s the same with Jim
D. Neither had Jim, his classmate
查看习题详情和答案>>There is a joke among flu researchers: “If you've seen one flu season, you've seen one flu season.” The joke is about the unpredictable nature of the flu virus. Every year it looks different, and every strain (类型) follows its own pattern — it's the reason why new strains like H1N1 are extremely difficult to predict.
Dr. Michael Osterholm is a former adviser to the U.S. Department of Health and Human Services. “I know less about influenza today than I did 10 years ago,” he says in a joking way. “Every stone we've turned over, we get more questions.”
The flu rectums every season and the world experiences terrible pandemics (全国或全世界范围流行的疾病), but researchers still do not understand why some strains infect people and others do not; they are not entirely sure about how the flu is transmitted; nor do they understand why some patients become seriously ill while others develop mild symptoms (症状). As a result, when a new strain shows up — like H1N1 — they often have little information to fall back on, and the lessons of previous pandemics are only somewhat helpful. While researchers are still putting together a complete picture of H1N1, for example, its most striking difference with the seasonal flu is that the elder1y are not the most vulnerable (易受攻击的) population.
Influenza's unpredictable nature makes it a moving target for researchers, says researcher Allison Aiello at the University of Michigan. “Even if we had complete seasonal flu data from the past, it wouldn't be much helpful for a new strain of influenza,” she explains.
Whi1e researchers are frustrated by the holes in their knowledge, they say, however, that the pub1ic--health community is generally doing a very good job responding to H1N1 with seasonal flu data that do exist. Studying influenza, says Osterholm, is “like looking through the windows of a house you can't get into because the door is locked.” Gathering the data researchers do have is like “looking through the windows to get a pretty good picture of what the inside looks like.”
One thing researchers do know for sure: the best way for people to protect against H1N1 is to get the vaccine once it becomes available to them.
1.What do we learn about H1N1 from the passage?
A.In fact it is not a kind of influenza virus. |
B.It is quite possible to predict it in theory. |
C.Old people are more likely to contract it than kids. |
D.Receiving vaccines will be effective to protect against it. |
2. The underlined phrase “fall back on” in Para. 3 probably means .
A.rely on |
B.pass on |
C.col1ect |
D.exchange |
3. What do we know about previous seasonal flu data?
A.It is useless to study them. |
B.It is still necessary to study them. |
C.They are misleading most of the time. |
D.They are much more helpful than expected. |
4.Which of the following could be the best title for the passage?
A.Outbreaks of the flu |
B.Symptoms of the flu |
C.Mysteries of the flu |
D.Risks of the flu |
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Coffee experts are willing to pay large sums of money for high-quality coffee beans. The high-end beans, such as Kona or Blue Mountain, are known to cost extraordinary sums of money. Then there is Kopi Lowak (translated as “Civet Coffee”), the world’s most expensive coffee, which sells for as much as US $50 per quarter-pound.
This isn’t particularly surprising, because approximately 500 pounds a year of Kopi Lowak make up the entire world supply. What is surprising is why this particular coffee is so rare. In fact, it’s not the plants that are rare. It’s the civet droppings. That’s right, the civet droppings—the body waste of the palm civet. Coffee beans aren’t Kopi Lowak until they’ve been digested(消化) and come out in the body waste of the palm civet.
Palm civets are tree-dwelling, raccoon-like little animals, native to Southeast Asia and the Indonesian islands. They also have a love for coffee cherries. According to Kopi Lowak suppliers, palm civets eat the fruit whole, but only digest the outer fruit, leaving the beans intact(完好无损). While the beans are not destroyed, they undergo a transformation in the animal’s body. A chemical substance in the digestive system of the palm civet causes some changes to the beans to give them a unique flavor(味道). However, this is not the only explanation why coffee beans retrieved from civet droppings have a special flavor all their own. Another possible reason is that palm civets have an unfailing instinct for picking the coffee cherries at the peak of their ripeness.
Kopi Lowak is reported to have a character in taste unlike any other coffee, complex with caramel undertones and an earthy flavor. Currently, most of the world’s supply of Kopi Lowak is sold in Japan, though a few US markets are also starting to stock up on Kopi Lowak.
1.What does “This” in the second paragraph refer to?
A. Civet Coffee. B. Blue Mountain coffee.
C. The high price of Kopi Lowak. D. The unique taste of Kona.
2.Why is Kopi Lowak expensive?
A. There is a very limited supply of the beans.
B. The coffee trees that grow the beans are scarce.
C. It takes a long time for the coffee beans to ripen.
D. Only a few experts know how to produce the beans.
3.What is the main point discussed in the third paragraph?
A. Why palm civets like the coffee beans.
B. Where Kopi Lowak is mainly harvested.
C. What chemicals are found in the civet’s digestive system.
D. How palm civets change coffee fruit to Kopi Lowak beans.
4.Which of the following statements is true, according to the passage?
A. Little palm civets eat only the outer layer of the coffee cherries.
B. Palm civets somehow know the right time when the coffee fruit ripens.
C. Kopi Lowak is most popular in Southeast Asia and the Indonesian islands.
D. Kona and Blue Mountain are the most expensive coffees but only of average quality.
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