Sustainable development is applied to just about everything from energy to clean water and economic growth, and as a result it has become difficult to question either the basic assumptions behind it or the way the concept is put to use．This is especially true in agriculture, where sustainable development is often taken as the sole measure of progress without a proper appreciation of historical and cultural perspectives．
To start with, it is important to remember that the nature of agriculture has changed markedly throughout history, and will continue to do so ．Medieval agriculture in northern Europe fed, clothed and sheltered a predominantly rural society with a much lower population density than it is today．It had minimal effect on biodiversity, and any pollution it brought about was typically localized．In terms of energy use and the nutrients captured in the product it was relatively inefficient．
Contrast this with farming since the start of the industrial revolution．Competition from overseas led farmers to specialize and increase yields．Throughout this period food became cheaper, safe and more reliable．However, these changes have also led to habitat loss and to diminishing biodiversity．
What’s more, demand for animal products in developing countries is growing so fast that meeting it will require an extra 300 million tons of grain a year by 2050，yet the growth of cities and industry is reducing the amount of water available for agriculture in many regions．
All this means that agriculture in the 21st century will have to be very different from how it was in the 20th．This will require radical（激进的）thinking．For example, we need to move away from the idea that traditional practices are inevitably more sustainable than new ones．We also need to abandon the notion that agriculture can be “zero impact”．The key will be to abandon the rather simple and static measures of sustainability, which centre on the need to maintain production without increasing damage．Instead we need a more dynamic interpretation, one that looks at the pros and cons of all the various way land is used．There are many different ways to measure agricultural performance besides food yield: energy use, environmental costs, water purity, carbon footprint and biodiversity．It is clear, for example, that the carbon of transporting tomatoes from Spain to the UK is less than that of producing them in the UK with additional heating and lighting, but we do not know whether lower carbon footprints will always be better for biodiversity．
What is crucial is recognizing that sustainable agriculture is not just about sustainable food production．
72．How do people often measure progress in agriculture?
A．By its productivity                 B． By its impact on the environment　　
C．By its sustainability                D．By its contribution to economic growth
73．What does the author think of traditional farming practices?
　　A．They have remained the same over the centuries
　　B．They have not kept pace with population growth
　　C．They are not necessarily sustainable
　　D．They are environmentally friendly
74．What will agriculture be like in the 21st century?
　　A．It will go through radical changes
　　B．It will supply more animal products
　　C．It will abandon traditional farming practices
　　D．It will cause zero damage to the environment
75．What is the author’s purpose in writing this passage?
　　A．To remind people of the need of sustainable development
　　B．To suggest ways of ensuring sustainable food production
　　C．To advance new criteria for measuring farming progress
　　D．To urge people to rethink what sustainable agriculture is．

Children have their own rules in playing games.They seldom(很少)need a referee(裁判)and rarely trouble to keep scores.They don’t care much about who wins or loses，and it doesn’t seem to worry them if the game is not finished.Yet，they like games that depend a lot on luck，so that their personal abilities can not be directly compared.They also enjoy games that move in stages，in which each stage，the choosing of leaders，the picking?up of sides, or the determining of which side shall start，is almost a game in itself.

Grown?ups can hardly find children’s games exciting，and they often feel puzzled at why their kids play such simple games again and again.However，it is found that a child plays games for very important reasons.He can be a good player without having to think whether he is a popular person，and he can find himself being a useful partner to someone of whom he is ordinarily afraid.He becomes a leader when it comes to his turn.He can be confident，too，in particular games，that it is his place to give orders，to pretend to be dead，to throw a ball actually at someone，or to kiss someone he has caught.

It appears to us that when children play a game they imagine a situation under their control.Everyone knows the rules，and more importantly，everyone plays according to the rules.Those rules may be childish，but they make sure that every child has a chance to win.

1．What is TRUE about children when they play games?

A．They can stop playing any time they like.　　 B．They can test their personal abilities.

C．They want to pick a better team.　　　　　　 D．They don’t need rules.

2．To become a leader in a game the child has to ______.

A．play well　　　　　　　　　　 　　　B．wait for his turn

C．be confident in himself　　　　　　 D．be popular among his playmates

3．What do we know about grown?ups?

A．They are not interested in games.

B．They find children’s games too easy.

C．They don’t need a reason to play games.

D．They don’t understand children’s games.

4．Why does a child like playing games?

A．Because he can be someone than himself.

B．Because he can become popular among friends.

C．Because he finds he is always lucky in games.

D．Because he likes the place where he plays a game.

5．The writer believes that ______.

A．children should make better rules for their games

B．children should invite grown?ups to play with them

C．children’s games can do them a lot of good

D．children play games without reasons

“We’ve been good friends for so many years. And I don’t think you meant to do that ...” I said to myself， looking at Jack， my friend who was running across the  　36　  field.

How I wish I could join them！ But it was impossible because of the pain in my left foot， caused by Jack.

I first met Jack in a football match in the elementary school. When my team looked as if we were 　37　 ， Jack， who was watching， volunteered to join us. He was so confident and skilled that we won. From then on， Jack and I often played together and became best friends.

But something happened before an important football match between Class Six and my class. My class had so many good players that we had to  　38　  the best ones. Jack and I were in  the same  team. The match was close in the first half. I saw my chance and was ready to score a goal. Suddenly， Jack  　39　  me. He slid to stop the ball， but collided  with my left foot. I knew I had lost the chance to score and was  　40　  the field. But what really hurt me was that Jack didn’t say sorry.  And when some of my teammates said he did it on purpose to  　41　  me from scoring， I felt even  　42　.

Now I stand here， with tears in my eyes. I don’t want to  　43　  those words but I don’t know how to persuade myself they are  　44　 . Then everything changes when Jack scores and wins！ How excited I am！

 While I am still  　45　  in excitement， someone pats my shoulder. It is Jack， with a smile on his face. “I’m sorry that you can not join in because of my  　46　  . But you see， Jason， we beat them！ No matter whether you joined in or not， you’ve made a contribution. Come on， let’s celebrate！” Suddenly， I am  　47　  by the players. The sunshine is so bright that I close my eyes. Riding high above my teammates， I feel so happy. And I know the  friendship  between Jack and me will last forever.

1.A. basketball        B. volleyball      C. badminton      D .football

2.A. lost                     B .winning         C. leading       D. beaten

3.A. replace         B. award            C. decide on         D. call in

4.A. ran into          B. ran to          C .ran across        D. ran away

5.A. sent away            B. carried off       C. stuck to        D. hold on

6.A. break              B. interrupt       C. make              D. keep

7.A. amused            B. comfortable     C. depressed         D. scared

8.A. believe         B. say               C. deny           D. hear

9.A. right               B. false                C. true                D. bad

10.A. lost                   B. fallen              C. caught         D. drawn

11.A. score             B. pride               C. reason          D. carelessness

12.A. raised up        B. pulled away    C. picked up        D. pushed off

When the lazy days of summer arrive and the schedule is packed with swimming，camp，and family vacations，it can be a challenge to find time for learning. But kids’ reading skills don’t have to grow cold once school’s out. Here are some ways to make reading a natural part of their summer fun.
Explore your library. Visit your local library to check out books and magazines that your kids haven’t seen before. Many libraries have summer reading programs，book clubs，and reading contests for even the youngest borrowers. With a new library card，a child will feel extra grown­up checking out books.
Read on the road. Going on a long car trip？Make sure the back seat is stocked with favorite reads. When you’re not at the wheel，read the books aloud. Get some audiobooks (many libraries have large selections)and listen to them together during driving time.
Make your own books. Pick one of your family’s favorite parts of summer—whether it’s baseball，ice cream，or the pool—and have your child draw pictures of it or cut out pictures from magazines. Stick the pictures onto paper to make a booklet and write text for it. When you’re done，read the book together. Reread it whenever you like!
Keep in touch. Kids don’t have to go away to write about summer vacation. Even if your family stays home，they can send postcards to tell friends and relatives about their adventures. Ask a relative to be your child’s pen pal and encourage them to write each week.
Keep up the reading habits. Even if everything else changes during the summer，keep up the reading routines around your house. Read with your kids every day—whether it’s just before bedtime or under a shady tree on a lazy afternoon. And don’t forget to take a book to the beach！Just　brush　the sand off the pages—it’s no sweat!
【小题1】The purpose of the passage is to________.

BRITAIN is a popular tourist place. But tours of the country have advantages and disadvantages .
ADVANTAGES
Free museums. No charge for good collections of art works
Pop music. Britain is the only country to rival(与…匹敌)the US on this point.
Cabs. London taxi drivers well know where they are going.
Choice of food. Visitors can find food from every corner of the world .
Fashion. Not only do fashion junkies love deeply and respect highly brand names such as Vivienne Westwood, Alexander McQueen; street styles are justly loved, too.
　　DISADVANTAGES
　　Poor service. People can dine out on the rudeness they have experienced,” says Professor Tony Seaton, of Luton University’s International Tourism Research Center.
　　Poor public transport. Trains and buses are promised to defeat tourists who have the most patience, so the over- crowded London tube is inexplicably(难以理解的) popular.
　　Rain. Still in the number one complaint. 
　　Overpriced hotels. The only European country with a higher rate of tax on hotel rooms is Denmark.
Drinking hours. Alcohol(酒) is in short supply after 11 pm even in “24-hour cities”.
【小题1】What do tourists complain most?