摘要: the sun rose in the west, I wouldn’t believe you. You are a liar. A. If B. Even if C. Though D. Because

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Today, over six billion people live on the planet. This means that there are very few places on Earth with no people. One place that has very few people is at the bottom of the Earth. In Antarctica, the icy continent surrounding the South Pole, you will not find anyone who lives there all the time.
First, Antarctica is the coldest place on Earth. For example, it can be –l30℃ in the winter. Humans cannot live in this kind of environment. Because it is so cold, very few plants or animals live there. This means there are no farms and no places to find wild plants or animals to eat.
Second, Antarctica can be dangerous. Many people think that it is safe to travel to Antarctica in the summer months when it is warmer. However, Antarctica is mostly ice, so when it’s summer, the ice melts. When the ice melts, the ice can break. So, people cannot travel around Antarctica during the summer. If the ice breaks, they could fall into the water and die.
Another serious problem in Antarctica is the sun. Because Antarctica is mostly ice, there are no trees so there is no shade. Also, the ground is mostly white ice so the sun bounces off (反射) it. The light from the sky and the light from the ground can burn people’s skin and hurt their eyes. People must be very careful in this situation. For example, they must wear sunglasses to protect their eyes. They must also cover their hands and faces all the time.
Although Antarctica is a tough place to live, explorers have discovered coal in Antarctica. This leads them to believe that Antarctica at one time was a land of swam (沼泽) and forests.
【小题1】This text is mainly about _____.

A.the discovery of Antarctica
B.how people travel around Antarctica
C.different animals found in Antarctica
D.why it is difficult to live in Antarctica
【小题2】We can learn from the text that _____.
A.Antarctica is a place with no animals
B.no people can survive in Antarctica
C.Antarctica is colder than any other continent on Earth
D.the temperature in Antarctica is below zero all the time
【小题3】When is the most dangerous time to travel around Antarctica?
A.In spring.B.In summer.C.In autumn.D.In winter.

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Much of the water we use comes from snow. Melting snow provides water for rivers, electric power centers and agricultural crops. In the western United States, mountain snow provides up to 75% of all surface water supplies.
Snowfall helps to protect plants and some wild animals from cold, winter weather. Fresh snow is made largely of air trapped among the snow crystals. Because the air has trouble moving, the movement of heat is greatly reduced.
Snow also is known to influence the movement of sound waves. When there is fresh snow on the ground, the surface of the snow takes in, or absorbs, sound waves. However, snow can become hard and flat as it becomes older or if there have been strong winds. Then the snow's surface will help to send back sound waves. Under these conditions, sounds may seem clearer and travel farther.
Generally, the color of snow and ice appears white. This is because the light we see from the sun is white. Most natural materials take in some sunlight. This gives them their color. However, when light travels from air to snow, some light is sent back, or reflected. Snow crystals have many surfaces to reflect sunlight. Yet the snow does take in a little sunlight. It is this light that gives snow its white appearance.
Sometimes, snow or ice may appear to be blue. The blue light is the product of a long travel path through the snow or ice. In simple terms, think of snow or ice as a filter. A filter is designed to reject some substances, while permitting others to pass through. In the case of snow, all the light makes it through if the snow is only a centimeter thick. If it is a meter or more thick, however, blue light often can be seen.
【小题1】How many functions of snow are discussed in the passage?

A.OneB.TwoC.ThreeD.Four
【小题2】Why does snowfall help to protect plants from cold?
A.Because snow crystals contain heat.
B.Because snow crystals have air in them.
C.Because snow crystals are easy to blow away.
D.Because snow crystals send out heat when melting.
【小题3】It can be inferred that ______.
A.hard snow is better in protecting wild animals than fresh snow
B.fresh snow is better in sending sound waves than hard snow
C.fresh snow is better in taking in sound waves than hard snow
D.hard snow provides less water than fresh snow
【小题4】The color of snow and ice appears white because snow crystals________.
A.send back none of the sunlightB.send back all of the sunlight
C.take in most of the sunlightD.take in some of the sunlight

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Death Valley, one of America’s great national parks, is a place of strange and silent beauty. As beautiful as this place is, its name provides evidence of very real danger. Death Valley is a land of beautiful yet dangerous extremes. There are mountains that reach more than 3,000 meters into the sky. There is a place called Badwater that is the lowest area of land in the Western Hemisphere. If there were water there, it would be 86 meters below the level of the ocean.
Death Valley can be dangerously cold during the winter months. Storms in the mountains can produce sudden flooding on the floor of the Valley. The air temperature during the summer has been as high as 57℃. The sun can heat the ground so that the temperature of the rocks and soil can be as high as 74℃. The extreme heat of Death Valley has killed people in the past. It will continue to kill those who do not honor this extreme climate. Death Valley does not forgive those who are not careful.
Death Valley is a good example of the violence of nature. It contains evidence of several ancient volcanoes that caused huge explosions. Evidence of one of these explosions is called Ubehebe Crater. The explosion left a huge hole in the ground almost a kilometer and a half wide.
In many areas of Death Valley it is easy to see where the ground has been pushed up violently by movement deep in the Earth. This movement has created unusual and beautiful rock formations. Some are red. Others are dark brown, gray, yellow or black. Other areas of rock look as if some huge creature violently broke and twisted the Earth to create unusual, sometimes frightening shapes.
In other parts of Death Valley there are lines in the rock that show clearly that this area was deep under an ocean for many thousands of years. Much of the Valley is flat and extremely dry. In fact, scientists believe it is the driest place in the United States.
Death Valley, part of the Great Mojave Desert, is a huge place. It extends more than 225 kilometers across the southern part of California, and across the border with Nevada.
【小题1】Which of the following statements is TRUE according to the passage?

A.The water in Badwater is 86 meters below the level of the ocean.
B.The highest air temperature in summer can reach as high as 74℃.
C.The ground has been pushed up violently by explosions of volcanoes.
D.There might have been marine lives living in Death Valley.
【小题2】Why were some people killed by Death Valley?
A.Because they didn’t respect Death Valley and thus they were punished.
B.Because it is extremely hot in summer and dangerously cold in winter.
C.Because they were not careful enough to take with them what they needed.
D.Because several volcanoes erupted and caused huge explosions.
【小题3】The underlined word “twisted” in Paragraph 4 most possibly mean ______.
A.bent and turnedB.created and developed
C.built and shapedD.changed and ruined
【小题4】The purpose of the article is to _______.
A.encourage people to visit Death Valley, a beautiful national park in America
B.warn people not to visit Death Valley because it is quite dangerous there
C.introduce to us readers a special national park in America, Death Valley
D.raise money for the protection of Death Valley because it is in danger now

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Lying in the sun on a rock, the cougar(美洲豹)saw Jeb and his son, Tom, before they saw it. Jeb put his bag down quickly and pulled his jacket open with both hands, making himself look big to the cougar. It worked. The cougar hesitated, ready to attack Jeb, but ready to forget the whole thing, too.
Jeb let go of his jacket, grasped Tom and held him across his body, making a cross. Now the cougar’s enemy looked even bigger, and it rose up, ready to move away, but unfortunately Tom got scared and struggled free of Jeb.
“Tom, no!” shouted his father.
But Tom broke and ran and that’s the last thing you do with a cougar. The second Tom broke free, Jeb threw himself on the cougar, just as it jumped from the rock. They hit each other in mid-air and both fell. The cougar was on Jeb in a flash, forgetting about Tom, which was what Jeb wanted.
Cougars are not as big as most people think and a determined man stands a chance, even with just his fists. As the cougar’s claws(爪子)got into his left shoulder, Jeb swung his fist at its eyes and hit hard. The animal howled(吼叫)and put its head back. Jeb followed up with his other fist. Then out of the corner of his eye, Jeb saw Tom. The boy was running back to help his father.
“Knife, Tom” shouted Jeb.
The boy ran to his father’s bag, while Jeb stated shouting as well as hitting, to keep the cougar’s attention away from Tom. Tom got the knife and ran over to Jeb. The cougar was moving its head in and out, trying to find a way through the wall Jeb was making out of his arms. Tom swung with the knife, into the cougar’s back. It howled horribly and ran off into the mountains.
The whole fight had taken about thirty seconds.
【小题1】Why did Jeb pull his jacket open when he saw the cougar?

A.To get ready to fightB.To frighten it away
C.To protect the boyD.To cool down
【小题2】What do we know about cougars?
A.They are afraid of noises
B.They hesitate before they hit
C.They are bigger than we think
D.They like to attack running people
【小题3】How did Jeb try to hold the cougar’s attention?
A.By keeping shouting and hitting
B.By making a wall out of his arms
C.By throwing himself on the cougar
D.By swinging his fists at the cougar’s eyes
【小题4】Which of the following happened first?
A.The cougar jumped from the rock
B.Tom struggled free of his father
C.Jeb asked Tom to get the knife
D.Jeb held Tom across his body

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