Scientists have revealed（展示）the 10 commandments（法则）for a long and happy life. And the rules even allow for sunbathing, drinking alcohol and eating chocolate.

　 The first rule, as published in the New Scientist magazine, is to enjoy yourself.

　 Married

　 Second on the list is remaining sociable, with a happy marriage and good family life being essential for health.

　 Studies have shown that marriage can add as much as seven years to a man’s life and two years to a woman’s life.

　 A Drink

　 So called vices like wine, partying and chocolate provide the fourth rule, with countless studies showing that a little of what you fancy does you good rather than harm.

　 Work Your Brain

　 The fifth rule says that you should exercise your brain to stay active.

　 Last month scientists at Cambridge University said puzzles could help prevent a range of conditions, from depression to schizophrenia（精神分裂症）.

　 Knitting, doing crosswords or just walking also help.

　 See the Doctor

　 It’s simple really. If you’re sick, get treatment fast .

　 Eat Healthily

　 As is well-known, you are what you eat.

　 Scientists have recommended that the low-fat, high-fiber Mediterranean diet is a model for healthy eating and a long life.

　 High in fruit and vegetables, the diet also uses beans ,breads and cereals.

　 Small amounts of meat and moderate amounts of fish are also eaten.

　 Take Risks

　 Rule eight urges people to put more excitement into their lives.

　 Intellectual challenges, traveling, or learning a new language can all　　　 .

　 Embrace Technology

　 Rule nine advises those seeking a long life to embrace new technologies.

　 Be Happy

　 Rule ten is that you should smile and feel happier in life.

　 Research showed that older men with an optimistic（乐观的）attitude towards life were only half as likely to suffer from cardio-vascular disease（心血管疾病）as those whose world view was more negative.（悲观的）

1. What’s the best title of the passage ?(Please answer within 10 words.)

2. Which sentence in the passage can be replaced by the following one?

　 Everybody knows that good health depends on a good diet.

3. Please fill in the blank in Rule 8 with proper words or phrases to complete the sentence. (Please answer within 10 words.)

4. Which of the suggestions do you think is the best for you ?Why ?(Please answer within 30 words .)

5. Translate the underlined sentence in the last paragraph into Chinese.

The War Against Sand

Imagine living on the edge of a vast desert, which is moving quietly closer to your village every day and covering your fields. The desert is on the move. This is called desertification.

Desertification occurs in regions close to an already existing desert.     71     The first is over-use of water in the area. There is not enough water in any case, and if it is not carefully used, disaster can follow. As time goes on, water shortages make farming more and more difficult. In some places, locals can remember local lakes and marshes which were once the homes for all kinds of fish and birds.     72     Farmers leave the land, and fields are replaced by deserts.

The second cause is misuse or over-use of the land.     73     Ploughing(耕) large fields and removing bushes and trees means that the wind will blow away the soil. Once the soil is lost, it is hard to replace, and if there is rain, it has nowhere to go, and brings no benefit.

    74     Every spring, the skies over some of eastern cities, thousands of kilometers away from the deserts, can be darkened by sandstorms. Dust from deserts can have a great effect on weather systems. While desertification is perhaps being partly caused by global warming, these sandstorms can make global warming worse by adding to what is known as the greenhouse effect.

What can be done to slow down or stop the process of desertification? A great deal of work is already under way. Obviously first steps are to find new water sources.     75     Some types of grass also hold the soil together, and stop the wind taking it. Without these efforts, it will be harder and harder to stop the world’s deserts in their tracks, and more and more farmers will give up and head for cities. The lesson to be learnt lies beneath the sand.

A. It generally arises from two related causes.

B. It is not only the farmers and villagers who suffer.

C. They have been completely buried by the sand now.

D. Scientists are doing the research on the cause of desertification.

E. They destroy the land, as the soil dries out and is then blown away.

F. Tree planting can help, by providing barriers between desert and rich field.

G. This means that the wrong crops are planted, and need more water than is available.

Scientists say they have developed the first technology of its kind to allow children with communication problems to converse better.

How was school today? is a software system to enable children with disabilities such as cerebral palsy （脑瘫） communicate faster. The system is the result of a project between computing scientists from the Universities of Dundee and Aberdeen and Capability Scotland.

Dr Ehud Reiter, from the University of Aberdeen's School of Natural and Computing Sciences said: "How was school today? uses sensors, swipe cards, and a recording device to gather information on what the child using the system has experienced at school that day.  This can then be turned into a story by the computer—using what is called natural language generation —which the pupils can then share when they get home. The system allows children to easily talk about their school day and to quickly answer questions."

For a child with severe motor disabilities or no speech, holding a conversation is often very difficult and limited to short one-to-two-word answers.

Pupils from Capability's Corseford School near Glasgow were the first to trial the new system. Sue Williams, headteacher at Corseford School, said: "In the week we used the system we found it very useful to pupils, teachers and parents alike. It allows children to take control of the conversation without having to rely on help from us."

Nicole Vallery and Rebecca Clelland were two of the pupils at Corseford to test the new software. Nicole, 11, said, “I was happy to take part in How was school today? It made me feel good about myself.” Rebecca said, “It was something different. I enjoyed it.”

Nicole's mum, Jan, said: "We really enjoyed using How was school today? and hearing Nicole's story. The programmer enabled her to talk easily and answer questions quickly, giving us a very detailed insight into her day."

Plans are now in place to examine how it could be used to support children with different levels and types of impairments（缺陷）.

1. What is probably the meaning of the underlined word “converse” in the first paragraph?

A．complete              B．communicate   C．control                        D．conduct

2. The following are part of How was school day? except ________.

A．sensors                 B．swipe cards    C．a reading device   D．a microphone

3. The software has been developed to ________.

A．solve communication problems

B．help gather information about school days

C．help to communicate faster

D．talk about the students’ school days

4. According to the passage, which of the following is not true?

A．How was school day? has gone into production.

B．Scientists plan to carry out further research into the system.

C．The system allows children to take control of the conversation.

D．The system makes pupils feel good about themselves.

5. Which of the following is the best title of this passage?

A．How was school day? Becoming Popular

B．A Software for Listening

C．A New Software Helping Communication Easier

D．A New Software for Pupils

The pursuit of lasting happiness has long been a subject of interest for scientists and surveys alike. But what makes us really happy and what lasting benefits does happiness have?

Well, earlier this month, scientists from the University of Illinois found the people who are happy and positive about life live longer. The researchers found "clear and compelling（引人注目的） evidence" that happiness is key when it comes to better health and longer lifespans（寿命）.

Last month a British study, which tracked members of 40,000 households across the country, concluded that eating a family meal at least three times a week is the key to happiness because it helps build a strong bond between parents and their children．

But happiness might be decided when you are born．Names can apparently predict how happy we are as individuals, with researchers at Manchester Metropolitan University claiming in 2009 that people called Judy and Joshua enjoy life the most．Ben, Andrew and Edward were seen as miserable names on the other hand．Married couples are most likely to be happy with their relationships, according to the study, which also found that the happiest relationships are those less than five years old between two university graduates who have no children．

Research has also suggested that happiness begins at 50．A study from Stony Brook University, New York, found that stress, anger and worry fade after you are fifty．Women were also reported to suffer greater stress, worry and sadness at all ages．

Money makes the world go round, but it is not the key to happiness, according to other studies．In 2008, a survey from the Office for National Statistics found that British families were healthier and twice as well off as they were 20 years ago, but are not happier．However, other studies have found money can buy you happiness after all, but only if you spend it wisely．Indeed, that might be why a good holiday can boost your happiness levels "for up to two months’ although the break has to be "very relaxing” to have such an effect．

1．How many researches or surveys are mentioned in this passage?

　 A．3．　　　　 　 B．4．　　　　　 C．5．　　　 　　 D．6．

2．Which of the following statements is NOT TRUE according to the text?

　 A．Happiness is key of better health and longer lifespan．

　 B．Happy people are living longer．

　 C．Happiness was decided when you were born．

　 D．Money is not the key to happiness．

3．What can we learn from the text?

　 A．Eating a family meal at least three times a week brings happiness to children．

　 B．Married couples are happier than those unmarried．

　 C．Doing physical activity can boost your happiness．

　 D．Women were reported to suffer greater stress at all ages．

4．What is the best title of the passage?

　 A．The Pursuit of Happiness．

　 B．Happiness And Its Benefits．

　 C．The Relationship Between Happiness And Long Life．

　 D．The Importance of Happiness．

ROME: The legend of Leonardo da Vinci is covered in mystery: How did he die? Are the remains buried in a French castle really those of the master? Was the "Mona Lisa" a self-portrait in disguise (伪装)?

A group of Italian scientists believe the key to solving those puzzles lies with the remains, and they say they are seeking permission to dig up the body to conduct carbon and DNA testing.

If the skull is undamaged, the scientists can go to the heart of a question that has fascinated scholars and the public for centuries: the identity of the "Mona Lisa." Recreating a virtual and then physical reconstruction of Leonardo's face, they can compare it with the smiling face in the painting.

"We don't know what we'll find if the tomb is opened. We could even just find grains and dust," says Giorgio Gruppioni, an anthropologist who is participating in the project. "But if the remains are well kept, they are a biological record of events in a person's life, and sometimes in their death." Silvano Vinceti, the leader of the group, said that he plans to press his case with the French officials in charge of the said burial site at Amboise Castle early next week.

Leonardo moved to France at the invitation of King Francis I, who named him "first painter to the king." He spent the last three years of his life there, and died in 1519 at age 67. The artist's original burial place, the palace church of Saint Florentine, was destroyed during the French Revolution and remains that are believed to be his were eventually reburied in the Saint-Hubert Chapel near the castle.

"The Amboise tomb is a symbolic tomb; it's a big question mark," said Alessandro Vezzosi, the director of a museum dedicated to Leonardo in his hometown of Vinci. Vezzosi said that investigating the tomb could help identify the artist's bones with certainty and solve other questions, such as the cause of his death. He said he asked to open the tomb in 2004 to study the remains, but the Amboise Castle turned him down.

The group of 100 experts involved in the project, called the National Committee for Historical and Artistic Heritage, was created in 2003 with the aim of "solving the great mysteries of the past," said Vinceti, who has written books on art and literature.

Arguably the world's most famous painting, the "Mona Lisa" hangs in the Louvre in Paris, where it drew some 8.5 million visitors last year. Mystery has surrounded the identity of the painting's subject for centuries, with opinions ranging from the wife of a Florentine merchant to Leonardo's own mother.

That Leonardo intended the "Mona Lisa" as a self-portrait in disguise is a possibility that has interested and divided scholars. Theories have existed: Some think that Leonardo's taste for tricks and riddles might have led him to hide his own identity behind that puzzling smile; others have guessed that the painting hid an androgynous lover.

If granted access to the grave site, the Italian experts plan to use a tiny camera and radar to confirm the presence of bones. The scientists would then exhume (挖掘) the remains and attempt to date the bones with carbon testing.

At the heart of the proposed study is the effort to discover whether the remains are actually Leonardo's, including with DNA testing.

Vezzosi questions the DNA comparison, saying he is unaware of any direct descendants (后代) of Leonardo or of tombs that could be attributed with certainty to the artist's close relatives.

Gruppioni said that DNA from the bones could also eventually be compared to DNA found elsewhere. For example, Leonardo is thought to have rubbed colors on the canvas with his thumb, possibly using saliva (唾液), meaning DNA might be found on his paintings.

Even in the absence of DNA testing, other tests could provide useful information, including whether the bones belonged to a man or a woman, and whether the person died young or old.

Even within the committee, experts are divided over the identity of the "Mona Lisa."

Vinceti believes that a tradition of considering the self-portrait to be not just a faithful imitation of one's features but a representation of one's spiritual identity may have resonated (共鸣) with Leonardo.

Vezzosi, the museum director, dismissed as "baseless and senseless" the idea that the "Mona Lisa" could be a self-portrait of Leonardo. He said most researchers believe the woman may have been either a wife of the artist's sponsor, the Florentine nobleman Giuliano de Medici, or Lisa Gherardini, the wife of a rich silk merchant, Francesco del Giocondo. The traditional view is that the name "Mona Lisa" comes from the silk merchant's wife, as well as its Italian name: "La Gioconda."  

   Where is this passage most probably taken from?

    A. A magazine.  B. A newspaper. C. A textbook.      D. A research report.

   Why does the author ask a couple of questions in the beginning?

    A. To arouse the interest of readers.   B. To puzzle Italian scientists.

    C. To answer the questions himself.     D. To make fun of French officials.

   The best title of this story might be “_____”.

    A. What Is the Purpose of an Investigation?

    B. How Did Leonardo da Vinci Die in France?

    C. Are the Remains Really Those of the Master?

    D. Did Leonardo Paint Himself as 'Mona Lisa'?

The sentence “he plans to press his case with the French officials” (underlined in Paragraph 4) suggests that Vinceti intends to _____.

    A. press the French officials to participate in their project

    B. urge the French officials to open the tomb early next week

    C. persuade the French officials to allow opening the tomb

    D. record events in a person’s life with the French officials

   Which of the following statements is true according to the passage?

    A. Scholars have the same opinion on DNA testing.

    B. Scientists doubt if the remains are those of da Vinci.

    C. The identity of “Mona Lisa” has already been proved.

    D. Alessandro Vezzosi got permission to open the tomb.

   We can infer from the last two paragraphs that _____?

    A. “Mona Lisa” is the name of the wife of a silk merchant

    B. the “Mona Lisa” is a self-portrait of Leonardo da Vinci

    C. experts divided the committee into several groups

    D. opinions differ of the identity of the “Mona Lisa”