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A proverb(谚语) is a short 、well-known saying that expresses a common truth or belief. Proverbs are popular around the world. Many proverbs give advice on how to live. Some proverbs are hundreds of years old, but they are still used today.
For example, my son is just like his father in many ways. We often say the two of them prove the proverb that the apple does not fall far from the tree.
My daughter is very short. She would like to be taller. But I tell her that good things come in small packages. Some valuable things are very small, like diamonds and other jewels. But I also tell my children that all that glitters is not gold. Something may look valuable, but may not really be valuable. Also, I tell them do not judge a book by its cover. You should not judge something only by its appearance.
Sometimes I tell my children to cooperate to solve a problem. After all, two heads are better than one. But another proverb says too many cooks spoil （弄坏） the soup. If too many people try to do something, then the job will not be done well.
I also tell my children that two wrongs do not make a right. You should not do something bad just because someone did the same to you.
Some people are pessimists while other people are optimists（乐观派）. Pessimists always think about how bad things are or will be; optimists might say that every cloud has a silver lining（衬里） and they always look on the bright side. Other people are both pessimists and optimists. They hope for the best and prepare for the worst.
Some people often worry about what they will do in a situation that might happen in the future. We could tell them do not cross that bridge until you come to it.
It is usually much better to prevent a problem from happening than to find ways to solve it. So we say an ounce（盎司） of prevention is worth a pound of cure.
1. The author often comforts（安慰） her daughter with the proverb that ____.
A. The apple doesn’t fall far from the tree.
B. Good things come in small packages
C. Too many cooks spoil the soup
D. Two heads are better than one
2. If someone says “two heads are better than one”, he means____.
A. jobs will be done better if two work together
B. a problem will be solved easily by many people
C. jobs won’t be done well if there are too many people
D. you can’t do something bad even if someone else does it
3. The underlined word “pessimists” in the sixth paragraph refers to those people_____.
A. who always look on the bright side
B. who always expect bad things to happen
C. who are always full of hope for the future
D. who always make preparations for the worst
4. Which of the following are optimists likely to say?
A. An ounce of prevention is worth a pound of cure
B. We hope for the best and prepare for the worst
C. Don’t cross the bridge until you come to it.
D. Every cloud has a silver lining
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阅读下面短文，从A、B、C、D四个选项中，选出最佳答案。
A person may have an idea about himself that will prevent him from doing good work．
He may have the idea that he is not capable (有能力的) of it． It is easy to get such an idea even though there is no justification for it． A child may think he is stupid because he does not understand how to make the most of his mental abilities, or he may accept another person's mistaken opinion of his ability． Older people may be handicapped by the mistaken belief that they are incapable of learning anything new because of their age．
A person who believes that he is incapable will not make a real effort, because he feels that it would be useless． He won't go at a job with the confidence (自信) necessary for success, and he won't work hardest, even though he may think he is doing so． He is therefore likely to fail, and the failure will strengthen his belief in his lack of ability．
Alfred Adler, a famous psychiatrist (精神病医生), had an experience that illustrates this． When he was a small boy he got off to a poor start in math． His teacher got the idea that he had no ability in math, and told his parents what she thought in order that they would not expect too much of him． In this way, they too developed the idea, “Isn't it too bad that Alfred can't do math?” He accepted their mistaken opinion of his ability, felt that it was useless to try, and was very poor at math, just as they expected．
One day he became very angry at the teacher and other students because they laughed when he said he saw how to do a math problem which none of the other students had been able to solve．
Adler succeeded in solving the problem． This gave him confidence． He rejected the idea that he couldn’t do math and was determined to show them that he could． His anger and his new found confidence encouraged him to work at math problems with a new spirit． He now worked with interest, determination, and purpose, and he soon became extraordinarily good at math． He not only proved that he could do math, but he learned early in life from his own experience that, if a person goes at a job with determination and purpose, he may astonish himself as well as others by his ability．
This experience made him realize that many people have more ability than they think they have． And that lack of success is as often the result of lack of confidence and lack of determination as it is the result of lack of ability．
1．The word “justification” most probably means________．
[ ]
2．What is the main idea of this passage?
[ ]
A．The basic laws in doing math problems．
B．All successes are caused by purpose．
C．Our ideas do not always have any influence on us．
D．Our ideas about ourselves may have a negative influence．
3．What does Alfred Adler's story tell us?
[ ]
A．Math is actually very easy to learn．
B．Anybody can become a mathematician, if he has determination．
C．Many people have more ability than they think they have．
D．Most teachers are wrong when they evaluate their students．
4．Why did he become angry one day?
[ ]
A．Because he was very poor at math．
B．Because they challenged him to do a difficult math problem．
C．Because he couldn’t solve the math problem．
D．Because the teacher and other students laughed at him．
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