阅读下面短文，从A、B、C对四个选项中选出最佳选项。

　　In history，a real cowboy was a simple farm worker on horseback．He spent a long time a day outdoors working with cows ．The work was dirty，tiring and not very well paid．

　　People in the western。states had to 　1　 cattle at low cost and send them by railway to the eastern 　2　 ．But someone had to 　3　 the cattle and get them to the nearest railroad．This was the job of a cowboy．Sometimes the 　4　 was more than a thousand Kilometers away and it could take as 　5　 as six months to move the cattle．The　6　 was long but the cattle were driven 　7　 as not to lose 　8　．Then they could be sold at a good price．

　　Most cowboys were young，　9　 men．A good horse 　10　 their job of moving cattle much easier．A good cowboy 　11　 cows and knew how to control them．At night，he 　12　 to the cows to keep them calm．

　　In the late 1800s，America was changing from a nation of farm to one of 　13　 and cities．The cowboy seemed 　14　 compared with other Americans doing ordinary jobs．

　　Today，the 　15　 of cowboys has 　16　 greatly．One change is the use of trucks．

　　The job is not so hard 　17　 it used to be．And cowboys are better 　18　 now．They are 　19　 to be married．Some of them are farmers teachers or truck drivers．Some work for big companies．　20　 at night and on weekends，they become cowboys．These part-time cowboys increase the total production of meat，keeping the beef price low．

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A Battery’s Worst Nightmare(噩梦)
Portable electronics that can be carried about easily are only as good as their batteries and, let’s face it, batteries aren’t very good, especially when compared with, say, petrol, which packs 100 times a battery’s energy into an equal space. That’s why a large group of mechanical engineers (centered at the Massachusetts Institute of Technology, but with partners at other universities and companies) are hard at work in an effort to replace batteries with a tiny engine that runs on fuel. Imagine a battery-free life!When the fuel runs out in your laptop or mobile phone, you just fill up and go.
The engine, about the size of a ten-cent coin, starts with a combustion chamber (燃烧室) that burns hydrogen (氢). Its tiny parts are etched onto silicon wafers (硅片) in the same manner that computer parts are imprinted onto integrated circuits (集成电路). The first engine is made up of five wafers. And since these wafers could be produced in much the same way as computer chips, they could probably be produced quite cheaply.
But the devil in all this nice detail is efficiency(效率). Tiny engine parts don’t always behave like their scaled-up parts of the first engine. Something between the parts can slow down the work, according to Columbia University professor Luc Frechette, one of the engine’s designers. Extreme heat from the combustion chamber is also a problem, often leaking to other parts of the engine.
The scientists’ goal is to create an engine that will operate 10 times better than batteries do. Frechette says that a complete system, with all parts in place and working, will be set up in the next couple of years, but commercial models aren’t available until at least the end of the next ten years. 
【小题1】.
. According to the passage, the title suggests that ________.

完形填空

　　All kinds of people came in to have their shoes shined. Most folks were friendly. But this man was different.

　　“How much do you make a week, boy?”he asked me. I felt he was __1__ at me.

　　He kept giving a sharp __2__ around every now and then. All the time I kept __3__ where I'd seen his face. Suddenly I knew. I'd seen his __4__ in the post office many times. He was the big robber: __5__ by the police in three states!

　　“You know, ”he was saying,“it's imagination people __6__. You'll never get anywhere as a shoeshine boy.”

　　I kept brushing on his shoes as __7__ as I could. The sooner I finished, the better. He said,“When I was sixteen, I had __8__ $ 2 500 of my own.”

　　That reminded me of something. Was it $ 2 500 or $ 5 000 or $ 25 000? I wasn't __9__. I knew a big reward was __10__ for him.

　　But what could I do about it? __11__ him with a can of shoe polish（擦亮剂）? A man his __12__ could grind（压碎）me into the floor. If only someone would come in! He kept talking away（喋喋不休）.“Along with __13__, it takes courage. The courage to take a chance. Start something on a shoestring（鞋带）.”

　　Suddenly I saw Officer Dailey __14__ across the street. Then, real fast, I began tightening the man's shoestrings.

　　The policeman was at the window when I cried out,“Officer Dailey, __15__! This man's a robber.”

　　“__16__,”the man shouted angrily. He started to jump off the stand. But he didn't go the __17__ he planned. He fell flat on his face and knocked himself out cold.

　　“That was __18__ clever of you,”the officer said. “You'll get a reward of $ 7 500 for him.”

　　“Well, it really wasn't my __19__,”I said.“It was his. He told me that __20__ you had courage and imagination, you could start something big on a shoestring.”

Once upon a time，there was a father and a son.The son was very rude and often hurt others’feelings with bitter words.So he had no friends and got more and more fretful(烦躁的)day by day.The father had been trying to persuade him to change his bad manner but father’s efforts made no difference on the wild son.

One day，the father got an idea.He set up a wooden board and called his son over and gave him a hammer and a box of nails.He told the young man to hammer a nail every time when he had a quarrel.The son did so.After a day，he himself saw the board was filled with nails whose quantity was so huge which looked so ugly that he was shocked and finally made up his mind to be a nice guy.The father suggested he pull out one nail every time when he checked his bad temper and avoided talking impolitely.He did that.When the last nail was drawn out the son was so excited that he couldn’t help showing the board to his father.However，his cheer trailed_away and slowly he grew frustrated(沮丧的)while he was staring at the board which was actually as disagreeable as a water?sapped (被水侵蚀的)stone deep on the seabed.The father pointed to the holes left in the board and told him that sometimes the hurt just like the holes stuck in one’s mind forever.The boy cried and regretted being such an impudent(轻浮的)guy.Since then，he was polite and kind and made a lot of friends，and turned happily.

1．Many people didn’t like the son because he used to ________ them.

A．beat 　　　　　B．hurt　　　　　　 C．fight with 　　 D．laugh at

2．At first the son was ________ to listen to his father.

A．happy 　　　　 B．sorry　　　　　　 C．ready 　　　　　D．unwilling

3．Why did the father tell his son to hammer a nail?

A．Because his son had nothing to do.

B．Because his son liked to have a quarrel.

C．In order to change his son’s bad manner.

D．In order to love his son.

4．What does the underlined phrase“trailed down”mean?

A．减弱 　　　　　B．放过 　　　　　 C．抛开 　　　　 D．出轨

5．What’s the best title of the passage?

A．The Father and the Son　　　　　　　 B．The Son Had Quarrels with Others

C．A Great Father　　　　　　　　　　　 D．How a Father Taught His Son

The position of children in American family and society is no longer what is used to be. The 36 family in colonial(殖民时期的) North America was mainly concerned with survival and 37 that, its own economic prosperity. Thus, children were 38 in terms of their productivity(生产能力), and they played the role of producer quite early. 39 they fulfilled this role, their position in the family was one of subordination(附属).

With the 40 of the society, the position of children in the family and in the society became more important. In the complex and technological society 41 the United Stated has become, each 42 must fulfill a number of personal and occupational 43 and be in contact with many other member. 44 , viewing children as necessary members of society means that they are 45 more as people in their own right than as those of subordination. This acceplance of children as 46 participants in the family is reflected in various laws 47 the rights of children and in the social and public welfare programs.

This new 48 of children and the frequent contact between the members of society has also 49 an increasing interest in child-raising techniques. People today spend much time 50 the proper way to 　51 children.

Nowadays, the socialization of the child in the United States is a 52 transaction(事务) between parent and child 53 a one-way, parent-to-child training 54 . As a consequence, socializing children and 55 with them over a long period of time is for parents a mixture of pleasure, satisfaction, and problems.

36. A. poor　　　　　 B. ordinary　　　　 C. happy　　　　　　 D. wealthy

37. A. except　　　　 B. for　　　　　　　 C. beyond　 　　　　　D. through

38. A. supported　　　 B. received　　　　 C. encouraged　　　　 D. valued

39. A. Until　　　　　 B. After　　　　　 C. Although　　　　　 D. When

40. A. movement　　 B. achievement　　　 C. development　　　　 D. requirement

41. A. that　　　　　 B. where　　　　　 C. when　　　　　　　 D. what

42. A. parent　　　　 B. member　　　　　 C. family　　　　　　 D. relative

43. A. purposes　　　 B. promises　　　　 C. roles　　　　　　　 D. tasks

44. A. Besides　　　　 B. However　　　　 C. Instead　　　　　　 D. Therefore

45. A. admired　　　　 B. regarded　　　　 C. made　　　　　　　 D. respected

46. A. willing　　　　 B. equal　　　　　　 C. similar　　　　　　 D. common

47. A. enjoying　　　　 B. preventing　　　 C. considering　　　　　 D. protecting

48. A. view　　　　　 B. faith　　　　　　 C. world　　　　　　　 D. study

49. A. led in　　　　　 B. brought in　　　　 C. resulted in　　　　　 D. taken in

50. A. seeking　　　　 B. making　　　　　 C. fighting　　 　　　　D. working

51. A. nurse　　　　　 B. praise　　　　　 C. understand　　　　　 D. raise

52. A. one-sided　　　 B. many-sided　　　 C. round-way　　　　　 D. two-way

53. A. more than　　　 B. rather than　　　　 C. better than　　　　　 D. less than

54. A. manner　　　　 B. method　　　　　 C. program　　　　　　 D. guide

55. A. talking　　　　　 B. living　　　　　　 C. playing　　　　　　　 D. discussing