Heavy downpours last month in Rhode Island led to widespread flooding, causing millions of dollars in property damage and leaving thousands homeless. The floodwaters also poured vast amounts of raw sewage (污水) into the rivers and streams that flow into Narragansett Bay.

It sounds like the makings of an environmental nightmare, but in fact it’s just the opposite. To scientists’ delight, the sewage-loaded floodwaters have caused a well-timed growth of phytoplankton, the microscopic creatures that form the foundation of marine food chains. With more food available for fish, clams and other sea creatures, the bay’s fisheries industry is expected to benefit.

In decades past, Narragansett Bay typically experienced a late winter/early spring algal (海藻) bloom that fed creatures up and down the water column. But in recent years, the waters of Narragansett Bay have warmed greatly, interrupting this seasonal event.

Mark Berman, an oceanographer with the National Marine Fisheries Service, said the flood seemed to have sent the bay back to its normal state.

However, local, state and federal officials in Rhode Island have been battling other algal blooms that, by contrast, are causing widespread harm to the Narragansett Bay ecosystem. During summer months, sewage and agricultural runoff flows into the bay, causing large blooms. But instead of becoming food for sea creatures, much of the phytoplankton is consumed by bacteria, which grow fast in the warmer waters. The rapid bacteria growth leads to hypoxia – a decrease of oxygen in the water that can cause large fish kills. One such die-off occurred in 2003, when millions of oxygen-starved fish washed up on the beaches of Narragansett Bay.

The flood’s positive impact will probably be a one-time event, Mr. Berman said. Meanwhile, efforts to curb the harmful summer blooms continue; in 2008, for instance, Providence completed a $359 million sewage tunnel under the city designed to reduce the polluted storm overflow into Narragansett Bay.

1. Scientists believe that the raw sewage flowing into the bay will _______.

2.The potential benefit of fisheries industry relies on the _______.

3. People struggle against the summer blooms because they will ________.

4.It can be inferred that _______.

5. The underlined word “curb” in the last paragraph can be defined as “______”.

   Will it matter if you don't have your breakfast? A short time ago, a test was given in the United States. People of different ages, from 12 to 83, were asked to have a test. During the test, these people were given all kinds of breakfasts, and sometimes they got no breakfast at all. Scientists wanted to see how well their bodies worked when they had different kinds of breakfasts.

   The rules show that if a person eats a right breakfast, he or she will work better than if he or she has no breakfast. If a student has fruit , eggs, bread and milk before going to school ,he or she will learn more quickly and listen more carefully in class.

   The result is opposite to what some people think. Having no breakfast will not help them lose weight. This is because they are so hungry at noon that eat too much for lunch. They will gain weight instead of losing it. You will lose weight if you reduce your other meals.

1.During the test, the people were given _________.

    A. no breakfast at all          B. different breakfast or sometimes none

    C. very rich breakfast         D. little food for breakfast

2.Scientists wanted to know whether __________

    A. breakfast had any effect on work and studies.  B. people were interested in breakfast

    C. breakfast did harm to people’s health        D. people would work better without breakfast

3. According to the passage, some people think without breakfast they will ____

    A. lose weight                B. get a good result in their work

    C. gain weight                D. not be hungry at all.

4. Which of the following sciences is not right?

   A. It is bad for your health to have no breakfast.

   B. No breakfast and more lunch may make you fatter.

   C. The more breakfast you have, the more quickly you will learn in class.

   D. If you don't eat much for lunch and supper, you may lose weight.

We hear that they will ________ a new school here.

1. A.
   set down
2. B.
   set up
3. C.
   set off
4. D.
   set out

Almost every child is scared of something, from monsters in the cupboard to dogs in the park. But the fact that such fears are common and normal doesn’t mean they can be taken lightly. Kids experience fears and phobias (恐惧症) much more strongly than adults. And the influence of the fear can be physical as well as psychological (心理的). It can build up so they almost seem scared of everything-a kind of childhood anxiety. Dr. Creswell says:"Your child may always seem to expect the worst to happen and lack confidence in his or her ability to deal with any challenge.” So don’t make the same old mistake of treating them as if they’re silly for being “a scared cat”（胆小鬼）. Handing the fears is essential.

Children can be born nervous and., if you have such a baby, you’ll tend to prevent them from getting worried. So if they fear dogs, you’ll keep them away from dogs, but in fact that can just confirm to the child that dogs are scary. What is worse, keeping your child away from what they fear can turn that feeling into a phobia. Instead, you should encourage them to get in touch with the thing they fear, in a safe and supportive environment. Dr. Andy Field, a researcher of childhood fears, says: “You shouldn’t force, for example, a dog anxious child to go up to a dog. But you can approach it yourself, show them there is nothing to be afraid of, stroke (抚摸) it, and talk about the dog being friendly. Once your child dares to stroke a dog-one that’s good with children, of course-then you should encourage them to carry on until they feel calmer, and reward them for ‘being brave’.”

Children’s fears are usually taken lightly because     .

A. they will not develop into phobias

B. their influence is psychological

C. they exist widely in the world

D. they will disappear gradually

If we fail to help children to overcome fears, they will    .

A. make the same old mistake

B. overcome them by themselves

C. experience the worst of things

D. grow up lacking self-confidence

According to Dr. Andy Field, if a child is afraid of a cat, parents should     .

A. tell the child not to be afraid of it 

B. show the child how to approach it

C. keep the child away from it

D. ask the child to stroke it

Almost every child is scared of something,from monsters in the cupboard to dogs in the park.But the fact that such fears are common and normal doesn’t mean they can be taken lightly.Kids experience fears and phobias(恐惧症) much more strongly than adults.And the influence of the fear can be physical as well as psychological(心理的).It can build up so they almost seem scared of everything—a kind of childhood anxiety.Dr.Creswell says:“Your child may always seem to expect the worst to happen and lack confidence in his or her ability to deal with any challenge.”So don’t make the same old mistake of treating them as if they’re silly for being a “scaredy cat”.Handling the fears is essential.

Children can be born nervous and,if you have such a baby,you’ll tend to prevent them from getting worried.So if they fear dogs,you’ll keep them away from dogs,but in fact that can just confirm to the child that dogs are scary.What is worse,keeping your child away from what they fear can turn that feeling into a phobia.Instead,you should encourage them to get in touch with the thing they fear,in a safe and supportive environment.Dr.Andy Field,a researcher of childhood fears,says:“You shouldn’t force,for example,a dog—anxious child to go up to a dog.But you can approach it yourself,show them there is nothing to be afraid of,stroke(抚摸) it,and talk about the dog being friendly.Once your child dares to stroke a dog—one that’s good with children,of course—then you should encourage them to carry on until they feel calmer,and reward them for ‘being brave’.”

1.Children’s fears are usually taken lightly because ______.

A.they will not develop into phobias

B.their influence is psychological

C.they exist widely in the world

D.they will disappear gradually

2.If we fail to help children to overcome fears,they will ______.

A.make the same old mistake

B.overcome them by themselves

C.experience the worst of things

D.grow up lacking self-confidence

3.According to Dr.Andy Field,if a child is afraid of a cat,parents should ______.

A.tell the child not to be afraid of it

B.show the child how to approach it

C.keep the child away from it

D.ask the child to stoke it