第三部分：阅读理解 (共15小题；每小题2分，共30分)
阅读下列短文，从每题所给的四个选项（A、B、C和D）中，选出最佳选项，并在答题卡上将该项涂黑。
Who decides how English is spoken around the world? Do teachers in the colleges and schools? What about those who write dictionaries or books? Do they decide what is good and what is bad English? Or do governments decide when a language will change? Probably you have thought about this question once or twice before. The answer is that none of these people decide how English will be spoken. Believe it or not, many of the biggest changes in how English is spoken have come from common people in the streets. And one of the most important places where English has changed is on the playground! These playground can be any place where young people meet, such as a sports field or a beach. For example, black kids invented many new words in American English as they played basketball or music. Often words used by black kids in the big cities become popular with other kids many years later. Another popular sport, baseball, has also given many words and expressions to American English. On the beaches of southern California, teenagers invented words to describe how they felt when they surfed. These words found their way into the high schools and then to other places. Similar changes in English happened among young people in Ireland and Australia. Children from one group would find ways to play with children of another group more easily. Often they made new words just to develop an identity different from their parents.
56. Who decides how English is spoken?
A. Governments        B. Teachers       C. Ordinary people    D. Black kids
57. According to the passage many English words come from ______.
A. everyday life        B. textbooks       C. dictionaries        D. baseballs
58. Why do these kids invent new words?
A. because they want to make up a dictionary.
B. because they try to beat their teachers.    
C. because they are asked to do so.
D. because they want to feel different from their parents

If you live in the United States, you can’t have a full-time job until you are 16 years old. At 14 or 15, you work part-time after school or on weekends, and during summer vacation you can work 40 hours each week. Does all that mean that if you are younger than 14, you can’t make your own money? Of course not! Kids from 10-13 years of age can make money by doing lots of things.

Valerie, 11, told us that she made money by cleaning up other people’s yards. Lena, 13, makes money by knitting(织) dog sweaters and selling them to her neighbors. Reisa said she had started taking art classes and showing her works to people. People ask her to draw pictures for them and they pay her for them. Jasmine. 13, writes articles for different magazines!

Kids can learn lots of things from making money. By working to make your own money, you are learning the skills you will need in life. These skills can include things like how to get along with others, how to use technology and how to use your time wisely. Some people think that asking for money is a lot easier than making it; however, if you can make your own money, you don’t have to depend on anyone else. The five dollars that you make will probably make you feel a lot better than the twenty dollars you ask for.

1. Kids can have full-time jobs at the age of______ in the USA.

A. 17        B.15           C. 14           D. 13

2. If you are 15 years old, you can’t work part-time______.

    A. after school             B. on weekends

    C. during school time       D. during summer vacation

3. Riesa makes money by_______.

   A. cleaning up other people’s yard               B. drawing pictures for others

   C. writing articles for different magazines        D. knitting dog sweaters.

4.According to the passage, which of the following is NOT true?

   A. The writer thinks kids from 10-13 years of age can make money too.

   B. Kids can learn how to use their time wisely by making money.

   C. Kids don’t need to get along with others when making money.

   D. Kids can learn skills if they try to make money on their own.

Are you tired of looking for love in all the usual places? Nowadays, millions of lonely singles are now going online instead. The World Wide Web is quickly becoming the world’s most popular matchmaker. With so many singles online, dozens of dating sites like Yahoo Personals and Match. com are helping singles find that special someone. Around the world, from America to China, love is now very much online.

Singles are flocking to the Internet mainly because their busy lifestyles leave them little time to look for a significant other. Using dating sites is quick and convenient. They can “meet” a lot more people online than they could by hanging out at a club. Besides, many singles say the regular dating scene has just led them from one bad experience to another and are ready to try something else. They also appreciate the first distance of online dating, which allows them to hide themselves until they are ready to meet someone face to face. Dating sites also make it easy to avoid someone you are not interested in. In the real world, however, ignoring some one you don’t like can be embarrassing.

Despite all the advantages, online dating also presents its own set of problems. People aren’t always who they claim to be in their online profiles. For instance, someone who tells you he is “ handsome, successful and single” might turn out to be homely, unemployed and married. Safety is another concern. You are just as likely to find a criminal online as you are Mr. or Miss Right.

Even so, supporters of online dating see things in a positive way. In their opinion, singles can safely play the online dating game with a little common sense. Online dating experts recommend following a few safety tips:

Guard you personal information. Never give out your personal information online. This includes your last name, phone number , home address and place of work.

Watch for red flags. Do any of the people your are chatting with make disrespectful comment? Do they try to control you? Do they give false information about themselves? If so, forget them!

Meet in a safe place. When meeting someone in person, choose a public location with other people around. Following these tips and you might be able to find the person of your dreams.

Title: Online dating

A person named Bernard Jackson today is a free man, but he has many bitter memories. He spent five years in prison after a jury (陪审团) wrongly convicted (判处……有罪) him of raping two women. At Jackson’s trial, although two witnesses testified that Jackson was with them in another location at the time of the crime, he was convicted anyway. Why? The jury believed the testimony (证词) of the two victims, who positively identified Jackson as the man who had attacked them. The court eventually freed Jackson after the police found the real criminal.
Many factors influence the accuracy of eyewitness testimony. For instance, witnesses sometimes see photographs of several suspects before they try to identify the person they saw in a group of people. They can become confused by seeing many photographs of similar faces. The number of people in the group, and whether it is a person or a photograph, may also affect a witness’s decision. People sometimes have difficulty identifying people of other races. The questions the police ask witnesses also have an effect on them.
Many people believe that police officers are more reliable than ordinary people. Psychologists decided to test this idea, and they discovered that it is not true. Two psychologists showed a film of crimes to both police officers and civilians. The psychologists found no difference between the police and the civilians in correctly remembering the details of the crimes.
Despite all the possibilities for inaccuracy, courts cannot leave out eyewitness testimony from a trial. American courts depend almost completely on eyewitness testimony to resolve (决定) court cases. Sometimes it is the only evidence to a crime, such as rape. Furthermore, eyewitness testimony is often correct. Although people do sometimes make mistakes, and convict innocent people, more importantly, eyewitness testimony has rightly convicted a larger number of guilty people.
American courts depend on the ability of the twelve jurors, and not the judges, to determine the accuracy of the witness’s testimony. It is their responsibility to decide if a certain witness could actually see, hear and remember what happened.
【小题1】Bernard Jackson was found guilty and sentenced 5 years’ prison because          .

A．it can be relied on to detect criminals in all cases.

B．it is sometimes the only way to resolve court cases.

C．it is sometimes the only clue for police investigation.

D．it is more reliable than physical evidences to a crime.

Do you know of anyone who uses the truth to deceive (欺骗)? When someone tells you something that is true, but leaves out important information that should be included, he can give you a false picture.

For example, some might say, “I just won a hundred dollars on the lottery (彩票). It was great. I took that dollar ticket back to the store and turned it in for one hundred dollars!”

This guy’s a winner, right? Maybe, maybe not. We then discover that he bought $200 worth of tickets, and only one was a winner. He’s really a big loser!

He didn’t say anything that was false, but he left out important information on purpose. That’s called a half-truth. Half-truths are not technically lies, but they are just as dishonest.

Some politicians often use this trick. Let’s say that during Governor Smith’s last term, her state lost one million jobs and gained three million jobs. Then she seeks another term. One of her opponents(对手) says, “During Governor Smith’s term, the state lost one million jobs!” that’s true. However, and honest statement would have been, “During Governor Smith’s term, the state had a net gain of two million jobs.”

Advertisers(广告商) will sometimes use half-truths. It’s against the law to make false statements so they try to mislead you with the truth. An advertisement might say, “Nine out of ten doctors advised their patients to take Yucky Pills to cure toothache.” It fails to mention that they only asked ten doctors and nine of them work for the Yucky Company.

This kind of deception happens too of often. It’s a sad fact of life: Lies are lies, and sometimes the truth can lie as well.

1.How much did the lottery winner lose?

2.We may infer that the author believes people should _______.

3.What do the underline words “net gain” in Paragraph 5 mean?

4.What can we know from the example of the Yucky Pill advertisement?