In Japan many workers who work in large corporations have a guarantee of lifetime employment. During their employment, they will not be laid off during recessions(经济萧条) or when the tasks they perform are taken over by robots. To some observers, this is what they call capitalism at its best, because workers are treated as people not things. Others see it as necessarily inefficient and they also believe it cannot continue if Japan is to remain competitive with foreign corporations by being more concerned about profits and less concerned about people.
　　Defenders of the system argue that those who call it inefficient do not understand how it really works. In the first place not every Japanese worker has the guarantee of a lifetime job. The lifetime employment system includes only “regular employees”. Many employees are not included in this category, including all women. All businesses have many part-time and temporary employees. These workers are hired and laid off during the course of the business cycle just as employees in the United States are. These “irregular workers” make up about 10 percent of the non-agricultural work force. Additionally, Japanese firms keep some flexibility through the large-scale use of subcontractors（转承包者）. This practice is much more common in Japan than in the United States.
　　The use of both subcontractors and temporary workers has increased remarkably in Japan since the 1974-1975 recessions. All this leads some people to argue that the Japanese system is not all that different from the American system. During recessions Japanese corporations lay off temporary workers and give less business to subcontractors. In the United States, corporations lay off those workers with the least seniority(资历). The difference then is probably less than the term “lifetime employment” suggests, but there still is a difference. And this difference cannot be understood without looking at the values of Japanese society. The relationship between employer and employee cannot be explained in purely contractual(合同的) terms. Firms hold on to the employees and employees stay with one firm. There are also practical reasons for not jumping from job to job. Most retirement benefits come from the employer. Changing jobs means losing these benefits. Also, teamwork is an essential part of Japanese production. Moving to a new firm means adapting to a different team and at least temporarily, possessing lower productivity and lower pay.
61.It is stated in the second paragraph that ____.
　　A. defenders themselves do not appreciate the system
　　B. about 90% of “irregular workers” are employed in agriculture
　　C. the business cycle occurs more often in Japan and in the U.S.
　　D. not all employees can benefit from the policy
62. During recessions those who are to be fired first in the U.S. corporations are ____.
　　A. regular employees                   B. part-time workers
C. junior employees                     D. temporary workers
63. According to the passage, Japanese firms are remarkably different from American firms in that the former ____.
　　A. use subcontractors in larger amount
　　B. are less flexible in terms of lifetime employment
　　C. hold on to the values of society
　　D. are more efficient in competition than the latter
64. Which of the following does NOT account for the fact that a Japanese worker is unwilling to change his job?
　　A. He will probably be low-paid.
　　B. He will not be able to possess some job benefits.
　　C. He has got used to the teamwork.
　　D. He will be looked down upon by his prospective employer.
65. Which of the following can be the best title for this passage?
A. The guarantee of employment in Japan
B. The consequence of the Japanese system
C. The advantages of lifetime employment in Japan
D. The expectations of capitalism

完形填空（共15小题；每小题2分，满分30分）
阅读下面短文，掌握其大意，然后从16－30各题所给的四个选项(A、B、C和D）中，选出最佳选项，并在答题卡上将该项涂黑。
Jenkins was a jeweller, who had made a large diamond ring worth ￡57,000 for the Silkstone Jewellery Shop. When it was ready, he made a copy of it which looked ___16__ like the first one but was worth only￡2,000. This he took to the shop, which accepted it without a question.
　　Jenkins gave the much more 17__ ring to his wife for her fortieth birthday. Then, the husband and wife __18__ to Paris for a weekend. As to the __19__ ring, the shop sold it for￡60,000.
　　Six months later the buyer __20__it back to Silkstone's office. "It's a faulty diamond,"he said. "It isn't worth the high __21__ I paid." Then he told them the __22__. His wife's car had caught fire in an __23__. She had escaped  ,__24__ the ring had fallen off and been damaged  in the great __25__ of the fire.
　　The shop had to agree. They knew that no fire on earth can ever damage a perfect diamond. Someone had taken the __26__ diamond and put a faulty one in its place. The question was: who __27__ it?
　　A picture of the ring appeared in the __28__. A reader thought he recognized the ring. The next day, another picture appeared in the papers which showed a famous dancer walking out to a plane for Paris. Behind the dancer there was a woman __29__ a large diamond ring."Do You know the __30__ with the lovely diamond ring?" the papers asked their readers. Several months later, Jenkins was sentenced to seven years in prison.
16. A. surely         B. only　　　C. nearly　　 D. exactly
17. A. real　　　　 B. worthy　　C. modern      D. valuable
18.A. drove　　　  B. flew        C. sailed　　　　D. bicycled
19. A. last          B. first 　　　  C. second　　　D. next
20. A. sold　　　 B. posted　　　 C. brought　　  D. returned
21.A. money　　　B. price　　     C. cost　　   D. value
22. A. facts　　　 B. questions　    C. results       D. matters
23. A. accident      B. affair　　   C. incident　　  D. experience
24. A. so　　　　 B. but　　        C. or　　    D. and
25. A. pile　　　　 B. heat　　　　　C. pressure     D. power
26. A. real　　　　B. pure　　　　C. right　　   D. exact　
27.A. made　　　B. stole　　       C. copied　　 D. did
28.A. magazines   B. notices　    C. newspapers　　 D. programmes
29. A. carrying　　B. holding      C. dressing  　D. wearing　　　 
30. A. dancer　　　B. woman　　　C. jeweler       D. reader

How to Be a Winner
　　Sir Steven Redgrave
　　Winner of 5 Olympic Gold Medals
　　“In 1997 I was found to have developed diabetes(糖尿病). Believing my career（职业生涯） was over, I felt extremely low. Then one of the specialists said there was no reason why I should stop training and competing. That was it the encouragement I needed. I could still be a winner if I believed in myself. I am not saying that it isn’t difficult sometimes. But I wanted to prove to myself that I wasn't finished yet. Nothing is to stand in my way.”
　　Karen Pickering
　　Swimming World Champion
“I swim 4 hours a day, 6 days a week. I manage that sort of workload by putting it on top of my diary. This is the key to success-you can’t follow a career in any field without being well—organized. List what you believe you can achieve. Trust yourself, write down your goals for the day, however small they are, and you’ll be a step closer to achieving them.”
　　Kirsten Best
　　Poet & Writer
“When things are getting hard, a voice inside my head tells me that I can’t achieve something. Then there are other distractions, such as family or hobbies. The key is to concentrate. When I feel tense, it helps a lot to repeat words such as ‘calm’, ‘peace’ or ‘focus’, either out loud or silently in my mind. It makes me feel more in control and increases my confidence. This is a habit that can become second nature quite easily and is a powerful psychological（心理的） tool”
60. What does Sir Steven Redgrave mainly talk about?
A. Difficulties influenced his career.       B. Specialists offered him medical advice.
C. Training helped him defeat his disease.   D. He overcame the shadow of illness to win.
61. What does Karen Pickering put on top of her diary?
A. Her training schedule.                B. Her daily happenings.
C. Her achievements.                   D. Her sports career.
62.What does the underlined word “distractions” probably refer to？
A. Ways that help one to focus.           B. Words that help one to feel less tense.
C. Activities that turn one's attention away.  D. Habits that make it hard for one to relax.
63. According to the passage ,what do the three people have in common?
A. Courage.   B. Devotion.    C. Hard work    .D. Self-confidence.