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Grown-ups know that people and objects are solid. At the movies, we know that if we reach out to touch Tom Cruise, all we will feel is air. But does a baby have this understanding?
To see whether babies know objects are solid, T. Bower designed a method for projecting an optical illusion of a hanging ball. His plan was to first give babies a real ball, one they could reach out and touch, and then to show them the illusion. If they knew that objects are solid and they reached out for the illusion and found empty air, they could be expected to show surprise in their faces and movements. All the 16 to 24-week-old babies tested were surprised when they reached for the illusion and found that the ball was not there.
Grown-ups also have a sense of object permanence. We know that if we put a box in a room and lock the door, the box will still be there when we come back. But does a baby realize that a ball that rolls under a chair does not disappear and go to never-never land?
Experiments done by Bower suggest that babies develop a sense of object permanence when they are about 18 weeks old. In his experiments, Bower used a toy train that went behind a screen. When 16-week-old and 22-week-old babies watched the toy train disappear behind the left side of the screen, they looked to the right, expecting it to reappear. If the experimenter took the train off the table and lifted the screen, all the babies seemed surprised not to see the train. This seems to show that all the babies had a sense of object permanence. But the second part of the experiment showed that this was not really the case. The researcher substituted a ball for the train when it went behind the screen. The 22-week-old babies seemed surprised and looked back to the left side for the train. But the 16-week-old babies did not seem to notice the switch. Thus, the 16-week-old babies seemed to have a sense of “something permanence, while the 22-week-old babies had a sense of object permanence related to a particular object.
The passage is mainly about _____.
A. babies’ sense of sight
B. effects of experiments on babies
C. babies’ understanding of objects
D. different tests on babies’ feelings
In Paragraph 3, “object permanence” means that when out of sight, an object ________.
A. still exists B. keeps its shape
C. still stays solid D. is beyond reach
What did Bower use in his experiments?
A. A chair. B. A screen. C. A film. D. A box.
Which of the following statements is true?
A. The babies didn’t have a sense of direction.
B. The older babies preferred toy trains to balls.
C. The younger babies liked looking for missing objects.
D. The babies couldn’t tell a ball from its optical illusion.
查看习题详情和答案>>Material Girl no more? Madonna says writing children’s books is more satisfying than being a movie star.
Her book, The English Roses, wen t on sale on September 15th, appearing in 100 countries and in 30 languages as the first in her series of tales for children. The pop diva (女歌唱家), whose only book until now was the 1992 photo essay titled “Sex”, said she wrote the books to teach children some of the life lessons she’s learned over the years.
“The most fun that I’ve had of all the things I’ve done successfully has been to write these books. A lot of it has to do with the fact that I’m not doing it to become more famous, and I’m not doing it to become richer. I’m doing it because I want to share something I know with children.”
Hours after its release, the 43?page book was already No. 3 on Amazon, com’s sales list. The first print is 1 million copies worldwide, with more than 750,000 in the United States. The English Roses is about a friendship shared by four girls and their mutual (共同的) envy of a beautiful classmate, with illustrations (插图) by fashion artist Jeffrey Fulvimari.
“There is one life?giving force in the world,” Madonna declared. “When we disconnect from this lifegiving force, that’s when we bring pain and suffering into our lives. Each of the stories has to do with different ways you disconnect from God. ”Madonna also said she was deeply affected by the experience of raising two children, Lourdes, 6, and Rocco, 3. The English Roses is the latest among a growing number of celebrity?written children’s books.
The next book in the series, “Mr Peabody’s Apples,”will be out in November.Each tale is set in a different time and place and has new characters and different illustrators.
1.How many books does Madonna’s series of tales include?
A.At least 3. B.4. C.At least 2. D.6.
2.According to the idea of Madonna, the underlined phrase “life-giving force”in Paragraph 5 refers to .
A.The English Roses. B.God C.Mr Peabody’s Apples. D.her life
3.When Madonna said writing children’s books was more satisfying than being a movie star,she meant that .
A.she was more satisfied with her writing children’s books
B.she was more satisfied as a movie star C.being a movie star was not really successful
D.she was not a Material Girl any more
4.According to the passage,Madonna wrote the book The English Roses in order to .
A.provide children with fun B.teach children some life lessons
C.teach children how to become famous D.share her success with children
查看习题详情和答案>>Steve, a twelve-year-old boy with alcoholic parents, was failing. Surprisingly, he could read, yet, 21 his reading skills, Steve had been failing since first grade. Steve was a big boy, yet, he went unnoticed... 22 Miss White.
Miss White was a smiling, beautiful, young lady. For the first time in his 23 life, Steve couldn’t take his eyes off his teacher; yet, 24 he failed. In the middle of the first term, the entire seventh grade was 25 for basic skills. Steve hurried through his tests, and 26 to dream of other things, as the day passed slowly. One day, Miss White’s 27 voice broke into his daydreams. “Steve!” Startled (吓了一跳), he 28 to look at her. “Pay attention!” She began to 29 the test results. “You all did pretty well,” she told the class, “ 30 one boy, and it breaks my 31 to tell you this, but...” She hesitated, pinning Steve to his seat with a sharp 32 . “... The smartest boy in the seventh grade is failing my class!”
After that, Steve still 33 do his homework. “Just try it,” Miss White said one day. “Steve! Please! I care about you!” Wow! Suddenly, Steve got it! Someone cared about him? Someone, so beautiful and perfect, cared about him! Steve went home from school, 34 , that afternoon.
The following Monday he arrived at school on time, and waited for Miss White to enter the classroom. She walked in, all sparkle and smiles! Immediately, she gave a 35 on the weekend homework. Steve was the first to 36 his paper. With a look of 37 , Miss White took his paper. Steve walked back to his desk, his heart beating strongly within his chest.
Miss White’s face was in total 38 ! Suddenly, her face broke into a bright smile. The smartest boy in the seventh grade had just 39 his first test! From that moment 40 was the same for Steve.
A. in honor of B. in spite of C. in addition to D. in case of
A. to B. before C. until D. upon
A. rich B. young C. fresh D. simple
A. still B. even C. also D. forever
A. observed B. corrected C. selected D. tested
A. struggled B. agreed C. continued D. declared
A. cheerful B. impatient C. enthusiastic D. shy
A. decided B. managed C. turned D. forgot
A. go over B. run over C. turn over D. hand over
A. except for B. due to C. as for D. up to
A. will B. record C. heart D. back
A. pain B. stare C. sense D. contrast
A. wouldn’t B. couldn’t C. mustn’t D. shouldn’t
A. amused B. doubtful C. approved D. thoughtful
A. survey B. speech C. report D. quiz
A. give up B. hand in C. turn down D. come across
A. respect B. curiosity C. surprise D. fear
A. victory B. shock C. sadness D. confidence
A. escaped B. taken C. missed D. passed
A. nothing B. something C. anything D. everything
查看习题详情和答案>>Elizabeth Clay decided to go home and spend the holiday with her parents. The next day she drove her old car home along the road. 21 she found she got a flat. The 22-year-old student 22 to stop her car by the side of the road in the winter night and opened the trunk. No 23 tire.
At this time, a car 24 . Paul and Diane told Clay to 25 them to a service station near their 26 .They arrived to see that it had no suitable tires to 27 with her car. “Follow us home,” said Paul. The couple called around to find a tire. No 28 . They decided to let her use their own car. “Here,” Paul said, handing Clay a 29 of keys, “Take our car. We 30 be using it over the holiday.”
Clay was 31 .“But I’m going all the way to South Carolina, and I’ll be gone for two weeks,” she 32 them.
“We know,” Paul said. “We’ll be 33 when you get back. Here’s our number if you need to 34 us.”
Unable to believe her eyes, Clay watched as the 35 put her luggage into their car and then 36 her off. Two weeks later she 37 to find her old car cleaned inside and outside with three new tires and the radio 38 .
“Thank you so much,” she said. “How much do I 39 you?” “Oh, no,” Paul said, “we don’t want any money. It’s our 40 . ” Clay realized that while it might have been their pleasure, it was now her duty to help others who need help.
A. Suddenly B. Finally C. Immediately D. Fortunately
A. afforded B. wanted C. allowed D. managed
A. spare B. free C. full D. empty
A. passed B. stopped C. paused D. started
A. help B. push C. take D. follow
A. garage B. house C. shop D. hotel
A. agree B. match C. go D. deal
A. way B. message C. success D. luck
A. set B. number C. pair D. chain
A. can’t B. shouldn’t C. mustn’t D. won’t
A. satisfied B. worried C. astonished D. disturbed
A. persuaded B. advised C. reminded D. promised
A. happy B. here C. away D. busy
A. get in touch with B. keep in touch with
C. be in touch with D. put in touch with
A. repairmen B. cleaners C. friends D. couple
A. sent B. shook C. watched D. drove
A. shocked B. happened C. returned D. came
A. loaded B. fixed C. tied D. rebuilt
A. owe B. lend C. give D. offer
A. wish B. job C. duty D. pleasure
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