There was one thought that air pollution affected only the area immediately around large cities with factories and heavy automobile traffic. At present, we realize that although these are the areas with the worst air pollution, the problem is literally worldwide. On several occasions over the past decade, a heavy cloud of air pollution has covered the east of the United States and brought health warnings in rural areas away from any major concentration of manufacturing and automobile traffic. In fact, the very climate of the entire earth may be infected by air pollution. Some scientists consider that the increasing concentration of carbon dioxide in the air resulting from the burning of fossil fuels (coal and oil) is creating a “greenhouse effect”— conserving heat reflected from the earth and raising the world’s average temperature. If this view is correct and the world’s temperature is raised only a few degrees, much of the polar ice cap will melt and cities such as New York, Boston, Miami, and New Orleans will be in water.

Another view, less widely held, is that increasing particular matter in the atmosphere is blocking sunlight and lowering the earth’s temperature — a result that would be equally disastrous. A drop of just a few degrees could create something close to a new ice age, and would make agriculture difficult or impossible in many of our top farming areas. Today we do not know for sure that either of these conditions will happen (though one recent government report drafted by experts in the field concluded that the greenhouse effect is very possible). Perhaps, if we are lucky enough, the two tendencies will offset each other and the world’s temperature will stay about the same as it is now. Driven by economic profits, people neglect the damage on our environment caused by the “advanced civilization”. Maybe the air pollution is the price the human beings have to pay for their development. But is it really worthwhile?

46. As pointed out at the beginning of the passage, people used to think that air pollution _______.

　A. cause widespread damage in the countryside

　B. affected the entire eastern half of the United States

　C. had damaged effect on health

　D. existed merely in urban and industries areas

47. As to the greenhouse effect, the author __________.

　A. share the same view with the scientist.

　B. is uncertain of its occurrence

　C. rejects it as being ungrounded

　D. thinks that it will destroy the world soon

48. The word “offset” in the second paragraph could be replaced by _________.

　A. slip into   B. make up for　　 C. set up    D. catch up with

49. It can be concluded that ____________.

　A. raising the world’s temperature only a few degrees would not do much harm to life on earth

　B. lowering the world’s temperature merely a few degrees would lead major farming areas to disaster 

　C. almost no temperature variations have occurred over the past decade

　D. the world’s temperature will remain constant in the years to come

50. This passage is primarily about __________.

　A. the greenhouse effect        　    B. the burning of fossil fuels

　C. the potential effect of air pollution  　D. the likelihood of a new ice age

阅读理解

　　In November 1965, New York was blacked out by an electricity failure. The government officials promised that it would not happen again. Pessimists(悲观者) were certain that it would occur again within five years at the lastest. In July 1977, there was a repeat performance which produced different degrees of disorder throughout the city of 8,000,000 people. In 1965, the failure occurred in the cool autumn and at a time of peace and good situation. In 1977, the failure was much more serious because it came when the number of people out of work was large and the city was suffering from one of its worst heat waves.

　　In 1965, there was little stealing during the darkness, and fewer than 100 people were caught by the police. In 1977, hundereds of stores were broken into and stolen. They broke shopwindows and helped themselves to jewellery, clothes or television sets, nearly 400 people were sent to the police but far more disappeared into the darkness of the night. The number of the policemen at hand was far from enough and they were wisely stopped from using their guns against the mobs(暴徒)that were far more than them and that included armed men.

　　Hospitals had to treat hundreds of people cut by glass from shop windows. Banks and most businesses remained closed the next day. The blackout started at 9:33 p. m. when lightning hit and knocked out vital cables(关键的电缆). Many stores were thus caught by surprise.

　　The vast majority of New Yorkers, however, tried to help strangers, handed out candles, and tried to get through the dark world without traffic lights, refrigerators, water and electrical power. For 24 hours, New York realized how helpless it was without electricity.

1．Look at the 1st paragraph, who were right, the government officials or the pessimists?

[　　]

2．In what way was the blackout of 1977 different from that of 1965?

[　　]

A．There was much more disorder.

B．This time the electricity supply failed.

C．It was quite unexpected.

D．It came in the cool autumn.

3．Why did many persons manage to escape the police?

[　　]

A．The police could not see them in the darkness.

B．Many of them carried guns.

C．There were not enough policemen to catch them all.

D．They were hidden inside big buildings.

4．The 1997 New York electricity failure lasted ________.

[　　]

　　Nancy had just got a secretary's job in a big company to work in the sales department. Monday was the first day that she went to work, so she was very ?　36　?.She got up very early and arrived at the ?　37　? at twenty to eight. She ?　38　? the door open and found nobody there. “I am the ?　39　? to arrive.” She thought and came to her desk. She was ?surprised to ?　40　? a large bunch of flowers on it. They were fresh.She ?　41　? the flowers from the desk and smelled them. “Oh,how lovely!” Nancy ?　42　? joyfully. She then looked round for a ?　43　? to put them in. “Somebody has sent me flowers the ?　44　? first day!” She thought happily. “But who could it be?” She began to wonder.?

The day passed very ?　45　? and Nancy did everything with great interest and ?　46　?.For the following days of the week, the first thing Nancy did was to change water for the flowers. And then she ?　47　? herself in her work.?

Then came another Monday. When she came near her desk she was overjoyed to see a(an) ?　48　? bunch of flowers there. She quickly put them in the vase, replacing the old ones.?

The same thing happened again the next Monday, Nancy felt it ?　49　? and this time she began to think of ways to find out the ?　50　?.?

On Tuesday afternoon, she was sent to ?　51　? a plan to the general manager's office. She had to stay for a while at his secretary's desk waiting for his ?　52　?.She happened to see on the desk a big note book ?　53　?“Records of managers' meetings”, and glanced at the ?　54　? pages. Suddenly her eyes fell on these words:“In order to keep the secretaries ?　55　?,the company has decided that every Monday morning a bunch of fresh flowers should be sent to each secretary's desk.”?

Later, she was told that their general manager was a business management psychologist.?

36. A. depressed     B. encouraged C. excited       D. surprised?

37. A. office   B. workshop   C. Classroom  D. bookshop?

38. A. forced  B. pushed       C. Turned       D. knocked?

39. A. last      B. second              C. Third  D. first?

40. A. uncover              B. smell  C. Find   D. pick?

41. A. picked up    B. threw away        C. stared at     D. took up?

42. A. cried    B. Laughed     C. wept   D. replied?

43. A. jar       B. Box    C. bottle  D. vase?

44. A. happy   B. very    C. funny  D. quite?

45. A. slowly  B. normally    C. quickly      D. hardly?

46. A. wisdom       B. bravery      C. passion       D. enthusiasm?

47. A. buried  B. dressed       C. Devoted     D. seated?

48. A. old              B. Red    C. blue    D. new?

49. A. special  B. angry  C. strange       D. difficult?

50. A. sender  B. receiver      C. manager     D. waiter?

51. A. send for              B. hand out     C. try out       D. hand in?

52.A. orders   B. directives   C. gifts    D. receipts?

53. A. marked B. written       C. printed              D. signed?

54. A. closed  B. damaged    C. pinned              D. half-opened?

55. A. at home       B. on time      C. in high spirits    D. in low spirits??

　I can’t swim because I have a strong fear of water. Look back 1. ________

　　my childhood experiences, I think that three reasons might          2. ________

　　explain the fear. The first reason is that I was not allow to go       3. ________

　　near the water when I was a child, for my mother had a            4. ________

　　unreasonable fear of it. So, even as a child that I was taught to     5. ________

　　see the water as something danger. Second, my eyes               6. ________

　　became bad when I was five. If I took off my glass in the           7. ________

　　water, I couldn’t see anything, or this increased my fear.           8. ________

　　The worst part of my experience is that as a child I saw            9. ________

　　a neighbor drowned. After then I have been more frightened.      10. ________

阅读下面短文，掌握其大意，然后从36—55各题所给的四个选项（A、B、C和D）中，选出最佳选项。

Anna lived on the side of a valley. One summer, there was a very big 36 , and a lot of houses down below Anna’s were washed away. Anna’s house was 37 enough to escape the flood, so when the water had 38 and the other houses were  39  there with no roof and no walls and all covered with mud(泥), her house was just all right.

　  Her house was quite small, her husband was dead, and she had four children, 40 Anna took in one of the families that had lost 41 in the flood and she 42 her home with them until it was 43 for them to rebuild their house.

　　Anna’s friends were 44 when they saw Anna do this. They could not understand why Anna wanted to give 45 so much more work and trouble when she already had quite a few children to 46 .

   “Well,” Anna  47  her friends, “at the end of the First World War, a woman in the town where I then lived found herself very  48 , because her husband had been killed in the  49  and she had a lot of children, 50  I have now. The day before Christmas, this woman said to her children, ‘We won’t be able to have much for Christmas this year, so I’m going to 51 only one present to all of us. Now I’ll go and get it.’ She came back with a  52  who was even poorer than they, and who had no parents. ‘Here’s our 53 ,’ she said to her children.

　　The children were 54 and happy to get such a present. They 55 the little girl, and she grew up as their sister. Such was that Christmas present.”

A. earthquake          B. accident           C. flood                  D. fire

A. below                 B. high                  C. big                D. small

A. reduced                  B. come            C. appeared             D. disappeared

A. rising                 B. flowing           C. falling              D. standing

A. so                    B. but                     C. for               D. since

A. nothing              B. everything        C. anything          D. something

A. gave                B. found               C. shared             D. built

A. possible            B. necessary            C. important           D. obvious

A. worried             B. disappointed      C. puzzled           D. satisfied

A. them                B. herself                  C. him               D. us

A. support            B. supply           C. grow              D. educate

A. explained to               B. asked for         C. talked with        D. turned up

A. sad                 B. poor              C. rich              D. happy

A. war                 B. storm                   C. rain                D. flood

A. because            B. as              C. which              D. that

A. get                  B. send           C. buy                D. make

A. boy                 B. girl          C. student              D. teacher

A. child                B. daughter         C. sister               D. present

A. angry               B. excited           C. lovely              D. sorry

A. disliked           B. gained         C. welcomed          D. led