Humanity uses a little less than half the water available worldwide. Yet occurrences of shortages and droughts (干旱) are causing famine and distress in some areas, and industrial and agricultural by-products are polluting water supplies. Since the world's population is expected to double in the next 50 years, many experts think we are on the edge of a widespread water crisis.

　 But that doesn't have to be the outcome. Water shortages do not have to trouble the world---if we start valuing water more than we did in the past. Just as we began to appreciate petroleum more after the 1970s oil crises, today we must start looking at water from a fresh economic perspective. We can no longer afford to consider water a virtually free resource of which we can use as much as we like in any way we want.

　 Instead, for all uses except the domestic demand of the poor, governments should price water to reflect its actual value. This means charging a fee for the water itself as well as for the supply costs.

　 Governments should also protect this resource by providing water in more economically and environmentally sound (健康的) ways. For example, often the cheapest way to provide irrigation water in the dry tropics is through small-scale projects, such as gathering rainfall in depressions (凹地) and pumping it to nearby cropland.

　 No matter what steps governments take to provide water more efficiently, they must change their institutional and legal approaches to water use. Rather than spread control among hundreds or even thousands of local, regional, and national agencies that watch various aspects of water use, countries should set up central authorities to coordinate (调整) water policy.

1.What is the real cause of the potentials water crisis.

　　A. Only half of the world's water can be used.

　　B. The world population is increasing faster and faster.

　　C. Half of the world's water resources have been seriously polluted.

　　D. Humanity has not placed enough value on water resources.

2.As is indicated in the passage, the water problem _________ .

A. is already serious in certain parts of the world.

B. has been exaggerated by some experts in the field

　　C. poses a challenge to the technology of building reservoirs(水库)

　　D. is underestimated by government organizations at different levels

3. According to the author, the water price should _______ .

　　A. be reduced to the minimum        B. stimulate domestic demand

　　C. go with its real value             D. take into account the occurrences of droughts

4.In order to raise the efficiency of the water supply, measures should be taken to ______ .

　　A. guarantee full protection of the environment

　　B. centralize the management of water resources

　　C. increase the sense of responsibility of agencies at all levels

D. encourage local and regional water resources

Cancer is feared by everyone. And there is more and more fear about cancer. Not the disease itself — there is no such thing as a high incidence rates(发病率) of cancer. Except for lung cancer, mostly caused by cigarette smoking, the incidence rates are not on the rise. However, some kinds of cancer are decreasing. But the fear of cancer is catching, and the country stands at risk of an anxiety. The earth itself is coming to seem like a huge carcinogen(致癌物). The ordinary, more or less, scientific statement that something between 80 and 90 percent of all cancers are due to things in the environment is taken to mean that none of us will be safe until the whole environment is “cleaned up.” This is not at all the meaning.

The 80-percent calculation is based on the unthinkable differences in the incidence of cancer in various societies around the world — for example, the high incidence of liver cancer in Africa and the Far East, stomach cancer in Japan, breast cancer in Western Europe and North America, and the relatively low figures for breast cancer in Japan and parts of Africa and for liver cancer in America. These data show there may be specific environmental influences, but largely based on personal life-style, which determines the incidence of various forms of cancer in different communities — that is all the data suggest. The overall incidence of cancer, counting up all the cases, is probable roughly the same everywhere.

1.According to the passage, the incidence of cancer is generally believed _____.

2.It can be inferred from the passage that the writer’s opinion about the relationship between cancer and environment is _____.

3.According to the passage, the writer seems to feel that _____.

4.Which of the following would be the best title for the passage?

Humanity uses a little less than half the water available worldwide. Yet occurrences of shortages and droughts (干旱) are causing famine and distress in some areas, and industrial and agricultural by-products are polluting water supplies. Since the world's population is expected to double in the next 50 years, many experts think we are on the edge of a widespread water crisis.

　 But that doesn't have to be the outcome. Water shortages do not have to trouble the world---if we start valuing water more than we did in the past. Just as we began to appreciate petroleum more after the 1970s oil crises, today we must start looking at water from a fresh economic perspective. We can no longer afford to consider water a virtually free resource of which we can use as much as we like in any way we want.

　 Instead, for all uses except the domestic demand of the poor, governments should price water to reflect its actual value. This means charging a fee for the water itself as well as for the supply costs.

　 Governments should also protect this resource by providing water in more economically and environmentally sound (健康的) ways. For example, often the cheapest way to provide irrigation water in the dry tropics is through small-scale projects, such as gathering rainfall in depressions (凹地) and pumping it to nearby cropland.

　 No matter what steps governments take to provide water more efficiently, they must change their institutional and legal approaches to water use. Rather than spread control among hundreds or even thousands of local, regional, and national agencies that watch various aspects of water use, countries should set up central authorities to coordinate (调整) water policy.

What is the real cause of the potentials water crisis.

　　A. Only half of the world's water can be used.

　　B. The world population is increasing faster and faster.

　　C. Half of the world's water resources have been seriously polluted.

　　D. Humanity has not placed enough value on water resources.

As is indicated in the passage, the water problem _________ .

A. is already serious in certain parts of the world.

B. has been exaggerated by some experts in the field

　　C. poses a challenge to the technology of building reservoirs(水库)

　　D. is underestimated by government organizations at different levels

According to the author, the water price should _______ .

　　A. be reduced to the minimum        B. stimulate domestic demand

　　C. go with its real value             D. take into account the occurrences of droughts

In order to raise the efficiency of the water supply, measures should be taken to ______ .

　　A. guarantee full protection of the environment

　　B. centralize the management of water resources

　　C. increase the sense of responsibility of agencies at all levels

D. encourage local and regional water resources

Cancer is feared by everyone. And there is more and more fear about cancer. Not the disease itself — there is no such thing as a high incidence rates(发病率) of cancer. Except for lung cancer, mostly caused by cigarette smoking, the incidence rates are not on the rise. However, some kinds of cancer are decreasing. But the fear of cancer is catching, and the country stands at risk of an anxiety. The earth itself is coming to seem like a huge carcinogen(致癌物). The ordinary, more or less, scientific statement that something between 80 and 90 percent of all cancers are due to things in the environment is taken to mean that none of us will be safe until the whole environment is “cleaned up.” This is not at all the meaning.
The 80-percent calculation is based on the unthinkable differences in the incidence of cancer in various societies around the world — for example, the high incidence of liver cancer in Africa and the Far East, stomach cancer in Japan, breast cancer in Western Europe and North America, and the relatively low figures for breast cancer in Japan and parts of Africa and for liver cancer in America. These data show there may be specific environmental influences, but largely based on personal life-style, which determines the incidence of various forms of cancer in different communities — that is all the data suggest. The overall incidence of cancer, counting up all the cases, is probable roughly the same everywhere.
【小题1】According to the passage, the incidence of cancer is generally believed _____.

Much meaning can be conveyed with our eyes, so it is often said that eyes can speak.

Do you have such kind of 　36 ? In a bus you may look at a 　37 , but not too long. And if he is 　38 that he is being stared at, he may feel 　39 .

The same is true in 　40 life. If you are looked at for more than 　41 ,you will look at yourself up and down, to see if there is 42 wrong with you. If nothing goes wrong, you will feel angry toward other’s 　43 at you that way.

Looking too long at someone may seem to be rude and 　44 . But things are different when it 45 to stare at the opposite sex. If a man glances at a woman for more than ten seconds and 　46 to avert (移开) his gaze, his intentions are 　47 , that is , he wishes to attract her attention, to make her understand that he is 　48　 her.

49 , the normal eye contact for two people 　50　 in a conversation is that the speaker will only look at the listener 　51 , in order to make sure that the listener does pay attention to what the former is speaking about, to tell him that he is attentive. If a speaker looks at you continuously when speaking, 　52 he tries to dominate(控制) you, you will feel embarrassing.

In fact, continuous eye contact is confined to 　53 only, who will enjoy looking at each other tenderly for a long time, to show affection that 　54 cannot express.

Evidently, eye contact should be done according to relationship between two people and the specific 　55 .

36. A. experience　 B. thought　　　　　　 C. feeling　 　　　　　　 D. attitude

37. A. conductor　 　　　　　　 B. driver　　　　　 C. tourist　 　　　　　　 D. stranger

38. A. looking 　　　　　　 B. sensing　　　　 C. telling　　　　　 D. deciding

39. A. interested　　 　　　　　　 B. stupid　　　　　 C. uncomfortable　　　　 D. angry

40. A. social　　　　　 B daily　　　　 　　　　　　　 C. family 　　　　　　 D. school

41. A. friendly　　　 B. reliable　　　　　　 C. special　 　　　　　　 D. necessary

42. A. anything　　　　　　 B. somewhere 　　　　　　　 C. nothing　　　 D. anywhere

43. A. interest　　　 B. stare　　　　　　　　 C. appreciation D. notice

44. A. attentive　　　 　　　　　　 B. positive　　　　 C. aggressive　　 　　　　　　 D. active

45. A. comes　　　　 B. hopes 　　　　　　　 C. tries　　　　　 D. seems

46. A. starts　　　　　 B. refuses　　　 　　　　　　　C. manages　　　　　 D. aims

47. A. dirty　　　　　 B. unhealthy　　　　　 C. obvious　　　　 D. unfair

48. A. admiring　　　　　　 B. enjoying　　　　　 C. cheating　　　　 D. selecting

49 A. Therefore　　　　　　 B. Otherwise　　　　 C. Altogether　　　　　　 D. However

50. A. engaged　　　　　　 B. attracted　　 　　　　　　　C. trapped　　 　　　　　　 D. invited

51. A. all the time　 B. from time to time 　　　　 C. all the way　 　 　　　　　D. back and forth

52. A. in case　　　　 B. as if　　　　　　　　 C. even though　　　　 D. so that

53. A. mothers　　　　　　 B. children　　　　　　 C. lovers　　　　　 D. teachers

54. A. looks　　　　　 B. eyes　　　　　　　　 C. smiles　　 　　　　　　　 D. words

55. A. situation B. circumstance　　 C. environment　　　　　　 D. condition