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阅读下面短文，掌握其大意，然后从各题所给的四个选项中，选出一个最佳答案.
People in Britain are living longer and are 1 , with the 2 that more and more money is being spent on consumer goods, 3 the latest statistics.
But while people 4 appear to be healthier and wealthier, an analysis of 5 activities suggests they are also lazier. 6 the most popular pastime is watching television, with 98 percent of homes having 7 one set and over a third having a video recorder.
Other pastimes 8 listening to music, gardening, sports, visiting friends or going out for a meal. The 56.8 million people of England, Scotland, Wales and Northern Ireland 9 an 10 12 million household pets.
Most of the homes now have central heating, washing machines, refrigerators, telephones and even cars.
Britain are also 11 more foreign holidays. United Kingdom residents took over 17 12 holidays overseas in 1986, 13 15.75 million in 1985, and the most popular destinations were 14 Spain, France and Greece.
More people are eating meals out and 15 lifestyles have changed, the consumption of take--away meals, convenience foods and so--called fast food has also 16 . Over the past 25 years, consumption of 17 coffee, processed foods, fruit and vegetables has risen 18 home consumption of beef, lamb, bread, potatoes, butter, sugar and tea has 19 .
Alcohol consumption is continuing its rise but the types of drinks taken has changed. Beer remains the most popular, but lager（淡啤酒）now 20 more than half of beer sales and there has been a switch from whisky to other spirits.
And those of us who survive and prosper can expect to live to the age of 71 for men and 77 for women--a year longer than in 1985.
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For many people today, reading is no longer relaxation. To keep up their work they must read letters, reports, trade publications, interoffice communications, not to mention newspapers and magazines: a never-ending flood of words. In 1 a job or advancing in one, the ability to read and comprehend 2 can mean the difference between success and failure. Yet the unfortunate fact is that most of us are 3 readers. Most of us develop poor reading 4 at an early age, and never get over them. The main deficiency 5 in the actual stuff of language itself-words. Taken individually, words have 6 meaning until they are strung together into phrased, sentences and paragraphs. 7 , however, the untrained reader does not read groups of words. He laboriously reads one word at a time, often regressing to 8 words or passages. Regression, the tendency to look back over 9 you have just read, is a common bad habit in reading. Another habit which 10 down the speed of reading is vocalization—sounding each word either orally or mentally as 11 reads.
To overcome these bad habits, some reading clinics use a device called an 12 , which moves a bar (or curtain) down the page at a predetermined speed. The bar is set at a slightly faster rate 13 the reader finds comfortable, in order to “stretch” him.The accelerator forces the reader to read fast, 14 word-by-word reading, regression and subvocalization, practically impossible. At first 15 is sacrificed for speed. But when you learn to read ideas and concepts, you will not only read faster, 16 your comprehension will improve. Many people have found 17 reading skill drastically improved after some training. 18 Charlce Au, a business manager, for instance, his reading rate was a reasonably good 172 words a minute 19 the training, now it is an excellent 1,378 words a minute. He is delighted that how he can 20 a lot more reading material in a short period of time.
1.A.applying B.doing C.offering D.getting
2.A.quickly B.easily C.roughly D.decidedly
3.A.good B.curious C.poor D.urgent
4.A.training B.habits C.situations D.custom
5.A.lies B.combines C.touches D.involves
6.A.some B.A lot C.little D.dull
7.A.Fortunately B.In fact C.Logically D.Unfortunately
8.A.reuse B.reread C.rewrite D.recite
9.A.what B.which C.that D.if
10.A.scales B.cuts C.slows D.measures
11.A.some one B.one C.he D.reader
12.A.accelerator B.actor C.amplifier D.observer
13.A.then B.as C.beyond D.than
14.A.enabling B.leading C.making D.indicating
15.A.meaning B.comprehension C.gist D.regression
16.A.but B.nor C.or D.for
17.A.our B.your C.their D.such a
18.A.Look at B.Take C.Make D.Consider
19.A.for B.in C.after D.before
20.A.master B.go over C.present D.get through
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When Should a Leader Apologize and When Not？
Why Difficult？
When we wrong someone we know，even not intentionally，we are generally expected to apologize so as to improve the situation. But when we’re acting as leaders，the circumstances are different. The act of apology is carried out not only at the level of the individual but also at the level of the institution. It is a performance in which every expression matters and every word becomes part of the public record. Refusing to apologize can be smart，or it can be stupid. So，readiness to apologize can be seen as a sign of strong character or as a sign of weakness. A successful apology can turn hate into personal and organizational harmony—while an apology that is too little，too late，or too obviously strategic can bring on individual and institutional ruin. What，then，is to be done？How can leaders decide if and when to apologize publicly？
Why Now？
The question of whether leaders should apologize publicly has never been more urgent. During the last decade or so，the United States in particular has developed an apology culture—apologies of all kinds and for all sorts of wrongdoings are made far more frequently than before. More newspaper writers have written about the growing importance of public apologies. More articles，cartoons，advice columns，and radio and television programs have similarly dealt with the subject of private apologies.
Why Bother？
Why do we apologize？Why do we ever put ourselves in situations likely to be difficult，embarrassing，and even risky？Leaders who apologize publicly could be an easy target. They are expected to appear strong and capable. And whenever they make public statements of any kind，their individual and institutional reputations are in danger. Clearly，then，leaders should not apologize often or lightly. For a leader to express apology，there needs to be a good，strong reason. Leaders will publicly apologize if and when they think the costs of doing so are lower than the costs of not doing so.
Why Refuse？
Why is it that leaders so often refuse to apologize，even when a public apology seems to be in order？Their reasons can be individual or institutional. Because leaders are public figures，their apologies are likely to be personally uncomfortable and even professionally risky. Leaders may also be afraid that the admission of a mistake will damage or destroy the organization for which they are responsible. There can be good reasons for hanging tough in tough situations，as we shall see，but it is a high-risk strategy.
―→·Public apology is much more than a(an) 72 act.
·It’s no 73 job to strike a balance between apologizing or not.
·Apologies not 74 offered can bring on individual and institutional ruin.
―→ ·In an 76 ， admission of all sorts of wrongdoings is more required than before.
·The 77 of public apologies has been widely reported in the mass media.
―→ ·Being public figures， leaders are supposed to appear 78 .
·There needs to be a sufficient reason for a leader to 79 in public.
―→ ·Making apologies is likely to be personally uncomfortable and 80 .
·Admission of a mistake or wrongdoing will probably do 81 to their organization.
查看习题详情和答案>>On August 26, 1999, New York City experienced a terrible rainstorm. The rain caused the streets to 26 and the subway system almost came to a stop.
Unfortunately, this happened during the morning rush hour. Many people who were going to work were 27 to go home. Some battled to 28 a taxi or to get on a bus. Still others faced the 29 bravely, walking miles to get to work.
I 30 to be one of the people on the way to work that morning. I went from subway line to subway line only to find that most 31 had stopped. After making my way 32 crowds of people, I finally found a subway line that was 33 . Unfortunately, there were so many people waiting to 34 the subway that I could not even get down the stairs to the 35 . So I took the train going in the opposite direction, and then switch back to the downtown train. Finally, after what seemed like an forever, the train 36 my stop. Then I had to walk several blocks in the increasingly heavy rain. When I finally got to my office, I was 37 through, exhausted and 38 .
My co-workers and I spent most of the day drying off. When it was 5:00 pm，I was ready to go home. I was about to turn off my computer 39 I received an email from Garth, my Director:
I would like to thank all of you who made the effort and 40 reported to work. It is always reassuring(令人欣慰), at times like these, when employees so clearly show their 41 to their jobs. Thank you.
Garth’s email was short, but I learned more from that 42 message than I ever did from a textbook. The email taught me that a few words of 43 can make a big difference. The rainstorm and the traffic 44 had made me tired and upset. But Garth’s words immediately 45 me and put a smile back on my face.
26. A. break B. sink C. flood D. crash
27. A. forced B. refused C. adjusted D. gathered
28. A. order B. pay C. call D. search
29. A. climate B. scenery C. burden D. storm
30. A. used B. promised C. happened D. deserved
31. A. practice B. routine C. process D. service
32. A. to B. through C. over D. for
33. A. rushing B. cycling C. turning D. operating
34. A. check B. carry C. find D. board
35. A. street B. ground C. floor D. platform
36. A. reached B. crossed C. paused D. parked
37. A. wet B. weak C. sick D. hurt
38. A. ashamed B. discouraged C. surprised D. puzzled
39. A. when B. while C. where D. after
40. A. hardly B. casually C. absolutely D. eventually
41. A. connection B. donation C. devotion D. reaction
42. A. accurate B. urgent C. brief D. humorous
43. A. promise B. appreciation C. advice D. guidance
44. A. troubles B. signals C. rules D. signs
45. A. corrected B. refreshed C. amazed D. supported
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For many people today, reading is no longer relaxation. To keep up their work they must read letters, reports, trade publications, interoffice communications, not to mention newspapers and magazines: a never-ending flood of words. In 1 a job or advancing in one, the ability to read and comprehend 2 can mean the difference between success and failure. Yet the unfortunate fact is that most of us are 3 readers. Most of us develop poor reading 4 at an early age, and never get over them. The main deficiency（缺乏） 5 in the actual stuff of language itself — words. Taken individually, words have little meaning until they are strung together into phrases, sentences and paragraphs. 6 , however, the untrained reader does not read groups of words. He laboriously reads one word at a time, often regressing（退回） to 7 words or passages. Regression, the tendency to look back over what you have just read, is a common bad habit in reading. Another habit which 8 down the speed of reading is vocalization — sounding each word either orally or mentally as one reads.
To overcome these bad habits, some reading clinics use a device called an 9 , which moves a bar (or curtain) down the page at a predetermined（预先确定的） speed．The bar is set at a slightly faster rate 10 the reader finds comfortable, in order to “stretch” him. The device forces the reader to read fast, 11 word-by-word reading, regression and sub-vocalization（默读）practically impossible. At first 12 is sacrificed for speed．But when you learn to read ideas and concepts, you will not only read faster, but your understanding will 13 . Many people have found their reading skill greatly improved after some training. 14 Charlie Au, a business manager, for instance, his reading rate was a reasonably good 172 words a minute before the training, now it is an excellent 182 words a minute. He is delighted that how he can 15 through a lot more reading material in a short period of time.
1． A．applying B．doing C．offering D．getting
2． A．quickly B．easily C．roughly D．decidedly
3． A．good B．curious C．poor D．urgent
4． A．training B．habits C．situations D．custom
5． A．lies B．combines C．touches D．involves
6． A．Hopefully B．Actually C．Logically D．Unfortunately
7． A．reuse B．reread C．rewrite D．recite
8．A．scales B．cuts C．slows D．measures
9．A．accelerator B．actor C．loudspeaker D．observer
10．A．then B．as C．beyond D．than
11．A．having B．leading C．making D．indicating
12．A．meaning B．comprehension C．vocalization D．regression
13．A．arise B．reduce C．improve D．worsen
14．A．Like B．Take C．Make D．Consider
15．A．master B．make C．finish D．get
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