Giving children foods to which people added calcium to help build up their bones may be a waste of time, say experts. The mineral is added to many breakfast cereals, snack bars and drinks as producers can attract the parental market. But scientists have found that such products do not produce significantly stronger bones, nor do they reduce the chance of a child suffering fractures （骨折）. 　

It is thought that calcium unnaturally added to food passes through the body too quickly to be properly absorbed and therefore fails to perform the same functions as foods which are naturally rich in calcium, such as milk, cheese and leafy green vegetables.

It is now built into such things as Kellogg’s Coco Pops, breakfast bars such as the Frosties Cereal and Milk bar, some Tropicana orange juices and even the calcium-enriched water called Danone Activ.

The theory is that if children build strong bones, it will protect them better against problems such as osteoporosis in later life. But the research casts doubt on the usefulness of such products.

Experts analyzed 19 studies where children aged between 3 and 19 were given extra calcium in their diet in this way. They then measured the effect by measuring their bone mineral density and mineral content. The team found few significant increases in bone mass and none in the two bones which can most likely lead to fracture — the lower spine （脊骨） and upper part of the thigh （大腿）.

A small effect was noted in bone density in the arm, but it cut the risk of fracture by just 0.2 percent, according to the report published in the Cochrane Library. The influential publication is produced by the International Health Research Organization, the Cochrane Collaboration. The chief researcher Professor Frank R Greer of the University of Wisconsin said the findings for children prove the same as those seen in adult studies. “You can get some short-term improvements but as soon as you stop the supplements it goes right back to where it was,” he said.

1．According to the text, food with added calcium can _________.

       A．increase the bone mass significantly

       B．put a mass of calcium in the lower spine and upper part of the thigh

       C．satisfy the parents’ desire to make their children healthy

       D．make the children’s bones significantly stronger to let them suffer no fractures

2．Which of the following is TRUE about the food to which calcium is added? 

       A．Calcium in it has more effect on children than on adults.                   

       B．Your bones will be too strong to break as a consequence of it.           

       C．It can increase the mass of the lower spine and the thigh effectively.  

       D．If you stop eating it, the effect on your bones will disappear.

3．Experts hold a _________ attitude towards the food to which people added calcium. 

       A．positive               B．negative               C．neutral                           D．not clear

4．Which kind of food is naturally rich in calcium? 

       A．Kellogg’s Coco Pops                            B．Frosties Cereal and Milk bar

       C．leafy green vegetables                          D．Danone Activ

Lisa Reid lost her sight(视力) because of cancer ten years ago, but a knock on the head has given it back. The 24-year-old lady has    36    part of her sight after being knocked on the head. Eleven days ago, Miss Reid    37    down to kiss her guide dog good night, but accidentally(意外地) hit her head on a coffee table.    38    she woke up the next morning, she could see for the first time in 10 years.

“I could    39    believe it. It’s amazing,” she said. The cancer that stole Miss Reid’s sight was diagnosed(诊断) 13 years ago. Doctors gave her a five percent    40    of survival after discovering she had brain cancer. An operation(手术) to excide the tumor(切除肿瘤) was    41   , but it damaged her eyes and had a bad effect    42    her sight.

Miss Reid was blind at 14, and her eyes were only able to notice    43    and dark.. “I had lost hope and thought that everything was against me,” she said.

Now Miss Reid has recovered 80 percent of the sight in her left eye, but her color vision(色觉) is    44   . The eye expert has no    45    for her recovery because he has never seen a similar case(病例).

After Miss Reid recovered her sight on November 17, she    46    it a secret at the beginning, but later in the day she called her    47    and over the telephone read the health warning on a cigarette package(盒) to her mum. “Lisa    48    me and said‘there’s been a change; listen to this’,” said Louise Reid, Miss Reid’s mother. “Then she started reading to me. I was surprised.” Unsure whether her sight would last（持续), Miss Reid waited    49    the next day before    49    her walking stick and spreading the good news. She couldn’t wait to celebrate it with her family and friends.

The majority of astronauts from America have been men. At the start of the space programme there was strong resistance from some people against having women in space. However, some women were very keen to become astronauts and in the end they were successful. In 1978, NASA began the first training programme for women astronauts.

Judy Resnick and Christa McAuliffe were both astronauts and they were both women, but in many other ways they were very different. Both of them were on Flight STS-5L-L. Judy Resnick was born in 1949 and studied engineering at university and went on to obtain a PhD in 1977. She was a member of the first group of women selected for astronaut training in 1978, and in 1984, she became the second woman in space. During that flight, she helped to launch three new satellites and she carried out a programme of research. She was, in many ways, a professional astronaut whose whole life was devoted to space travel.

Christa McAuliffe was born in 1948 and she was an astronaut almost by accident. In 1984, NASA decided to find a teacher who could accompany astronauts into space. They hoped that she would be able to communicate with students from space and encourage every one of them to be interested in space travel. Christa was a secondary teacher in history and social studies. She was a gifted teacher and she was selected from over 11,000 applicants to go on flight STS-51-L. She was also a very good communicator and she immediately established a very good relationship with the news media(radio, television and newspapers）. It was partly because of this that there was a great deal of interest and excitement about the flight. Thousands of students in schools and universities all around the country were looking forward to communicating with Christa in space. Millions of people were watching her flight with great interest. It is partly because of the excitement over McAuliffe's place in the flight that the disaster in 1986 had such an effect on people.

We can learn from the first two paragraphs that ___________.

A. Judy was against the idea of having women in space at first

B. Judy was the first woman selected for astronaut training

C. Judy helped to launch three new satellites at the age of 35

D. Judy carried out a programme during her second space travel

Christa McAuliffe was chosen for training because _______.

A. she was popular with the news media

B. she expected to give history lessons in space

C. she was an excellent teacher and communicator

D. she made the students in space very excited

The reason why there was great interest in Flight STS-51-L is that ________.

A. both Christa and Judy got PhD degrees in the same year

B. a young secondary school teacher was on the flight

C. students were going to learn more about space travel

D. it was the first time for women to travel in space

What would be the best title for the passage?

 A. Two Astronauts         B. Flight STS-51-L

C. Travelling in Space       D. The Training Programme

Laws that would have ensured pupils from five to 16 received a full financial education got lost in the ‘wash up’．An application is calling on the next government to bring it back.

At school the children are taught to add up and subtract（减法） but, extraordinarily, are not routinely shown how to open a bank account — let alone how to manage their finances in an increasingly complex and demanding world.

Today the parenting website Mumsnet and the consumer campaigner Martin Lewis have joined forces to launch an online application to make financial education a compulsory element of the school curriculum in England．Children from five to 16 should be taught about everything from pocket money to pensions, they say．And that was exactly the plan preserved in the Children, Schools and Families bill that was shelved by the government in the so-called “wash-up” earlier this month — the rush to legislation before parliament was dismissed．Consumer and parent groups believe financial education has always been one of the most frustrating omissions of the curriculum.

As the Personal Finance Education Group (Pfeg) points out, the good habits of young children do not last long．Over 75% of seven- to 11-year-olds are savers but by the time they get to 17, over half of them are in debt to family and friends．By this age, 26% see a credit card or overdraft（透支） as a way of extending their spending power．Pfeg predicts that these young people will “find it much harder to avoid the serious unexpected dangers that have befallen many of their parents' generation unless they receive good quality financial education while at school.”

The UK has been in the worst financial recession（衰退）for generations．It does seem odd that — unless parents step in — young people are left in the dark until they are cruelly introduced to the world of debt when they turn up at university．In a recent poll of over 8,000 people, 97% supported financial education in schools, while 3% said it was a job for parents．

The passage is mainly about _____________.

       A．how to manage school lessons

       B．how to deal with the financial crisis

       C．teaching young people about money

       D．teaching students how to study effectively

It can be inferred from the first two paragraphs that __________.

       A．the author complains about the school education

       B．pupils should not be taught to add up and subtract

       C．students have been taught to manage their finances

       D．laws on financial education have been effectively carried out

The website and the consumer campaigner joined to _________.

       A．instruct the pupils to donate their pocket money

       B．promote the connection of schools and families

       C．ask the government to dismiss the parliament

       D．appeal for the curriculum of financial education

According to Pfeg, ___________.

       A．it is easy to keep good habits long

       B．teenagers spend their money as planned

       C．parents are willing to pay the debt for their kids

       D．it will be in trouble if the teenagers are left alone

A poll is mentioned to ___________.

       A．stress the necessity of the curriculum reform

       B．show the seriousness of the financial recession

       C．make the readers aware of burden of the parents

       D．illustrate some people are strongly against the proposal