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| Sometimes a person may have an idea about himself that will prevent him doing a good job. He may have the 1 that he is not able to do it. A child may think he is stupid because he does not understand how to make the 2 use of his mental faculties (才能). Older people may think that they are too old to 3 anything new because of their old age. A person who believes that he is unable will not make a real 4 , because he feels it 5 be useless. He won’t work with the confidence necessary for success, and he won’t work 6 . He is 7 likely to fail, and the failure will 8 his belief in his incompetence (无能)。 Adler, a famous doctor, had 9 like this. When he was a small boy, he had a poor 10 in maths. His teacher told his 11 he had no ability in maths in order that they would not 12 too much of him. In this way, they too 13 the idea. He accepted 14 mistaken thinking of his ability, felt that it was useless to 15 , and was even poorer at maths, 16 they expected. One day he worked out a problem which 17 of the other students had been able to solve. He succeeded in solving the problem. This gave him confidence. He now_18 with interest, determination and purpose, and he soon became especially good at 19 .He not only proved that he could learn maths well, but luckily he learned early in his life from his own experience that if a person goes at a job with determination and purpose, he may 20 himself as well as others by his ability. 1. A. belief B. way C. method D. condition 2. A. biggest B. best C. highest D. deepest 3. A. teach B. learn C. accept D. use 4. A. decision B. success C. effort D. trouble 5. A. will B. should C. must D. can 6. A. well B. hard C. fast D. carefully 7. A. truly B. really C. however D. therefore 8. A. change B. strengthen C. become D. get rid of 9. A. an experience B. an example C. an experiment D. a story 10. A. interest B. thought C. beginning D. ending 11. A. classmates B. friends C. neighbours D. parents 12 A. ask B. expect C. get D. win 13 A. developed B. proposed C. discovered D. found 14. A. his B. her C. its D. their 15. A. manage B. succeed C. try D. act 16. A. though B. when C. as D. because 17. A. none B. all C. many D. most 18. A. lived B. worked C. played D. graduated 19. A. lessons B. studies C. jobs D. maths 20. A. encourage B. teach C. astonish D. admire
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Some people who find themselves unable to solve a problem react by just giving up. But it is not good to escape from problems by giving up or by making excuses for failures. You may be sure that all young people go through the same difficult process that you are going through: meeting new situations, developing new skills, and testing their abilities.
If you are unhappy about something, face it. Try to state the problem in a few words, so that you will know exactly what you are up against. Then see if you can “put your finger” on the cause of your unhappiness.
In many cases, we only “think”there is no solution to a particular problem. But often we can overcome the problem and achieve the goal by making a direct attack.
For example, a boy wanted to be a debater (辩论家). When he tried out for the debating team as a freshman, the coach thought he was hopeless. He was shy; he had a high-pitched voice; and his posture（体态）was poor. Although he was given little hope of success, he took advantage of every opportunity to debate. He studied successful speakers and sized up(估计...的大小) his own weaknesses and assets. Then he spent many hours learning all the facts on the topics for debate, and worked at developing good posture and at speaking clearly. By his junior year, he made the school debating team, and in his senior year he was on the winning team in his state. He achieved his goal because he had made a direct attack upon his problem.
Although direct attack is often the best way to meet problems, we have to be realistic in judging situations. Sometimes it is necessary to change either the tactics（策略）or the goal.
A boy who wants to be a great football player may be too light and not quite fast enough for football. In this situation, becoming a great football player may be an unreasonable goal for him. However, he may become outstanding in tennis or golf, and satisfy his desire to take part in sports.
A girl who has plain features may decide that she cannot win popularity with her face, and so she may try to develop an interesting personality, which eventually will get her much further. In this situation, she must change her method of achieving her goal.
So, although direct attack is often the best way to handle problems, it is important to study the situation and make a wise decision about what to do.
1．What is the main idea discussed in the first paragraph?
A．Giving up a puzzling problem.
B．Escaping from problems by making excuses for failures.
C．Going through the same difficult process.
D．Testing people’s abilities.
2．The underlined phrase“are up against”in the second paragraph could be best replaced by “_______.”
A．are fond of B．are faced with C．met with D．looked at
3．By taking the example of the boy who wanted to be a debater, the author means _______.
A．you are going through new situations, developing new skills, and testing their abilities
B．we can overcome the problem and achieve the goal by making a direct attack
C．it is necessary to change either the tactics or the goal.
D．it is important to study the situation and make a wise decision about what to do
4．Which of the following is the topic sentence of the text?
A．It is not good to escape from problems by giving up or by making excuses for failures.
B．If you are unhappy about something, face it, and try to state the problem in a few words.
C．Although direct attack is often the best way to meet problems, we have to be realistic in judging situations.
D．Although direct attack is often the best way to handle problems, it is important to study the situation and make a wise decision about what to do.
查看习题详情和答案>>Some people who find themselves unable to solve a problem react (反应) by just giving up. But it is not good to escape from problems by giving up or by making excuses for failures. You may be sure that all young people go through the same difficult process that you are going through: meeting new situations, developing new skills, and testing their abilities.
If you are unhappy about something, face it. Try to state the problem in a few words, so that you will know exactly what you are up against. Then see if you can “put your finger” on the cause of your unhappiness.
In many cases, we only “think” there is no solution to a particular problem. But often we can overcome the problem and achieve the goal by making a direct attack.
For example, a boy wanted to be a debater (辩论家). When he tried out for the debating team as a freshman, the coach thought he was hopeless. He was shy; he had a high-pitched voice; and his posture (体态) was poor. Although he was given little hope of success, he took advantage of every opportunity to debate. He studied successful speakers and sized up his own weaknesses and assets. Then he spent many hours learning all the facts on the topics for debate, and worked at developing good posture and at speaking clearly. By his junior year, he made the school debating team, and in his senior year he was on the winning team in his state. He achieved his goal because he had made a direct attack upon his problem.
Although direct attack is often the best way to meet problems, we have to be realistic in judging situations. Sometimes it is necessary to change the tactics (策略) or the goal .
A girl who has plain features may decide that she cannot win popularity with her face, and so she may try to develop an interesting personality, which eventually will get her much further. In this situation, she must change her method of achieving her goal.
So, although direct attack is often the best way to handle problems, it is important to study the situation and make a wise decision about what to do.
60. What is the main idea discussed in the first paragraph?
A. Giving up a puzzling problem.
B. Escaping from problems by making excuses for failures.
C. Going through the same difficult process. D. Testing people’s abilities.
61. The phrase “are up against” in the second paragraph could best be replaced by _______.
A. are fond of B. are faced with C. met with D. looked at
62. By taking example from the boy who wanted to be a debater, the author means ________.
A. you are going through new situations, developing new skills, and testing their abilities
B. we can overcome the problem and achieve the goal by making a direct attack
C. it is necessary to change either the tactics or the goal
D. it is important to study the situation and make a wise decision about what to do
63. Which of the following is the topic sentence of the text?
A. It is not good to escape from problems by giving up or by making excuses for failures.
B. If you are unhappy about something, face it, and try to state the problem in a few words.
C. Although direct attack is often the best way to meet problems, we have to be realistic in judging situations.
D. Although direct attack is often the best way to handle problems, it is important to study the situation and make a wise decision about what to do.
查看习题详情和答案>>History is full of cases where dreams have been a pathway to creativity and discovery．A striking example is provided by Dr．Otto Loewi, a pharmacologist （药理学家） and winner of a Nobel Prize．Loewi had spent years studying the chemical transmission （传送） of nerve impulses （脉搏）．A major breakthrough in his research came when he dreamed of an experiment three nights in a row．The first two nights he woke up and wrote down the experiment quickly and untidily on paper．But the next morning, he couldn't tell what the notes meant．On the third night, he got up after having the dream．This time, instead of making notes he went straight to his laboratory and performed the important experiment．Loewi later said that if the experiment had occurred to him while awake he would not have given it another thought．
Loewi's experiment gives some insight into using dreams to produce creative solutions．Nervous feelings are reduced during dreaming, which may be especially useful in solving problems that require a fresh point of view．
Being able to take advantage of dreams for solving is improved if you "set" yourself before retiring．Before you go to bed, try to think intently about a problem you wish to solve．Bury yourself in the problem by stating it clearly and reviewing all relevant information．Then use the suggestions listed in the previous section to catch your dreams．Although this method is not guaranteed to produce an original solution or a new insight, it is certain to be an adventure．About half of a group of college students using the method for a week recalled a dream that helped them solve a personal problem．
1．Through Loewi's experiment, the author tries to prove that ．
A．very little is really known about the meaning of dreams
B．it is possible to "catch" one's dreams by planning before going to sleep
C．dreams can be useful in producing creative solutions to one's problems
D．it helped in the study of transmission of nerve impulses
2．The first paragraph is mainly organized by ．
A．classifying types of experiments
B．summarizing the work of one researcher
C．comparing and exploring historical cases
D．telling in time order about one man's research
3．If Loewi had thought of the experiment while awake, he would have ．
A．asked someone else to do it B．thought it was a bad idea
C．tried it out on his own D．thought it was a wise idea
4．The author probably thinks that ．
A．Loewi should not have conducted his experiment
B．dreaming is of very little value to most people
C．nervous feelings may stop someone thinking of useful ideas
D．college students should not try out dream experiments
5．According to the passage, the author seems to be in favor of ．
A．seeking creative solutions B．avoiding scientific experiments
C．nervous feelings before dreams D．becoming a famous scientist
查看习题详情和答案>>History is full of cases where dreams have been a pathway to creativity and discovery. A striking example is provided by Dr. Otto Loewi, a pharmacologist and winner of a Nobel Prize. Loewi had spent years studying the chemical transmission of nerve impulses (脉搏). A tremendous breakthrough in his research came when he dreamed of an experiment three nights in a row. The first two nights he woke up and wrote down the experiment quickly and untidily on a pad. But the next morning, he couldn’t tell what the notes meant. On the third night, he got up after having the dream. This time, instead of making notes he went straight to his laboratory and performed the crucial experiment. Loewi later said that if the experiment had occurred to him while awake he would have rejected it.
Loewi’s experiment gives some insight into using dreams to produce creative solutions. Inhibitions (拘谨) are reduced during dreaming, which may be especially useful in solving problems that require a fresh point of view.
Being able to take advantage of dreams for problem solving is improved if you “set” yourself before retiring. Before you go to bed, try to think intently about a problem you wish to solve. Steep yourself in (潜心于) the problem by stating it clearly and reviewing all relevant information. Then use the suggestions listed in the previous section to catch your dreams. Although this method is not guaranteed to produce a novel solution or a new insight, it is certain to be an adventure. About half of a group of college students using the method for a week recalled a dream that helped them solve a personal problem.
1．The main idea of this passage is that .
A．very little is really known about the meaning of dreams
B．it is possible to “catch” one’s dreams by planning before going to sleep
C．dreams can be useful in producing creative solutions to one’s problems
D．Loewi’s experiment helped in the study of transmission of nerve impulses
2．The first paragraph is mainly organized by .
A．classifying types of experiments
B．summarizing the work of one researcher
C．comparing and exploring historical cases
D．telling in time order about one man’s research
3．If Loewi had thought of the experiment while awake, he would have .
A．asked someone else to do it B．thought it was a bad idea
C．tried it out on his own D．thought it was a wise idea
4．The author probably thinks that .
A．Loewi should not have conducted his experiment
B．dreaming is of very little value to most people
C．inhibitions may stop someone thinking of useful ideas
D．college students should not try out dream experiments
5．The author seems to be in favor of according to the passage.
A．seeking creative solutions B．avoiding scientific experiments
C．inhibitions before dreams D．become a famous scientist
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