Decision-thinking is not unlike. It often matters not only what you think, but also what others think you think and what you think they think you think. The mental process（过程） is similar. Naturally, this card game has often been of considerable interest to people who are, by any standards, good thinkers.
　　The great mathematician John von Neumann was one of the founders of game theory. In particular, he showed that all games fall into two classes; there are what he called games of 'perfect information', games like chess where the players can't hide anything or play tricks; they don't win by chance, but by means of logic and skills. Then there are games of 'imperfect information', like poker, in which it is impossible to know in advance that one course of action is better than another.
　　One mistaken idea about business is that it can be treated as a game of perfect information. Quite the reverse, business and life itself are games which we must normally play with very imperfect information. Business decisions are often made with many unknown and unknowable factors（因素）, as best poker players. But few business people find it comfortable to admit that they are taking a chance, and many still prefer to believe that they are playing chess, not poker.
49．The subject discussed in this text is _________.
　　A．the process of reaching decisions
　　B．the difference between poker and chess.
　　C．the secret of making good business plans
　　D．the value of information in winning games
50．An important factor in a game of imperfect information is ___________.
　　A．rules               B．luck         C．time               D．ideas
51．Which of the following can be used in place of "Quite the reverse"?
　　A．Quite right.                   B．True enough.
　　C．Most unlikely.                      D．Just the opposite.
52．In the writer's opinion, when making business decisions one should ___________ .
　　A．put perfect information before imperfect information
　　B．accept the existence of unknown factors
　　C．regard business as a game of chess
　　D．mix known and unknown factors

Most young people enjoy some form of physical activity. It may be walking, cycling or swimming, or in winter, skating or skiing. It may be a game of some kind of football, hockey, golf, or tennis, it may be mountaineering.

Those who have a passion for climbing high and difficult mountains are often looked upon with astonishment. Why are men and women willing to suffer cold and hardship, and to take risks on high mountains? This astonishment is caused probably by the difference between mountaineering and other forms of activity to which men give their leisure.

Mountaineering is a sport and not a game. There are no man-made rules, as there’re for such games as golf and football. There are, of course, rules of a different kind which it would be dangerous to ignore, but it is this freedom from man-made rules that makes mountaineering attractive to many people. Those who climb mountains are free to use their own methods. If we compare mountaineering and other more familiar sports, we might think that one big difference is that mountaineering is not a “team game”. We should be mistaken in this. There are, it is true, no “matches” between “teams” of climbers, but when climbers are on a rock face linked by a rope on which their lives may depend on, there is obviously teamwork.

The mountain climber knows that he may have to fight forces that are stronger and more powerful than man. He has to fight the forces of nature. His sport requires high mental and physical qualities.

A mountain climber continues to improve in skill year after year. A skier is probably past his best by the age of thirty, and most international tennis champions are in their early twenties. But it is not unusual for a man of fifty or sixty to climb the highest mountains in the Alps. They may take more time than younger men, but they probably climb with more skill and less waste of effort, and they certainly experience equal enjoyment.

1. Mountaineering is a sport, which involves　　　　 .

A. hardship

B. physical risk

C. cold

D. all of the above

2. The main difference between a sport and a game lies in 　　　　 .

A. uniform

B. rules

C. activity

D. skills

3. Mountaineering is also a team sport because 　　　　 .

A. it involves rules

B. it involves matches between teams

C. it requires mental and physical qualities

D. mountaineers depend on each other while climbing

4. Which of the following is TRUE?

A. Mountaineers compete against each other.

B. Mountaineers compete against other teams.

C. Mountaineers compete against nature.

D. Mountaineers compete against international standards.

5. What is the BEST title for the passage?

A. Mountaineering.

B. Mountain Climbers.

C. Mountaineering Is Different from Golf and Football.

D. Mountaineering Is More Dangerous than Other Sports.

— How about a game of chess?

　 — ____

　 A. I agree.　　　　 B. Why not?　　　　 C. I’d like to. 　 D. That’s right.

“Everything happens for the best,” my mother said whenever I faced disappointment. “If you can 　41 on, one day something good will happen. And you’ll 　42 that it wouldn’t have happened if not for that previous disappointment.”

Mother was right, as I discovered after graduating from college. I had designed myself for a 43 announcer(播音员). So I went to Chicago and knocked on the door of every station and got 　44 every time.

In one station, a kind lady told me that 　45 stations wouldn’t risk employing a person without 　46 since I had just graduated. “Go out in the town and find a small station that might give you a chance,” she said.

I returned to Dixon, 　47 I had finished my high school education and had 　48 in the school football team. My father said that our town had opened a store and wanted a local athlete to 　49 its sports department(部门). The job sounded just 　50 for me but I wasn’t hired.

My 　51 had shown as if by design. “Everything happens for the best,” Mum 　52 me. Dad offered me his car to job hunt. I tried WOC Radio in Davenport. The program director told me they had already hired a/an 　53 . 　54 I left his office, my frustration boiled over(发怒). I asked aloud, “ 55 can a fellow get to be a sports announcer 　56 he can’t get a job in a radio station?”

Suddenly, I heard the director 　57 ?. “What was that you said about sports? Do you know anything about football?” Then he stood me before a microphone and asked me to 　58 an imaginary game.

It was easy, and I did it without difficulty. The director was 　59 and told me I would be broadcasting a game on the 　60 Saturday.

41.A. put　　　　　　　　　　　　　　 B. take 　　　　　　　　　　　 C. get　 　　　　　　　　　 D. carry

42.A. recognize　　 　　　　　 B. realize　　 　　　　　　 C. react　　　 　　　　　 D. respond

43.A. news　　　　　　　　　　　　 B. sports 　　　　　　　　　　 C. weather　　　 　　　 D. TV

44.A. invited　　　　　　　　　　　 B. promised　　　　　　　　 C. refused　 　　　　　　　 D. accepted

45.A. large　　　　　　　　　　　　　 B. all　　　　 　　　　　 C. good　 　　　　　　　　 D. small

46.A. experience　　　　　　　　 B. examination　 　　　　 C. agreement　 　　　　　 D. degree

47.A. which　 　　　　　　　　　 B. where　 　　　　　　　 C. there　 　　　　　　　　 D. here

48.A. played 　　　　　　　　　　　 B. joined　　　 　　　　　 C. taken　　　 　　　　 D. fought

49.A. own　 　　　　　　　　　　 B. manage　 　　　　　　　 C. report　 　　　　　　　 D. enter

50.A. possible　　　　　　　　　　 B. successful 　　　　　　 C. right　 　　　　　　　　　 D. important

51.A. disappointment　　　　　 B. delight 　　　　　　　　 C. pleasure　 　　　　　 D. interest

52.A. woke 　　　　　　　　　　　 B. advised 　　　　　　　　 C. demanded　　 　　 D. reminded

53.A. manager　 　　　　　　　 B. clerk　 　　　　　　　　　 C. worker　 　　　　　　 D. announcer

54.A. While　　　　　　　　　　　　 B. As　　 　　　　　　　　 C. Until　　 　　　　　　　 D. So

55.A. What　　　　　　　　　　　　 B. How　 　　　　　　　　　 C. Whenever　 　　　　　 D. Wherever

56.A. because　 　　　　　　　 B. but　 　　　　　　　　　 C. if　　 　　　　　　　　　 D. once

57.A. calling 　　　　　　　　　　　 B. answering 　　　　　　　 C. broadcasting　 　　　 D. announcing

58.A. make 　　　　　　　　　　　 B. act　 　　　　　　　　　　 C. broadcast　　 　　　 D. play

59.A. moved 　　　　　　　　　　 B. sorry 　　　　　　　　　 C. thankful　 　　　　　 D. satisfied

60.A. future　 　　　　　　　　　　 B. coming　 　　　　　　 C. last　 　　　 　　　　　　 D. later

Perhaps the most interesting person I have ever met in my life is an Italian professor（教授） of philosophy （哲学）who teaches at the University of Pisa. 　1 I last met this man eight years ago, I have not forgotten his 　2 qualities. First of all, I respected his 　3 to teaching. Because his lectures were always well-prepared and clearly delivered（表达）, students crowded（拥挤的） into his classroom. His followers liked the fact that he 　4 what he taught. Furthermore（再则）, he could be counted on to explain his ideas in an 　5 way, introducing such aids（帮助） to 　6 as oil paintings, music, and guest lecturers. Once he 　7 sang a song in class in order to make a point clear. 　8 , I admired the fact that he would talk to students outside the classroom or talk with them 　9 the telephone. Drinking coffee in the café, he would easily make friends with students. Sometimes he would 　10 a student to a game of chess. 　11 , he would join student groups to discuss a variety（种类） of 　12 : agriculture（农业）, diving and mathematics and so on. Many young people visited him in his office for 　13 on their studies; others came to his home for social evenings. Finally, I was 　14 by his lively sense of humor. He believed that no lesson is a success 　15 , during it, the students and the professor 　16 at least one loud 　17 . Through his sense of humor, he made learning more 　18 and more lasting. If it is 　19 that life makes a wise man smile and a foolish man cry, 　20 my friend is indeed a wise man.