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Are Boys Superior to Girls in Mathematics?
Scientists have tried to come up with biological explanations for the academic（理论的）difference between boys and girls．
However, none were believable enough to explain the general picture．As one scientist points out, “There are slight genetic differences between the sexes at birth which may affect the subjects boys and girls choose．” But the difficulty is that by the time children reach school age, there are so many other effects that it is almost impossible to tell whether girls are worse at science and math, or whether they’ve been brought up to think of these subjects as boys’ “territory”．
Statistics（统计数据） show that in mathematic, at least, girls are equal to boys．A recent report suggests girls only stop studying mathematics because of social attitudes．One of the reports’ authors says, “While it is still acceptable for women to say that they are ‘hopeless’ at math, our research shows that, although girls get marks which are as good as the boys, they have not been encouraged to do so”．
The explanation for the difference, which is very clear during the teenage years, goes as far back as early childhood experiences．From their first days in nursery school, girls are not encouraged to work on their own or to complete tasks, although boys are．For example, boys and not girls are often asked to “help” with repair work．This encouragement leads to a way of learning how to solve problems later in the life．Evidence shows that exceptional mathematics and scientists did not have teachers who supplied answers; they had to find out by themselves．
A further report on math teaching shows that teachers seem to give more attention to boys than girls．
Most teachers who took part in the study admitted that they expect their male students to do better at mathematics and science subjects than their female students．All of this tends to encourage boys to work harder in these subjects, gives them confidence and makes them believe that they can succeed．
Interestingly, both boys and girls tend to regard such “male” subjects like mathematics and science as difficult．Yet it has been suggested that girls avoid mathematics courses, not because they are difficult, but for social reasons．
Mathematics and science are mainly male subjects, and therefore, as girls become teenagers, they are less likely to take them up．Girls do not seem to want to be in open competition with boys．Neither do they want to do better than boys, because they are afraid to appear less female, and so, less attractive．
1．According to scientific studies, __________．
A．math is not fit for girls to learn
B．boys have a special sense of math
C．girls are poor at math because they are the weaker sex
D．girls can learn math as well as boys, if given enough encouragement
2．Those who made extraordinary contribution in mathematics and science ___________．
A．usually had good teachers to help them
B．had the ability to solve problem by themselves
C．usually worked harder than others
D．were encouraged to repair things when young
3．Which of the following is not true according to the passage?
A．It seems socially acceptable for a girl not to be able to read and write
B．It is a social problem rather than a problem of brains that girls are poor at math
C．Mathematics and science are not easy subjects for either girls or boys
D．There is no connection between a girl’s ability in math and her appearance
查看习题详情和答案>>Scientists have tried to come up with biological explanations for the difference between boys and girls.
However, none were believable enough to explain the general picture. As one scientist points out, “There are slight genetic differences between the sexes at birth which may affect the subjects boys and girls choose. But the difficulty is that by the time children reach school age, there are so many other effects that it is almost impossible to tell whether girls are worse at science and maths, or whether they’ve been brought up to think of these subjects as boys’‘ territory’”.
Statistics（统计数据） show that in mathematics, at least, girls are equal to boys. A recent report suggests that girls only stop studying mathematics because of social attitudes. One of the reports’ authors says, “While it is socially unacceptable for people not to be able to read and write, it is still acceptable for women to say that they are ‘hope-less’ at maths. Our research shows that, although girls get marks which are as good as the boys’, they have not been encouraged to do so.”
The explanation for the difference, which is very clear during the teenage years, goes as far back as early childhood experiences. From their first days in nursery school, girls are not encouraged to work on their own or to complete tasks, although boys are. For example, boys and not girls are often asked to ‘help’ with repair work. This encouragement leads to a way of learning how to solve problems later on in life. Evidence shows that exceptional mathematicians and scientists did not have teachers who supplied answers; they had to find out for themselves.
A further report on maths teaching shows that teachers seem to give more attention to boys than to girls.
Most teachers who took part in the study admitted that they expect their male students to do better at mathematics and science subjects than their female students. All of this tends to encourage boys to work harder in these subjects, gives them confidence（信心） and makes them believe that they can succeed.
Interestingly, both boys and girls tend to regard such ‘male’ subjects like mathematics and science as difficult. Yet it has been suggested that girls avoid mathematics courses, not because they are difficult, but for social reasons.
Mathematics and science are mainly male subjects, and therefore, as girls become teenagers, they are less likely to take them up. Girls do not seem to want to be in open competition with boys. Neither do they want to do better than boys because they are afraid to appear less female and so, less attractive.
1．The underlined word “territory” in the second paragraph most probably means _____.
A．interest B．area C．land D．district
2．According to scientific studies_____________________.
A．maths is not fit for girls to learn
B．boys have a special sense of maths
C．girls are poorer at maths because they are the weaker sex
D．girls can learn maths as well as boys if given enough encouragement
3．Which of the following is NOT true according to the text?
A．It seems socially acceptable for a girl not to be able to read and write.
B．It is a social problem rather than a problem of brains that girls are poor at maths
C．Mathematics and science are no easy subjects to either girls or boys.
D．There is no connection between a girl’s ability in maths and her appearance.
4．What would be the best title for the text?
A．Who’s afraid of Maths Anyway?
B．Are Boys Cleverer than Girls?
C．Boys Are Better at Maths than Girls by Birth
D．Maths-A Difficult Subject
查看习题详情和答案>>The new principal decided that he’d better first take a secret __1___ before doing something about Class 5A , which was the worst class in Hill Valley High School．He didn’t need to be informed ___2___ the class was, for ___3__were leading the way．
The door was shut from inside．The lock it had was missing, __4__ knocked off , just leaving a ___5___ for the principal．
Though the principal had __6___badly behaved classes before , what appeared through the 7___ was till a shock for him．It was a scene that was ___8__ seen in action films．But he knew what to do．He ___9__ go into the classroom, take hold of the ___10__ boy and punished him．This would be an example to the others．
He took a deep breath and then ___11__ open the classroom door．He had been prepared for the scene that there should be a shock of __12____ , but few treated him as an important ___13__ , and some even paid little attention to his existence．
“ Silence ! ” he shouted at the top of his voice．This time it was really __14____．They stopped what they were doing and stared at him．Quickly he walked up to the __15__ boy in the room , who he __16____had been playing an important part and also had been shouting at the others at the top of his voice．
He seized the boy by the ear and ___17__ him to the front of the class．
“ I’m going to punish you as an example to the rest , ” he said．“Now go to my office and wait for me．”
Then he turned to the class and ___18__them about how to behave in school．
To __19___ his speech, he said , “Does anyone have any questions ? ”
One of the students put up her hand．“Yes , sir．I have．When can you free my __20__ back to continue his class ? ”
1．A．watch B．inspection C．look D．examination
2．A．where B．how C．what D．when
3．A．school guides B．class titles C．terrible noise D．some teachers
4．A．other than B．or rather C．worse still D．rather than
5．A．problem B．fault C．reason D．lookout
6．A．experienced B．heard C．seen D．punished
7．A．window B．door C．gap D．hole
8．A．seldom B．hardly C．never D．often
9．A．might B．should C．would D．could
10．A．noisiest B．biggest C．smallest D．youngest
11．A．pushed B．kicked C．forced D．knocked
12．A．silence B．surprise C．cries D．paleness
13．A．teacher B．principal C．role D．person
14．A．heard B．working C．shouted D．surprising
15．A．oldest-looking B．ordinary-looking C．funny-looking D．ill-looking
16．A．believed B．supposed C．guessed D．recognized
17．A．pushed B．pulled C．ordered D．got
18．A．announced B．said C．declared D．lectured
19．A．add to B．carry on C．end up D．show off
20．A．teacher B．brother C．monitor D．desk-mate
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The young people who talk of the village as being “dead” are talking nothing but nonsense, as in their hearts they must surely know.
No, the village is not dead. There is more life in it now than there ever was. But it seems that “village life” is dead. Gone for ever. It began to decline about a hundred years ago. When many girls left home to go into service in town many miles away, and men also left home in increasing numbers in search of work, and home was where work was. There are still a number of people alive today who can remember what “village life” meant in the early years of the present century. It meant knowing and being known by everybody else in the village. It meant finding your entertainment in the village of within walking distance of it. It meant housewives tied to the home all day and every day. It meant going to bed early to save lamp oil and coal.
Then came the First World War and the Second World War. After each war, new ideas, new attitudes, new trades and occupations were revealed（展现）to villagers. The long-established order of society was no longer taken for granted. Electricity and the motorcar were steadily operating to make “village life” and “town life” almost alike. Now with the highly developed science and technology and high-level social welfare（福利）for all, there is no point whatever in talking any longer about “village life.” It is just life, and a better life.
Finally, if we have any doubts about the future, or about the many changes which we have seen in our lives, we have only to look in at the school playground any mid-morning; or see the children as they walk homeward in little groups. 0bviously these children are better fed, better clothed, better educated, healthier, prettier and happier than any generation of children that ever before walked the village street.
1．By saying that village is not dead, but “village life” is dead, the writer suggests that_______ .
A．those young people who talk of the village as being “dead” are wrong
B．the two statements are against each other
C．“village life” today is rather uninteresting
D．“village life” today is no longer like what it used to be
2．As is suggested in paragraph 2, villages in the past______________.
A．lived a simpler life than villagers today
B．knew fewer people than villagers today
C．found it difficult to enjoy themselves
D．like to wash themselves with cold water
3．The expression “…there is no point whatever in talking about…” in paragraph 3 means that______________.
A．there is no end to the talking about …
B．it is harmful to talk about …
C．it is not meaningless to talk about …
D．there is no reason for talking about …
4．What does the writer think of the “village life today”?
A．Dead. B．Worse C．Better. D．Unclear.
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