A 69-year-old grandmother with no teeth of her own has eventually won a long legal battle to stop a Scottish regional council（政务委员会）adding fluoride（氟化物）chemical to the public water supply.

In a case which has already cost the taxpayer ￡1,000,000, the judge ruled that it was beyond the powers of the local authority to add the chemical to the water in order to reduce tooth decay.

At her home last night Mrs Catherine fluoride to public drinking water made it into some kind of dirty soup. “Where would it stop?” she asked. “They might come up with the idea of putting drugs into the water to keep the unemployed quiet.” It was a horrible poison, she said, that could have caused al kinds of diseases, including cancer.

The judge, however, concluded that there was no evidence to suggest that the inclusion of fluoride in the water supply would have had a negative effect on pulpier health. Although the chemical might serve as an efficient and convenient means of achieving a beneficial effect on the dental health of consumers generally, he said, and its use was greatly favored by the dental profession, he could also understand why some members of the public, Mrs McColl in particular, might be passionately opposed to the action of the Water Authority in assuming the right to improve public well-being without consulting t77he public in the first case. The Authority’s legal duty to provide “wholesome” water for public consumption which was both safe and pleasant to drink ,did not, he said, extend to their right to safeguard public health by chemical means.

72．Mrs McColll felt so strongly about the fluoride issue that she eventually          .

A．took the local council to court

B．had a physical fight with the judge

C．urged the authority to apologize

D．spent much money removing the chemical

73．According to what the judge said in the passage, adding fluoride to the water      .

A．wasn’t proved to be harmful

B．was the duty of the local authority

C．was strongly poised by dentists

D．was surely beneficial to the public

74．Form the passage we learn that people like Mrs McColl are more concerned about      .

A．the improvement of their personal health

B．the problem of unemployment in their community

C．the chemicals to be used for the improvement of water quality

D．their right to be informed of the authorities’ decisions

A 69-year-old grandmother with no teeth of her own has eventually won a long legal battle to stop a Scottish regional council（政务委员会）adding fluoride（氟化物）chemical to the public water supply.

In a case which has already cost the taxpayer ￡1,000,000, the judge ruled that it was beyond the powers of the local authority to add the chemical to the water in order to reduce tooth decay.

At her home last night Mrs. Catherine fluoride to public drinking water made it into some kind of dirty soup. “Where would it stop?” she asked. “They might come up with the idea of putting drugs into the water to keep the unemployed quiet.” It was a horrible poison, she said, that could have caused all kinds of diseases, including cancer.

The judge, however, concluded that there was no evidence to suggest that the inclusion of fluoride in the water supply would have had a negative effect on public health. Although the chemical might serve as an efficient and convenient means of achieving a beneficial effect on the dental health of consumers generally, he said, and its use was greatly favored by the dental profession, he could also understand why some members of the public, Mrs. McColl in particular, might be passionately opposed to the action of the Water Authority in assuming the right to improve public well-being without consulting the public in the first case. The Authority’s legal duty to provide “wholesome” water for public consumption which was both safe and pleasant to drink ,did not, he said, extend to their right to safeguard public health by chemical means.

1．Mrs. McColl felt so strongly about the fluoride issue that she eventually          . AACD

A．took the local council to court

B．had a physical fight with the judge

C．urged the authority to apologize

D．spent much money removing the chemical

2．According to what the judge said in the passage, adding fluoride to the water      .

A．wasn’t proved to be harmful

B．was the duty of the local authority

C．was strongly poised by dentists

D．was surely beneficial to the public

3．Form the passage we learn that people like Mrs. McColl are more concerned about      .

A．the improvement of their personal health

B．the problem of unemployment in their community

C．the chemicals to be used for the improvement of water quality

D．their right to be informed of the authorities’ decisions

As a saying goes, every bean has its black. It is impossible to make no mistakes all one’s life. My grandpa Nybakken, a carpenter, is no   1  . Several decades ago he made a mistake — a(n)   2  mistake, though.

On a cold Saturday, Mother’s father was building some wooden cases for the clothes his   3   was sending to an orphanage (孤儿院) in China. On his way home, he  4   into his shirt pocket to find his glasses, but they were gone. He remembered putting them there that morning, so he drove back to the church. His search proved   5  .

When he   6   replayed his earlier actions, he realized what happened. The glasses had slipped out of his pocket unnoticed and fallen into one of the cases, which he had nailed shut. His brand new glasses, having   7   him ＄20 that very morning, were heading for China! He had to drive home   8  .

Several months later, the director of the orphanage came to give a report on Sunday night at my grandfather’s church,    9   Grandpa and his family also attended.

“But most of all,” he said, “I must thank you for the   10  you sent last year. You see, the bandits(土匪) had just  11   through the orphanage, destroying everything, including my glasses. I was desperate.”

“  12   I had the money, there was simply no way of   13   those glasses.   14   not being able to see well, I experienced headaches every day. Then your cases arrived. When my staff   15   the covers, they found a pair of glasses lying on top.”

Then, still gripped (吸引注意) with the  16   of it all, he continued: “Folks, when I tried   17   the glasses, it was as thought they had been custom-made just for me! I want to thank you for being a part of that!”

The people listened,    18   for the miraculous glasses. But the director surely must have  19   their church with another, they thought. There were no glasses on their  20   of items to be sent overseas.

But sitting quietly in the back, with tears streaming down his face, an ordinary carpenter realized the Master Carpenter had used him in an extraordinary way.

1．A．expectation            B．success               C．comment             D．exception

2．A．perfect                  B．foolish                 C．avoidable             D．common

3．A．factory                 B．church                C．family                 D．country

5．A．proper                  B．reasonable           C．fruitless               D．unnecessary

6．A．mentally                B．physically            C．anxiously             D．directly

7．A．charged                B．spent                   C．paid                    D．cost

8．A．disappointed          B．pleased                C．nonstop               D．quick

9．A．which                   B．what                   C．where                 D．when

10．A．cases                  B．clothes                C．glasses                D．wishes

11．A．cut                      B．swept                  C．pulled                  D．broken

12．A．Unless                 B．As long as           C．Until                   D．Even though

13．A．replacing             B．finding                C．wearing               D．changing

14．A．Except                B．Along with           C．Rather than          D．As for

15．A．nailed                  B．burnt                   C．removed              D．took

16．A．preparation          B．pleasure               C．satisfaction         D．wonder

17．A．out                     B．over                    C．for                      D．on

18．A．pity                     B．happy                  C．curious               D．eager

19．A．confused             B．associated            C．combined            D．compared

20．A．cases                  B．order                   C．list                      D．orphanage

As a saying goes, every bean has its black. It is impossible to make no mistakes all one’s life. My grandpa Nybakken, a carpenter, is no   1  . Several decades ago, he made a mistake – a（n）   2  mistake, though.

On a cold Saturday, Mother’s father was building some wooden cases for the clothes his   3  was sending to an orphanage（孤儿院）in China. On his way home, he   4  into his shirt pocket to find his glasses, but they were gone. He remembered putting them there that morning, so he drove back to the church. His search proved   5  .

When he   6  replayed his earlier actions, he realized what happened. The glasses had slipped out of his pocket unnoticed and fallen into one of the cases, which he had nailed shut. His brand new glasses, having   7  him $ 20 that very morning, were heading for China! He had to drive home   7  .

Several months later, the director of the orphanage came to give a speech on Sunday night at my grandfather’s church,  8  Grandpa and his family also attended.

“But most of all, ”he said, “I must thank you for the   10  you sent last year. You see, the bandits（土匪）had just   11  through the orphanage, destroying everything, including my glasses. I was desperate.”

“  12  I had money, there was simply no way of   13  those glasses. Along with not being able to see well, I experienced headaches every day. Then your cases arrived. When my staff   14  the covers, they found a pair of glasses lying on top.”

Then, still gripped（吸收）with the   15  of it all, he continued: “Folks, when I tried   1  the glasses, it was as though they had been made just for me! I want to thank you for being a part of that!”

The people listened,  17  at the special glasses. But the director surely must have   18  their church with another, they thought. There were no glasses on their   19  of items to be sent overseas.

But sitting quietly in the back, with tears  20  down his face, an ordinary carpenter realized the Master Carpenter had used him in an extraordinary way.

1．A．expectation            B．success               C．comment             D．exception

3．A．factory                 B．church                C．family                 D．country

4．A．turned                   B．reached               C．filled                   D．put

5．A．proper                  B．reasonable           C．fruitless               D．unnecessary

6．A．mentally                B．physically            C．anxiously             D．directly

7．A．charged                B．spent                   C．paid                    D．cost

8．A．disappointed          B．pleased                C．nonstop               D．quick

9．A．which                   B．what                   C．where                 D．when

10．A．cases                  B．clothes                C．glasses                D．wishes

11．A．  cut                    B．swept                  C．pulled                  D．broken

12．A．Unless                 B．As long as           C．Until                   D．Even though

13．A．replacing             B．finding                C．wearing               D．changing

14．A．nailed                  B．burnt                   C．removed              D．took

15．A．preparation          B．pleasure               C．satisfaction          D．wonder

16．A．out                     B．over                    C．for                      D．on

17．A．curious               B．amazed                C．anxious               D．eager

18．A．confused             B．associated            C．combined            D．compared

19．A．cases                  B．order                   C．list                      D．ship

20．A．sinking           B．looking                C．streaming           D．floating

    Language is a major problem for the European Union(EU)．The agreement or treaty (条约) which created the organization that eventually became the EU, the Treaty of Rome，stated that each country’s language must be treated equally．The original six countries had only three languages between them：French, German and Dutch . However, there are now 15 countries in the EU, with a total of 12 languages. EU documents must be translated into all these languages，and at official meetings, the speeches must be translated into all the languages by interpreters.

    All this translating is very expensive and time consuming . It is said that nearly half of all employees of the EU are engaged in translating documents and speeches, and nearly half of the EU’s administrative (管理方面的) costs are spent on this task．In the near future it is probable that several more countries, most of them having their own languages, will join the EU, thus making the situation even worse.

    The problem is not just cost：there are practical difficulties as well. With 12 languages，there are 132 possible “translation situations” that might be needed．It is often difficult to find people in the right place at the right time who can translate from (for example) Danish into Greek, or Dutch into Portuguese, at a high professional standard.

    In practice, the problem has been made less severe by the use of English in many contacts between EU officials，since almost all of them speak some English. However, any action to reduce the number of official languages (perhaps to four or five) would be a blow to the pride of the smaller countries. Another commonly suggested solution is to make English the official language for all EU business. However, this is strongly resisted by powerful member countries like France and Germany.

What’s the main purpose of this passage?

    A．To give a solution to a problem．

    B．To find out a problem and show how severe it is

    C．To criticize the European Union for inefficiency．

    D．To show that the problem cannot be solved．

According to the writer，the use of English in contacts among EU officials has _________.

    A．angered the officials who don’t speak English

    B．increased the number of official languages

    C．reduced the effect of the problem

    D．been supported by powerful member countries

The writer mentions “Danish into Greek” as an example of ________.

    A．a situation that might be difficult to deal with

    B．a situation that occurs at times

    C．one of the 12 situations that requires an interpreter

    D．languages easily being interpreted

The writer suggests that if the number of official languages were reduced, ________

    A．the EU would not know which official languages to choose

B．countries whose languages were not used officially would be unhappy

    C．only easy languages would be used officially   

    D．the smaller member countries would be pleased