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Directions：Read the following passage．Fill in the numbered blanks by using the information from the passage
Write NO MORE THAN THREE WORDS for each answer．
Since the earliest civilizations, people have controlled rivers to meet society's demands．Today, rivers are controlled for many reasons, primarily to maintain reliable water supplies for daily, agricultural and industrial needs, for power generation, for navigation(航行), and to prevent flooding．
River control is achieved by channelization, a term that covers a range of river engineering works, including widening, deepening, straightening and stabilization of banks, and by the construction of dams．
An important period of channelization took place in Europe during the l9'th century, when many large rivers were straightened and their beds deepened．One of the most dramatically changed was the Tisza River, a branch of the Danube that flows through Hungary．The controlling of the Tisza, designed to reduce flooding and make land for agriculture, included cutting off more than 100 meanders(河曲), shortening the river's length by nearly 400 kilometers．
One of the most common ways in which people control rivers is by damming them．The past 50 years or so has seen an increase in dam construction worldwide, and at the beginning of the 21st century, there were about 800, 000 dams globally, some towering more than 200 meters in height．
Despite their successes, many dams also cause significant environmental changes that prove harmful．Some particularly deep reservoirs(水库)can bring about earthquakes due to the stress on their bottom rocks caused by huge volumes of water．Downstream of a reservoir, the river is certainly influenced in many ways：water volume, speed and quality are all affected, leading to changes in the landscape and among plants and animals．
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阅读理解
阅读下列短文，从每题所给的A、B、C、D四个选项中选出最佳选项。
It is hard to predict how science is going to turn out, and if it is really good science it is impossible to predict. If the things to be found are actually new, they are by difinition unknown in advance. You cannot make choices in this matter. You either have science or you don’t and if you have it you are obliged to accept the surprising and disturbing pieces of information, along with the neat and promptly useful bits.
The only solid piece of scientific truth about which I feel totally confident is that we are profoundly ignorant about nature. Indeed, I regard this as the major discovery of the past hundred years of biology. It is, in its way, an illuminating piece of news. It would have amazed the brightest minds of the 18th century Enlightenment to be told by any of us how little we know and how bewildering seems the way ahead. It is this sudden confrontation with the depth and scope of ignorance that represents the most significant contribution of the 20th century science to the human intellect. In earlier times, we either pretended to understand how things Worked or ignored the problem, or simply made up stories to fill the gaps. Now that we have begun exploring in earnest, we are getting glimpses of how huge the questions are, and how far from being answered. Because of this, we are depressed. It is not so bad being ignorant if you are totally ignorant, the hard thing is knowing in some detail the reality of ignorance, the worst spots and here and there the not-so-had spots, but no true light at the end of the tunnel nor even any tunnels than can yet be trusted.
But we are making a beginning, and there ought to be some satisfaction. There are probably no questions we can think up that can’ t be answered, sooner or later, including even the matter of consciousness. To be sure, there may well be questions we can’t think up, ever, and therefore limits to the reach of human intellect, but that is another matter. Within our limits, we should be able to work our way through to all our answers, if we keep at it long enough, and pay attention.
1．According to the author, really good science ________.
[ ]
A．would surprise the brightest minds of the 18th century Enlightenment
B．will produce results which cannot be foreseen
C．will help people to make the right choice in advance
D．will bring about disturbing results
2．It can be inferred from the passage that scientists of the 18 th century ________.
[ ]
A．thoutht that they knew a great deal and could solve most problems of science
B．were afraid of facing up to the realities of scientific research
C．knew that they were ignorant and wanted to know more about nature
D．did more harm than good in promoting man’ s understanding of nature
3．What is the author’s attitude towards science?
[ ]
A．He is depressed because of the ignorance of scientists.
B．He is doubtful because of the enormous difficulties in scientific research.
C．He is confident though he is aware of the enormous difficulties in scientific research.
D．He is delighted because of the illuminating scientific findings.
4．The author believes that ________.
[ ]
A．man can find solutions sooner or later to whatever questions concerning nature he can think up
B．man can not solve all the problems he can think up because of the limits of human intellect
C．sooner or later man can think up all the questions concerning nature and answer them
D．questions concerning consciousness are outside the scope of scientific research
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Complaining(抱怨)about faulty goods or bad service is never easy. Most people dislike making a fuss(大惊小怪). But if something you have bought is faulty or does not do what is instructed for it, you are not asking for a favor to get it put right. It is the shopkeeper's responsibility(负责) to take the complaint seriously and to replace or repair a faulty article or put right poor service, because he is the person with whom you have entered into an agreement. The manufacturer may have a part to play but that comes later.
Complaints should be made to a responsible person. Go back to the shop where you bought the goods, taking with you any receipt(发票)you may have. Ask to see the buyer in a large store. In a small store the assistant may also be the owner or you can complain directly. In a chain store ask to see the manager. If you telephone, ask the name of the person who handles your enquiry, otherwise you may never find out who dealt with the complaint later.
Even the bravest person finds it difficult to stand up in group of people to complain, so if you do not want to do it in person, write a letter. Stick to the facts and keep a copy of what you write. At this stage you should give any receipt numbers, but you should not need to give receipts or other papers to prove you bought the article. If you are not satisfied with the answer you get, or if you do not get a reply, write to the managing director of the firm, shop, or organization. Be sure to keep copies of your own letters and any you receive.
(1)The shopper makes a complaint because ________.
[ ]
A．he dislikes causing a fuss
B．it doesn't do what is instructed for it
C．the article bought is not up to standard
D．he was at fault in buying the article
(2)When complaining in person, you should ________.
[ ]
A．get a receipt for what you buy
B．speak to to a responsible person
C．talk directly to the assistant
D．ask to see the buyer
(3)When complaining on the telephone ________.
[ ]
A．you should speak directly to the owner
B．you must ask for the manager
C．you may never find nut who dealt with the matter
D．you should find out with whom you discuss the matter
(4)If you write a letter to complain ________.
[ ]
A．it is important to keep a record of what you say
B．it is necessary to send receipts
C．say how you feel about the matter
D．ask what receipt numbers you should give
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