摘要: They dressed up like ghosts to t people. 71.

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阅读下列短文,从每题所给的四个选项A、B、C和D中,选出最佳选项。

Language as a System of Symbols

  Of all systems of symbols(符号),language is the most highly developed.It has been pointed out that human beings,by agreement,can make anything stand for anything.Human beings have agreed,in the course of centuries of mutual(相互的)dependency,to let the various noises that they can produce with their lungs,throats,tongues,teeth,and lips systematically stand for certain happenings in their nervous systems.We call that system of agreements language.

  There is no necessary connection between the symbol and that which it stands for.Just as social positions can be symbolized by feathers worn on the head,by gold on the watch chain,or by a thousand other things according to the culture we live in,so the fact of being hungry can be symbolized by a thousand different noises according to the culture we live in.

  However obvious these facts may appear at first glance,they are actually not so obvious as they seem except when we take special pains to think about the subject.Symbols and the things they stand for are independent of each other,yet we all have a way of feeling as if,and sometimes acting as if,there were necessary connections.For example,there are people who feel that foreign languages are unreasonable by nature:foreigners have such funny names for things,and why can't they call things by their right names?This feeling exhibits itself most strongly in those English and American tourists who seem to believe that they can make the natives of any countryunderstand English if they shout loud enough.Like the little boy who is reported to have said:“Pigs are called pigs because they are such dirty animals,”they feel that the symbol is inherently(内在地)connected iff some way with the things symbolized.

(1)

Language is a highly developed system of symbols because human beings ________

[  ]

A.

have made use of language for centuries

B.

use our nervous systems to support language

C.

have made various noises stand for any events

D.

can make anything stand for anything by agreement

(2)

What can we conclude from Paragraph 2?

[  ]

A.

Different noises may mean different things.

B.

Our culture determines what a symbol stands for.

C.

The language we use symbolizes our social positions.

D.

Our social positions determine the way we are dresse.

(3)

In Paragraph 3,“take special pains”probably means“________”

[  ]

A.

try very hard

B.

take our time

C.

are very unhappy

D.

feel especially painful

(4)

The example of the little boy is used to show that ________

[  ]

A.

adults often learn from their young

B.

“pig”is a dirty word because pigs are dirty

C.

words are not connected with the things they stand for

D.

people sometimes have wrong ideas about how language works

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     The report came to the British on May 21, 1941. The German battleship Bismarck, the most powerful warship in the world, was moving out into the Atlantic Ocean. Her task: to destroy the ships carrying supplies from the United States to war-torn England.

     The British had feared such a task. No warship they had could match the Bismarck in speed in firepower. The Bismarck had eight 15-inch guns and 81 smaller guns. She could move at 31 nautical miles (海里) an hour. She was believed to be unsinkable.?However, the British had to sink her. They sent out a task force headed by their best battleship Hood to hunt down the Bismarck. On May 24, the Hood found the Bismarck.?

    It was a meeting that the German commander Luetjens did not want to see. His orders were to destroy the British ships that were carrying supplies, but to stay away from a fight with British warships.?

    The battle didn't last long. The Bismarck's first torpedo (鱼雷) hit the Hood, which went down taking all but three of her 1 419 men with her.?

    But in the fight, the Bismarck was slightly damaged (损坏). Her commander decided to run for repair to France, which had at that time been taken by the Germans. The British force followed her. However, because of the Bismarck's speed and the heavy fog, they lost sight of her.?

     For two days, every British ship in the Atlantic tried to find the Bismarck, but with no success. Finally, she was sighted by a plane from Ireland. Trying to slow the Bismarck down so that their ships could catch up with her, the British fired at her from the air. The Bismarck was hit.?

    On the morning of May 27, the last battle was fought. Four British ships fired on the Bismarck, and she was finally sunk.?

61. The Bismarck sailed into the Atlantic Ocean _______.?

A.   to sink the Hood                                                            B. to gain control of France?

C. to cut off American supplies to British                                D. to stop British warship reaching German

62. Many people believed that Bismarck could not be defeated because she _______.?

A. was fast and powerful                                                B. had more men on board?

C. was under Luetjens' command                                     D. had biggest guns than other ships?

63. We learn from the text that on 24 May _______.?

A. the British won the battle against the Bismarck?

B. the Bismarck won the battle against the British?

C. the British gunfire damaged the Bismarck seriously?

D. the Bismarck succeeded in keeping away from the British

64. Luetjens tried to sail to France in order to _______.?

A. have the ship repaired                                                B. join the other Germans?

C. get help from the French                                            D. get away from the British?

65. Which of the following is the immediate cause of the sinking of the Bismarck??

A. The British air strikes.?                                             B. The damage done by the Hood.?

C. Gunfire from four British ships.?                                D. Luetjens' decision to run for France.?

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