注意：每空不超过3个单词。
Frederick M. Hess is the director of education policy studies in American. He says that a long summer vacation doesn't make sense in today's world.
In a summer vacation, millions of kids spend valuable time sending messages, watching TV, playing video games and doing shopping in the mall. These activities are putting their futures at risk.
Summer vacation once made sense in the past when you didn't need an education to get a good job. But now things have changed. For today's students, academic(学术的) skills are important to students' future success, but such skills are affected in the summertime. Most American schools offer up to thirteen weeks summer vacation.
Summer vacation also causes challenges for today's families. In the 1960s, more than 60% of families had a stay-at-home Mom. Now two-thirds of American children live in households where every adult works. For these families, summer vacation can be more burden than break. Someone must watch the kids.
“A longer school year does not have to be hard and boring work. Instead, it should allow teachers to give richer and more imaginative lessons,” Frederick M. Hess suggested, “Schools would have more time to devote to athletics, languages, music and the arts”.
Summer vacation can be a grand thing. But in the 21st century, it may also be outdated.
Title: Long Summer Vacation

Babies who are slow to gain weight in the first months of their lives generally catch up to their peers by age 13,a large UK study shows, Researchers said the results would make parents whose babies fail to put on weight quickly less worried.

The researchers looked at data from ,11,499 children who took part in a large study, It showed that 507 who were slow to gain weight in the first eight weeks of life recovered fairly quickly and had almost caught up by age 2. Another group of 480 who were slow to gain between eight weeks and nine months continued to put on weight slowly until they were seven years ,but then had a sudden increase and caught up by age 13, The different pattems of recovery between the two groups were likely due to different reasons for slow weight gain ,the researchers said, All the children were still lighter and shorter than their peers by the time they were teenagers ,but within the normal range.

The findings highlight the importance of monitoring a baby’s weight and height gain during the first few weeks and months ,but not creating anxiety with parents of slow-growing babies, said the study leader Prof Alan Emond from the University of Bristol.

“In the past, a lot of parents have been caused unnecessary anxiety by heaith professionals and this is a positive and reassuring message.”He said in many cases of slow growth where children do not follow the standard’curve’(曲线)it is just because they are following their genetic potential.

Dr Simon Newell, vice-president of the Royal College of Paediatrics and Child Health, said he broadly agreed with the concluslons of the researchers but stressed that poor weight gain was something that needed to be monitored closely, “I would encourage parents to use growth charts but if measurements show your baby is smaller than averager it may be completely normal, ”he said.

1.What can we know from the findings of the research?

A、All the cases of slow weight gain in the first months of the babies’ lives are caused by the same reason

B、Slow-growing babies will have the same height and weight with their peers by age13

C、Many cases of children whose growth don’t meet the growing standard curve cannot be treated as abnormal

D、The findings won’t cause parents’ anxiety so monitoring a baby’s growth from his/her birth is unnecessary

2.Which of the following statements is true according to the passage?

A、It’s important to monitor a baby’s weight and height gain for new parents

B、New parents should feel anxious about their baby’s weight and height gain

C、Researches still couldn’t find the reasons for slow weight gain

D、All the children’s weight and height became normal by age 13

3.What does the underlined word in the fourth paragraph mean?

A、Making sure something is certain to be true

B、Making someone calmer and less anxious

C、Confirming something is to happen again

D、Being sure that someone can be attracted

4.Which of the statements would Dr Simon Newell agree to?

A、To some degree, growth charts can help parents monitor their babies’ weight gain

B、It’s abnormal for babies are smaller than average

C、He agreed with the researchers completely

D、Babies’ weight gain can only be monitored and measured by using growth charts.

5.The writer wrote this passage in order to         

A、tell us how to help babies grow faster

B、explain why babies are gain weight slowly

C、report on the findings of a research   

D、reduce the anxiety of some parents

第三部分：阅读理解（共20小题，每题2分，满分40分）
阅读下列短文，从每题所给的四个选项（A、B、C和D）中，选出最佳选项，并在答题卡上将该项涂黑。
Eight – year – old Jesse Abrogate was playing in the sea late one evening in July 2001 when a 7 – foot bull shark attacked him and tore off his arm. Jesse’s uncle jumped into the sea and dragged the boy to shore. The boy was not breathing. His aunt gave him mouth – to – mouth resuscitation (人工呼吸) while his uncle rang the emergency services. Pretty soon, a helicopter arrived and flew the boy to hospital. It was a much quicker journey than the journey by road.
Jesse’s uncle, Vance Folsenzier, ran back into to the sea and found the shark that had attacked his nephew. He picked the shark up and threw it onto the beach. A coastguard shot the fish four times and although this did not kill it, the shark’s jaws relaxed so that they could open them, and reach down into its stomach, and pull out the boy’s arm.
At the Baptist Hospital in Pensacola, Dr Ian Rogers spent eleven hours reattaching Jesse’s arm. “It was a complicated operation,” he said, “but we were lucky. If the arm hadn’t been recovered in time, we wouldn’t have been able to do the operation at all. What I mean is that if they hadn’t found the shark, well then we wouldn’t have had a chance.’
According to local park ranger Jack Tomosvic, shark attacks are not that common. “Jesse was just unlucky,” he says, “evening is the shark’s feeding time. And Jesse was in area without lifeguards. This would never have happened if he had been in area where swimming is allowed.’
When reporters asked Jesse’s uncle how he had had the courage to fight a shark, he replied, “I was mad and you do some strange things when you’re mad.”
1．What was the boy doing when the accident happened?
A．Feeding a hungry shark.     B．Jumping into the rough sea.
C．Dragging a boy to the shore.   D．Swimming in a dangerous area.
2．In which way did the boy’s uncle help with the operation?
A．By finding his lost arm.     B．By shooting the fish.
C．By flying him to hospital.          D．By blowing into his mouth.
3．How was his uncle in time of danger?
A．Careful.    B．Brave.      C．Optimistic.       D．Patient.

请认真阅读下列短文，并根据所读内容在文章后表格中的空格里填入最恰当的单词。
注意：每空格1个单词。
For years, the automobile industry has been testing vehicles that use hydrogen as fuel. Now, people across the United States have had a chance to see and even drive cars that get power from hydrogen fuel cells (燃料电池).
But the hydrogen fuel cell is not a new idea. The fuel cell was first invented by Sir William Grove of Britain in 1839. Since then, many different designs, have been invented. There is one place where fuel cells are a proven technology: in space. The American space agency used fuel cells in its Apollo spaceships in the twentieth century.
The most useful fuel cell for transportation purposes is the Polymer Electrolyte Membrane, or P.E.M. fuel cell. It is simple and can operate at temperatures of sixty to eighty degrees Celsius. That is much lower than other fuel cell designs. A P.E.M. fuel cell has two sides divided by a thin membrane (膜). Hydrogen gas is forced through one side where it comes in contact with a reactive material containing the metal platinum(铂). The membrane separates the electrons(电子) from the protons(质子) in the hydrogen atoms. The protons pass through it to the other side of the fuel cell. But the electrons are captured to do work; like powering a motor. Oxygen from the air is forced into the other side of the fuel cell. There, the gas meets the protons that have passed through the membrane. They combine to form water and heat. A single fuel cell does not produce a lot of electricity. But when many fuel cells are combined, they can produce enough electricity to power a vehicle. The product of the chemical reaction that powers fuel cells is water. This makes fuel cells a very clean technology.
Hydrogen fuel cell cars have been slow to develop because of many technical problems that have to be solved. For example, it is unclear how long the membranes in P.E.M. fuel cells will last. Also, fuel cells need water for their chemical reactions. They must be designed to start easily at low temperatures and in dry climates. And smaller, less costly fuel cells must be designed before they can truly take the place of gasoline engines. Now more models of fuel cell vehicles are being tested than ever before. The threat of climate change and the high cost of oil have increased interest in these vehicles that do not cause pollution.

Attempts to understand the relationship between social behavior and health have their origin in history. Dubos (1969) suggested that primitive（原始的）humans were closer to the animals because they, too, relied upon their instincts to stay healthy. Yet some primitive humans recognized a cause and effect relationship between doing certain things and alleviating（减轻）symptoms of a disease or improving the condition of a wound. Since there was so much that primitive humans did not understand about the functioning of the body, magic became an integral component of the beliefs about the causes and cures of health disorders. So it is not surprising that early humans thought that illness was caused by evil spirits. Primitive medicines made from vegetables or animals were invariably used in combination with some form of ritual (礼仪) to drive harmful spirits away from a diseased body.

  One of the earliest attempts in the Western world to formulate principles of health care based upon rational thought and rejection of supernatural phenomena is found in the work of the Greek physician Hippocrates. Little is known of Hippocrates who lived around 400 B.C., not even whether he actually authored the collection of books that bears his name. Nevertheless, the writings attributed to him have provided a number of principles underlying modern medical practice. One of his most famous contributions, the Hippocratic Oath, is the foundation of contemporary medical ethics (道德). Among other things, it requires a physician to swear that he or she will help the sick, keep oneself from intentional wrong-doing or harm, and keep secret all matters to keep the doctor-patient relationship.

  Hippocrates also argued that medical knowledge should be derived（源自于）from an understanding of the natural sciences and the logic of cause and effect relationships. In this classic thesis, On Airs, Waters, and Places, Hippocrates pointed out that human-being is influenced by the totality of environmental factors: living habits or lifestyle, climate, geography of the land, and the quality of air and food. Interesting enough, concerns about our health and the quality of air, water, and places are still very much written in the twentieth century.

1.The topic of the first paragraph is summarized in ________.

A. the first sentence of the paragraph

B. the second sentence of the paragraph

C. the third sentence of the paragraph

D. the last sentence of the paragraph

2.Why did primitive humans rely on magic in their beliefs about the causes and cures of diseases?

A. Because magic was an inseparable part of their life.

B. Because they had little knowledge about the functioning of the body.

C. Because the diseases were caused by the evil spirits.

D. Because magic must be used in going through the rituals to drive out the evil spirits.

3.Considering Hippocrates’ background, we can see from the second paragraph that ________.

A. he was the forefather of modern medicine

B. experts are sure that the books bearing his name were not written by him

C. he had a rational mind aided by supernatural instincts

D. experts do not know much about him except when and where he lived

4.All of the following are included in the Hippocratic Oath EXCEPT ________.

A. helping patients

B. keeping oneself from harming patients

C. keeping secret all matters to maintain a good relationship with the patients

D. obeying rules for modern medicine practice

5.Which of the following best expressed the main idea of the last paragraph?

A. Doctor’s concerns remain unchanged.

B. Medicine comes from nature.

C. Environment affects health.

D. Climate determines lifestyle.