阅读下面的短文，然后按照要求写一篇150词左右的英语短文。

【阅读材料】

A Thirsty World

Three-fourths of the earth’s surface is covered by water, some of which is frozen and most of which is salty. In fact, less than one percent left for all the living things.

Now fresh water is becoming scare, but more and more is needed because of the increasing number of people. Some industries also use amounts of fresh water in the production of things such as steel, paper, and rubber. These factories have polluted water flow into rivers without making it clean. What’s more, people in the city have much dirtied water piped into ditches after cooking every day.

Scientists estimate that the need for fresh water will have doubled by the year 2003. This means that we must find new ways of saving it or producing it. Some nations have worked on the problem and are already sharing their information with others. They are trying to keep their rivers from being polluted. Deep wells are also being dug, and rainwater is being collected in huge artificial lakes. In one way or another, they hope to provide enough water to satisfy the needs of their people. For example, one important wayof producing water is to distill(用蒸馏法提取) it from sea water. After the salt has been removed, sea water can be used not only for drinking but also for industry and irrigation. However, the equipment for distillation process is very expensive. Distilled water might be as dear as gold if pollution goes on.

[写作内容]

1.      概括短文的内容要点，该部分的字数大约30；

2.      就”环境污染的原因与控制”这个主题发表你的看法，至少包括以下的内容要点，该部分的字数大约120；

a)      环境污染是由什么原因引起的？简单地举例子说明。

b)     为了解决污染问题，国家政府部门应该做些什么？

c)      为了解决污染问题，公民做些什么？

d)     为了解决污染问题，我们学生应该做些什么？

【写作要求】

可以利用实例或其他论述方法支持你的论点，也可以参照阅读材料的内容，但不得直接引用阅读材料中的句子。

（共5小题，每小题2分，满分10分）

根据短文内容，从短文后的选项中选出能填入空白处的最佳选项。选项中由两项为多余选项。

The Mississippi

       The Mississippi is a great river whose relationship with man goes way back beyond its discovery in the 16th century. The River Indians used it as a highway and as a source of food, and it was they who gave it its name—“misi” meaning “great” and “sipi” meaning “water”．When the length of its branch, the Missouri, is added to it, the Mississippi becomes greater.  From the source of the Missouri to the tip of the delta (三角洲), it is 2, 480 miles long.

       Great rivers are likely to suffer floods. In 1927 the Mississippi flooded 26 thousand acres, sweeping away farms, towns, everything in its path. In 1938 its floods drowned or killed 200 people and made millions homeless. Today the river has largely been controlled.   .

       Industries have spread down some of the waterways of the delta, but otherwise the delta is a remote place, the homeland of a little colony of French Canadians that the British drove out of Nova Scotia in the 18th century. They still speak French, mixed with English, Indian, Spanish and Negro idioms. They keep to themselves, farming the rich soil of the delta.  .

       Pioneers who first reached its banks wondered not only where it went, but what lay beyond. In 1764 the French founded a city on the right bank of the river, and named it after their king, Louis XV. This city, named St. Louis, became the jumping-off(起点) place for the adventurous men and women who opened up the Great Plains, and the way to the Far West.

       Some 40 years earlier, at the beginning of the 18th century, the French had founded another city just above the Mississippi delta, New Orleans.  . New Orleans is one of the great ports of the world, and one of the greatest terminals for both sea and river traffic.

       A．It was the Mississippi that made the city what it is

       B．Levees, high banks built of earth, hold back the flood waters

       C．Therefore, as we know, it’s the third longest river in the world

       D．It is known that the “Great Water” has also been a frontier river

       E．However, they paddled up and down the Mississippi in their boats to seek their fortune

       F．The “Great Water” always remains a threat, for the streets of the city are below the level

of the river

       G． They call themselves Cajuns, who have actually been leading fairly primitive lives and

preserving their own traditions

It’s not only rocket scientists and journalists who are following the course of “Shenzhou V”,or “Divine ship/vessel V”.There are also lexicographers,or dictionary compilers.The flight of the Spacecraft last week might help put some new words into orbit.?

One of them is a western media coinage used to refer to the Chinese astronauts.It s a combination of the Chinese pinyin “taikong”,meaning space,and the English “astronaut”,from classical Greek:“star sailor/navigator”,for people who was going into space as a career.

In the Reuters and AP reports of October 15,“taikonaut” was used as a proper noun.For example:The long March 2F rocket carrying “taikonaut” Yang Liwei lifted off into a clear blue sky over the Gobi desert at 9 am and entered its orbit 10 minutes later.?

A Long March 2F rocket called the Shenzhou V—“divine ship” in Chinese—carried a single “taikonaut” named Yang Liwei,38,following Russian cosmonaut Yuri Gagarin and American Alan Shepard in 1961.?

The word “taikonaut” is not a newly coined term.It first emerged in November,1999,when China launched its first unmanned “Shenzhou Ⅰ” spacecraft.?

At that lime,some English news media predicted that China would soon launch a manned space flight and created the word “taikonaut” for the Chinese astronauts.It was then borrowed by the Germans media.?

But it was left out of mainstream dictionaries,such as the Merriam—Webster Dictionary and Cambridge Advanced English ?

Learner’s Dictionary.?

However,the launch of the “Shenzhou V” will most likely help boost its status since there is already a word referring specifically to Russian astronauts in the dictionary entry.?

An astronaut of Russian (or the former Soviet Union)is called a “cosmonaut”,from the Russian “kosmonaut”.The word was derived from classical Greek:“kosmonaut” (universal)and “nautes”.One might argue that “cosmonaut” is a Russian variation on the earlier word “astronaut”.

On March 14,1995,US astronaut Norman Thagard became the first American to ride into space on-board a Russian launch vehicle,arguably making him the first American cosmonaut.?

And if this trend of coinage continues,more English variations for astronaut will appear as more countries are able to send their own astronauts into outer space,what would Western journalists call an astronaut from India or Africa we’ll have to wait to see.?

66.Give the best title of the passage.(within 10 words)?

解析:主旨大意题。本文主要介绍了因为中国载人航天事业的发展而派生的一个新英语词汇“taikonaut”的由来。?