We need to make better use of our resources. In developing countries we have more than enough, if we are less wasteful in our ways. Fortunately, we can improve. The challenge lies not so much with ‘technical fixes’ but with our approach to our world around us. In the recent past we were in a “Wild West” economy, supposing that there would always be enough resources. Now we know there are no new Earth to explore and exploit; one image to illustrate this is to think of Earth as a spaceship, where most materials have to be recycled. For us, “moving on” will be a case of leaving behind the throwaway society and advancing to a conserver society.
To qualify as citizens of a conserver society, we must change traditional attitudes and thinking. We need to recognize that there is not very often such a thing as “waste”, rather, there are materials which sometimes end up in the wrong place. The change has already begun. The European steel industry reuses scrap（废弃的）metal, resulting in an energy saving of up to 50% . Recycling a glass container saves only 18%; but, in parts of the United States, a citizen buying a bottle of soda or beer now pays a deposit against return of the empty bottle.
If all drink containers in the USA were to be reused, the annual saving would be 0.5 million tons glass, plus about 50 million barrels of oil used in production processes. In Japan, OPEC promoted an increase in recycling of raw materials from 16% to 48% in just five years. In Norway, the price of a new car includes a disposal cost element of about 100 dollars, redeemable（可换成现款的）when the junked car is turned in at an approved receiving center.
Major new businesses are trying to exploit waste chemicals and oil. The Chinese claim to reuse 2.5 million tons of scrap iron and at least one million tons of waste paper each year. In the main, the conserver society depends on the commitment of individuals. But they can be encouraged by government incentive(鼓励) and punishment, which should apply at least as strongly to industry and other commercial interests.
73  Which of the following best expresses the meaning of “a conserver society” in the second paragraph?
A. A wasteful society.
B. A society which thinks of  ways of recycling waste materials.
C. A society which keeps everything.
D. A society which saves electricity.
74  In the last paragraph, the author suggests governments _______.
A. depends on individuals to find ways of conserving energy.
B. find ways of encouraging those industries and individuals who conserve energy and of punishing those who don’t.
C. depend on companies to find ways of saving energy and rewarding workers
D. help establish businesses that will exploit waste materials
75  In this passage the author _______.
A. explains that meaning of the “Wild West” economy
B. tells us what recycled materials are.
C. teaches us how to recycle materials.
D. recommend a change in our use of resources strongly

C
Today， we have a world economy. Canadian businesses and workers must compete with businesses and workers in other countries.
Every year， more Canadian factories are closing or moving。 They cannot compete with factories in countries where wages（工资） are low. In the future, there will be fewer jobs for factory workers in Canada.
Many Canadian businesses are trying to spend less money. For example, they are hiring more part-time workers and more temporary(临时的) workers. They are employing fewer permanent(永久的)full-time workers. More services, fewer goods. Canada’s economy is changing. Businesses are making fewer goods(for example: shoes and radios). But Canadian businesses are providing more services to people.
In the future, there will be more jobs for people who provide services. For example: sales people, waiters and waitresses, home health care workers, bakers and cooks.
There will be fewer jobs for other kinds of workers(for example: farmers , miners , fishermen, forestry workers and factory workers).Many new jobs will be in small businesses with 20 or 30 employees. Technology machines are changing the way people work. Business are using many machines (for example: computers and robots).
Businesses will need fewer workers. And some jobs will disappear. Many grown-ups will have to go back to school or train for new jobs. Workers will not stay in the same job for their lifetime. The population of Canada is changing.
Today, many Canadians are in their 30s and 40s. They need goods and services. As they get older, they will need different goods and services.
Canadians come from many cultures. They have different customs and religions. Employers and workers must learn to work with many different people.
44. World economy means_________ to Canada.
A. closing and moving           B. competition
C. low wages                   D. improvement
45. Which of the following will be fewer in the future in Canada?
A. Restaurants       B. Shops        C. Doctors  D. Farmers
46. Businesses will need fewer workers because_____________.
A.  the owners can’t afford them
B. some jobs will disappear
C. machines will take the place of workers in many ways
D. the workers will have to be trained for new jobs
47. Which of the following statements is TRUE?
.A. Many people who come from different cultures will work together.
B. All Canadians have the same culture and religion
C. Different cultures will do good to Canada
D. Many Canadians will change their jobs in the future.

第二节完形填空（共20小题；每小题1.5分，满分30分）
My first job was at a local diner, where I worked for seven years and learned so many lessons, especially from a fellow waitress.
Helen was in her 60s and had extraordinary self-respect, something I was really lacking. I looked up to Helen 41  she was doing what she loved---  42  people--and nobody did it  43  . She always made everyone, customers and co-workers,   44   and feel good.
Being a waitress changed my life. One of my 45 customers was Fred Hasbrook. He always ate an omelet, and when I saw him 46 , I tried to have it on his table as soon as he sat down.
Thanks to the newfound confidence I 47 from Helen, I dreamed of having my own 48 .But when I called my parents to ask for a loan (贷款), they said, "We just don't have the  49 ."
The next day, Fred saw me and asked, "What's up? You're not smiling today”. I 50 my dream with him and said, "Fred, I know I can do more if somebody would just have 51  in me."
Before long he handed me checks totaling $ 50,000--along with a  52  that read, "The only collateral(抵押) on this loan is my trust in your  53  as a person. Good people with a dream should have the 54 to realize that dream."
I took the checks to Merrill Lynch, where the money was provided for me. I 55 working at the diner, making 56 for the restaurant I would open. My plans failed, 57 , and I lost the money.
Later I decided to apply for a job at Merrill Lynch. Even though I had no experience, I was  58 and ended up becoming a pretty good agent.  59 I paid back Fred the $ 50,000, plus 14 percent annual interest. Five years later, I was able to 60 my own firm.
41. A. because          B. though                C. while                  D. unless
42. A. helping          B. respecting             C. serving                  D. praising
43. A. faster           B. better                 C. harder                 D. later
44. A. drink            B. digest                C. smile                  D. sing
45. A. regular          B. favorite              C. tough                         D. fresh
46. A. eating           B. greeting              C. ordering                D coming
47. A. found out        B. picked up            C. got back                D. took away
48. A. restaurant        B. confidence            C. house                  D. work
49. A. choice           B. way                  C. idea                   D. money
50. A. exchanged               B. discussed               C. shared                 D. analyzed
51. A. patience           B. pride                     C. faith                        D. interest
52. A. letter            B. sign                  C. notice                  D. note
53. A. honesty          B. responsibility         C. devotion              D. motivation
54. A. ability            B. luck                       C. time                 D. chance
55. A. loved                   B. practiced             C. continued           D. enjoyed
56. A. adjustments      B. plans                C. decisions             D. suggestions
57. A. instead                  B. therefore             C. though               D. meanwhile
58. A. hired             B. rejected              C. encouraged           D. determined
59. A. Fortunately       B. Excitedly             C. Personally                  D. Eventually
60. A. design            B. open                C. restart                  D. expand

    By far the most common difficulty in study is simple failure to get down to regular concentrated work. This difficulty is much greater for those who do not work to a plan and have no regular routine of study. Many students muddle along, doing a bit of this subject or that, as the mood takes them, or letting their set work pile up until the last possible moment.
Few students work to a set timetable. They say that if they did work out a timetable for themselves they would not keep to it, or would have to change it frequently, since they can never predict (foresee) from one day to the next what their activities will be.
No doubt some students take much more kindly to a regular routine than others. There are many who shy away from a self-controlled weekly timetable, and dislike being tied down to a fixed programme of work . Many able students state that they work in cycles. When they become interested in a topic they work on it attentively for three or four days at a time. On other days they avoid work completely. It has to be admitted that we do not fully understand the motivation to work. Most people over 25 years of age have become used to a work routine, and the majority of really productive workers set aside regular hours for the more important areas of their work. The “tough-minded” school of workers doesn’t fully accept the idea that good work can only be done naturally, under the influence of inspiration.
Those who believe that they need only work and study as the fit takes them have a mistaken belief either in their own talent or in the value of “freedom”. Freedom from control and discipline  leads to unhappiness rather than to “self-expression” or “personality development”. Our society insists on regular habits, timekeeping and punctuality (准时), and whether we like it or not, if we mean to make our way in society, we have to meet its demands.
63．The most widespread problem in applying oneself to study is ________.
A. changing from one subject to another
B. the failure to keep to a set timetable of work
C. the unwillingness to follow a systematic plan
D. working on a subject only when one feels like it
64．Which of the following is true ?
A. Many students are not interested in using a self-controlled timetable.
B. Many students don’t like being told to study to a fixed timetable.
C. Most people over 25 years of age don’t work to a set timetable.
D. Tough-minded people agree that good work is done naturally.
65．The underlined part “as the fit takes them” in paragraph 4 means ________.
A. when they have the energy                                               B. when they are in the mood
C. when they feel fit                                                        D. when they find conditions suitable
66．A suitable title for the passage might be ________.
A. Attitudes to Study                                                      B. A study Plan
C. The Difficulties of Studying                             D. Study and Self-discipline

Some years ago industries had more freedom than they have now，and they did not need to be as careful as they must today. They did not need to worry a lot about the safety of the new products that they developed. They did not have to pay much attention to the health and safety of the people who worked for them. Often new products were dangerous for the people who used them; often conditions in the work place had very bad effects on the health of the workers.
Of course sometimes there were real disasters which attracted the attention of governments and which showed the need for changes. Also scientists who were doing research into the health of workers sometimes produced information which governments could not ignore. At such times, there were inquiries into the causes of the disasters or the problems. New safety rules were often introduced as a result of these inquiries; however, the new rules came too late to protect the people who died or who became seriously ill.
Today many governments have special departments which protect customers and workers. In the U.S., for example, there is a department which tests new airplanes and gives warnings about possible problems. It also makes the rules that aircraft producers must follow. Another department controls the foods and drugs that companies sell. A third department looks at the places where people work, and then reports any companies that are breaking the laws which protect the health and safety of workers. Of course, new government departments and new laws cannot prevent every accident or illness, but they are having some good results. Our work places are safer and cleaner than before. The planes and cars which we use for travel are better. Producers are thinking more about the safety and health of the people who buy and use their products.
51. The main topic of the passage is ______.
A. conditions in the work place            B. the freedom of industries in the past
C. changes in industrial production       D. the safety and health of workers and customers
52. It can be inferred from the passage that in the past ______.
A. workers often got ill because of the poor working conditions
B. companies were free to put out any products they wanted to
C. many people were killed by dangerous products
D. industries were as careful in management as they are today
53. It is implied in the passage that ______.
A. governments and companies had different opinions about the safety of products
B. in the past no safety laws were introduced by governments
C. government officials often did not listen to scientists
D. governments paid no attention to the safety of products at all
54. From the passage, we know that some years ago safety rules ______.
A. were put forward due to scientists’ recommendations
B. came into being as a result of the workers’ demands
C. were introduced because quite a number of people were killed or seriously injured
D. were effective enough to protect workers and customers
55. The special departments protect customers and workers in many ways EXCEPT by ______.
A. testing new products                       B. controlling the sale of products
C. designing new products                   D. inspecting work places