Middle school teachers in the United States are noticing a new generation of errors coming into their pupils’ essays, Associated  Press has reported.

An increasing number of students hand in classwork containing words that may confuse adults. For example, they wrote “I WUNT TUBAROXTR” for “I want to be a rock star” and “DLERES PCNU” for “delicious pumpkin”. Middle school teachers say they most frequently encounter “b/c” for “because”, “w/o” for “without” and “4-ever” for “forever”.

Those simple abbreviations (缩略词) and phonetic spellings are known as “instant messaging-speak” (即时消息式语言) or “IM-speak”. Today these words have become so common in children’s social lives that they are finding their way into essays and other writing assignments.

However, the rise of informal communication through e-mail, Internet blogs and cell phone text messaging has not stopped school teachers from telling students the importance of spelling.

“We’ve got a strict policy so they can be penalized for that―we don’t allow it. We talk about the four levels of the language: slang (俚语), colloquial (口语), informal and formal, which apply to both spoken and written language,” said Beverly Arnold, chairwoman of the English and language arts department at Owasso High School, Oklahoma.

“I think it’s critically important―for both formal and informal communication. We teach kids that they need to learn to exist in a world outside their social networks, and that requires them to use proper grammar and spelling when they speak and write,” said Marsha Edmonds, director of curriculum in the Tulsa Public Schools, Tulsa, Oklahoma.

Teachers use different strategies to teach spelling than they did 20 years ago, Edmonds explained. Instead of giving students random (随意的) lists of words to master, teachers now draw on vocabulary from the literature their classes are studying or subject matter being covered in science and social studies.

But some educators, like David Warlick, 54, of Raleigh, North Carolina, see the growing young band of instant messengers as a phenomenon that should be celebrated. Teachers should credit their students with inventing a new language ideal for communicating in a high-tech world, said Warlick, who has written three books on technology in the classroom.

72．Many adults feel        when seeing the “IM-speak” like “b/c”, “w/o” and “4-ever”.

       A、interested         B、puzzled            C、worried           D、disappointed

73．According to Marsha Edmonds,       .

       A、spelling is only important for formal communication

B、students need to learn to live in their social networks

C、we have four levels of the language: slang, colloquial, informal and formal

D、students should use proper grammar and spelling when they speak and write

74．Which of the following statements is NOT true?

       A、“IM-speak” is becoming increasingly popular in teenagers’ lives.

B、Students in the past spent less time in memorizing the new words.

C、Beverly Arnold is very strict with her students.

D、Teachers used to give students random lists of words to remember.

75．It can be inferred from the passage that        .

       A、all the teachers say “NO” to “IM-speak”

B、school teachers don’t do enough to stop students from using “IM-speak”

C、teachers still use old-fashioned methods to teach spelling nowadays

D、David Warlick is a man who enjoys trying new things

Much meaning can be conveyed, clearly, with our eyes, so it is often said that eyes can speak.
Do you have such kind of experience? In a bus you may look at a stranger, but not too long. And if he is sensing that he is being stared at, he may feel uncomfortable.
The same is in daily life. If you are looked at for more than necessary, you will look at yourself up and down to see if there is anything wrong with you. If nothing goes wrong, you will feel angry toward other’s stare at you that way. Eyes do speak, right?
Looking too long at someone may seem to be rude and aggressive. But things are different when it comes to stare at the opposite sex. If a man glances at a woman for more than 10 seconds and refuses to avert his gaze, his intentions are obvious. That is, he wishes to attract her attention, to make her understand that he is admiring her.
However, the normal eye contact for two people engaged in conversation is that the speaker will only look at the listener from time to time; in order to make sure that the listener does pay attention to hat the former is speaking, to tell him that he is attentive. 
If a speaker looks at you continuously when speaking, as if he tries to dominate you, you will feel disconcerted. A poor liar usually expose s himself by looking too long at the victim, since he believes the false ides that to look straight in the eye is a sign of honest communication.
In fact, continuous eye contact is confined to lovers only, who will enjoy looking at each other tenderly for a long time, to show affection that words cannot express.
Evidently, eye contact should be done according to the relationship between two people and specific situation.
【小题1】Which of the following is TRUE according to the passage?

Much meaning can be conveyed, clearly, with our eyes, so it is often said that eyes can speak.

Do you have such kind of experience? In a bus you may look at a stranger, but not too long. And if he is sensing that he is being stared at, he may feel uncomfortable.

The same is in daily life. If you are looked at for more than necessary, you will look at yourself up and down to see if there is anything wrong with you. If nothing goes wrong, you will feel angry toward other’s stare at you that way. Eyes do speak, right?

Looking too long at someone may seem to be rude and aggressive. But things are different when it comes to stare at the opposite sex. If a man glances at a woman for more than 10 seconds and refuses to avert his gaze, his intentions are obvious. That is, he wishes to attract her attention, to make her understand that he is admiring her.

However, the normal eye contact for two people engaged in conversation is that the speaker will only look at the listener from time to time; in order to make sure that the listener does pay attention to hat the former is speaking, to tell him that he is attentive. 

If a speaker looks at you continuously when speaking, as if he tries to dominate you, you will feel disconcerted. A poor liar usually expose s himself by looking too long at the victim, since he believes the false ides that to look straight in the eye is a sign of honest communication.

In fact, continuous eye contact is confined to lovers only, who will enjoy looking at each other tenderly for a long time, to show affection that words cannot express.

Evidently, eye contact should be done according to the relationship between two people and specific situation.

1.Which of the following is TRUE according to the passage?

A. It is always very rude and aggressive to look at others for a long time.

B. One’s feelings can be shown through their eyes.

C. If a stranger looks at you for some time, he must be attracted at you..

D. If you are stared at by a stranger, you must look very awkward.

2.How can we tell if someone possibly lying?

A. If he looks at you directly in the eye for too long.

B. If he looks at you occasionally.

C. If he looks honest.

D. If he looks attentive.

3.What is suggested if you ate talking to others?

A. You’d better look at the listener all the time.

B. You are advised to try to dominate the listeners.

C. You are supposed to look at the listeners from time to time.

D. You should not make eye contact with listeners.

4.If two persons exchange eye contact gently for long, what is probably their relationship?

A. Father and son.      B. Strangers.       C. Lovers.        D. Teacher and student.

5.Where can we read this passage?

A. In a textbook. .     B. In a science journal.   C. In a magazine.   D. In a psychology report.

On the outside Betsy Lueth’s school looks like any other in Minneapolis. Yet inside, it is

Yinghua Academy, a public school where elementary（小学）students study subjects ranging from

math to American history in Chinese.

    Yinghua, the first such immersion（沉浸式）program in the Midwest is on the leading edge (前沿) of a movement that in recent years has seen Chinese language programs spread rapidly throughout the U.S.

The idea behind Yinghua is to introduce kids to the language and culture as early as possible —ideally, before age 12. Kindergarteners and first graders are taught in Chinese and a single period of English is introduced in second grade. By sixth grade, kids are learning half in English and half in Chinese, with the expectation of fluency in both. In Yinghua’s classrooms, the walls are covered not with ABCs but with pictures and Chinese characters.

There are many challenges at Yinghua. Most teachers come from Taiwan or mainland China, and cultural misunderstandings are very common. Lueth’s teachers are learning to be tolerant of local customs — as well as a lot more parental input (家长看法) than they are used to. “In China, teachers are respected. They are not questioned,” says Luyi Lien, Yinghua’s Taiwan-born director. “In America, parents are more expressive of their opinions.”

Research has shown that in the long run, immersion programs can provide benefits, including more flexible, creative thinking. Though students from the programs fall behind for a few years in English, by fifth grade they perform as well as or better than their monolingual（单语言）peers on standardized reading and math tests. For multicultural families, the psychological (心理上的) help can also be important. Lueth, a former teacher, co-founded the school as a way to expose her adopted Chinese daughter Lucy to her native culture. Lucy used to be annoyed when cousins asked why her skin color was different from theirs; before she started at Yinghua, she resisted exploring anything related to China. Now, Lueth says, Lucy proudly answers her cousins, “Yeah, I was born in China.”

Yinghua is different from other schools in Minneapolis in the way that_________.

    A．it offers subjects to students mostly in Chinese

    B．its language program is popular in the U.S.A

    C．kids there begin to learn Chinese at the age of 12

    D．its students learn subjects half in English and half in Chinese

．One of the challenges at Yinghua is that_________.

    A．most parents do not respect its teachers

    B．teachers need to get used to the local culture

    C．its students are mostly from nontraditional families

    D．there is misunderstanding between teachers and students

We can learn from the last paragraph that immersion program _________.

    A．enables students pass tests more easily

    B．benefits students in learning psychology

    C．helps some students accept the local customs

    D．contributes to the better development of students

Which of the following is TRUE according to the passage?

    A．Teachers in Yinghua have difficulty in understanding the local culture.

    B．Parents are discouraged to speak out their opinions of the school in Yinghua.

    C．The students in Yinghua are expected to speak English and Chinese fluently.

    D．Yinghua is the first school in the USA to introduce Chinese culture to students.