It is generally believed that we are getting cleaned when we step under a shower. We are, but we’re also giving a home to lots of tiny little creatures we didn’t even know about. A showerhead carries thousands of bacteria called Mycobacterium．These can cause problems like coughs and tiredness, and a general feeling of poorliness (身体不舒服). When you turn on the water, the bacteria go from the showerhead onto and into your body.

??? This is a finding of Norman R. Pace and his team at the University of Colorado, in the US. The scientists investigated bacteria in all kinds of human environment, including showers．Pace's team looked at 45 showerheads in nine American cities. They discovered that 30 percent of them had large amounts of flying Mycobacterium.

But Pace said that they pose few threats to the health．Only those with a weak immune system might need to worry．He told the New York Times that the bacteria are not as unpleasant as might be thought．He said that having a shower is no more dangerous than anything else we do in the morning．

But for those who feel sick about the idea of all those microorganisms (微生物), he had some advice. Let the water run for 30 seconds before getting into the shower. Why? The number of bacteria is smaller than that when the water is just turned on. If that seems like a waste of water, he added that you could also change your showerhead every few months.

??? However, Pace had good news too. He has also been testing the air in US subways. Apart from iron particles (粒子), which are ground off the track by the wheels of trains, subway air is fresh. The reason is that a train’s movement pumps fresh outdoor air into the tunnels.

??? Pace explained that he wanted to understand the natural microbial environments of public places. This kind of knowledge might help discover the microbes to be used in a bioterrorist (生物恐怖分子) attack.

1.From the finding of Norman R. Pace, after taking a shower, we might cough or feel tired because?????? .

A. it’s easy to get a cold when taking a bath

B. the showerhead carries many bacteria causing illness

C. we don’t get cleaned while showering

D. we don’t get a weak immune system

2.According to the passage, which of the following is TRUE?

A. Hot water could kill most of bacteria in showerheads.

B. Of 45 showerheads surveyed in nine cities, 30 carried large amounts of Mycobacterium.

C. Changing showerheads is the only way to avoid microorganisms.

D. Shower water contains much less bacteria after being left to run for 30 seconds.

3.We can learn from the third paragraph that ????? .

A. having a shower in the morning is more dangerous than at other time

B. the bacteria always threat people’s health

C. there is no reason to fear microorganisms for people with strong immune system

D. it is better to do some exercise in the morning than have a shower

4.The underlined word “pose” in the third paragraph probably means “______”．

A. cause     ?????????? B. avoid       ????????? C. describe ????????? D. promise

5.What contributes to fresh air in US subways?

A. The train’s movement.         ???????????????? B. Iron particles．

C. Train wheels. ???????????????????????????? D. Air conditioners on the trains．

Many people influenced various aspects of my life, based on their personal characteristics, accomplishments (才艺）, and values. I have been fortunate to have had numerous teachers and professors who I respect for their patienceand intelligence. There are artists that have inspired me by their natural talents and original creativity. I value many political leaders, who have inspired me by their contributions to society, and their ability to change our future. But of all the people I have known in my life, the person I admire most is my father.
As the youngest girl in my family, I always considered myself to be “Daddy’s little girl.” While growing up, it always made me sad to see so many of my friends and neighbours without a father or father-like figure around. This helped me appreciate how my father always takes an interest in his children’s lives. In my early life my father continuously pushes me to excel, so I could accomplish my work outstandingly among my people. Whenever I feel like giving up, or having a question or a concern, I know I can always call on him for advice. From him I have also learned that sometimes you have to put others’ needs ahead of your own, but not to the point they will begin to take advantage of you. His strength seems to be unbreakable during hard times, and he is extremely determined to accomplish anything he sets his mind on, no matter how tiny it is. I highly respect him for how he stands up for what he believes in, and will never back down. I have always admired his open mind, enthusiasm for work and people around, and sense of understanding. He is a very reserved man, but to everybody’s surprise, he has a great sense of humor, and always knows how to put a smile on the faces of his wife, his children and his friends.
Living in his affection and instruction, I am very proud of my father. He also professes how proud he is of his children, and is still there to support us in whatever we are involved in.
【小题1】What is the best title for the passage?

Many people influenced various aspects of my life, based on their personal characteristics, accomplishments (才艺）, and values. I have been fortunate to have had numerous teachers and professors who I respect for their patience and intelligence. There are artists that have inspired me by their natural talents and original creativity. I value many political leaders, who have inspired me by their contributions to society, and their ability to change our future. But of all the people I have known in my life, the person I admire most is my father.

As the youngest girl in my family, I always considered myself to be “Daddy’s little girl.” While growing up, it always made me sad to see so many of my friends and neighbours without a father or father-like figure around. This helped me appreciate how my father always takes an interest in his children’s lives. In my early life my father continuously pushes me to excel, so I could accomplish my work outstandingly among my people. Whenever I feel like giving up, or having a question or a concern, I know I can always call on him for advice. From him I have also learned that sometimes you have to put others’ needs ahead of your own, but not to the point they will begin to take advantage of you. His strength seems to be unbreakable during hard times, and he is extremely determined to accomplish anything he sets his mind on, no matter how tiny it is. I highly respect him for how he stands up for what he believes in, and will never back down. I have always admired his open mind, enthusiasm for work and people around, and sense of understanding. He is a very reserved man, but to everybody’s surprise, he has a great sense of humor, and always knows how to put a smile on the faces of his wife, his children and his friends.

Living in his affection and instruction, I am very proud of my father. He also professes how proud he is of his children, and is still there to support us in whatever we are involved in.

What is the best title for the passage?

A. How my father loved me as “Daddy’s little girl”.

B. My father – the person I admire most.

C. I am the apple on my father’s palm.

D. My father – the person who loved me most.

Which of the following could NOT be used to describe the writer’s father?

A. Considerate and humourous.          B. Affectionate and open-minded.

C. Energetic and helpful.                D. Knowledgeable and sociable.

Which of the following can best explain the underlined word “excel” in Paragraph 2?

A. Be more powerful than others.        B. Be richer than others.

C. Do better than others.               D. Be more charming than others.

By saying “you have to put others’ needs ahead of your own, but not to the point they will begin to take advantage of you” in Paragraph 2, the father was telling the writer to ______.

A. think for others and help them, but not to be made use of in negative ways

B. think for others and help them, so that you can make use of them to serve you

C. try to make use of those who want to do so to you

D. try to be good to those who are worth making friends with

What can we infer about the writer? 

A. She appreciated her father because he solved all the problems for her.

B. She was outstanding in work because her father pushed her too hard.

C. She considered her father silly and often laughed at him.

D. She has a strong sense of sympathy towards other people.

Many people influenced various aspects of my life, based on their personal characteristics, accomplishments (才艺）, and values. I have been fortunate to have had numerous teachers and professors who I respect for their patience and intelligence. There are artists that have inspired me by their natural talents and original creativity. I value many political leaders, who have inspired me by their contributions to society, and their ability to change our future. But of all the people I have known in my life, the person I admire most is my father.

As the youngest girl in my family, I always considered myself to be “Daddy’s little girl.” While growing up, it always made me sad to see so many of my friends and neighbours without a father or father-like figure around. This helped me appreciate how my father always takes an interest in his children’s lives. In my early life my father continuously pushes me to excel, so I could accomplish my work outstandingly among my people. Whenever I feel like giving up, or having a question or a concern, I know I can always call on him for advice. From him I have also learned that sometimes you have to put others’ needs ahead of your own, but not to the point they will begin to take advantage of you. His strength seems to be unbreakable during hard times, and he is extremely determined to accomplish anything he sets his mind on, no matter how tiny it is. I highly respect him for how he stands up for what he believes in, and will never back down. I have always admired his open mind, enthusiasm for work and people around, and sense of understanding. He is a very reserved man, but to everybody’s surprise, he has a great sense of humor, and always knows how to put a smile on the faces of his wife, his children and his friends.

Living in his affection and instruction, I am very proud of my father. He also professes how proud he is of his children, and is still there to support us in whatever we are involved in.

1.What is the best title for the passage?

A. How my father loved me as “Daddy’s little girl”.

B. My father – the person I admire most.

C. I am the apple on my father’s palm.

D. My father – the person who loved me most.

2.Which of the following could NOT be used to describe the writer’s father?

A. Considerate and humourous.          B. Affectionate and open-minded.

C. Energetic and helpful.                D. Knowledgeable and sociable.

3.Which of the following can best explain the underlined word “excel” in Paragraph 2?

A. Be more powerful than others.        B. Be richer than others.

C. Do better than others.               D. Be more charming than others.

4.By saying “you have to put others’ needs ahead of your own, but not to the point they will begin to take advantage of you” in Paragraph 2, the father was telling the writer to ______.

A. think for others and help them, but not to be made use of in negative ways

B. think for others and help them, so that you can make use of them to serve you

C. try to make use of those who want to do so to you

D. try to be good to those who are worth making friends with

5.What can we infer about the writer? 

A. She appreciated her father because he solved all the problems for her.

B. She was outstanding in work because her father pushed her too hard.

C. She considered her father silly and often laughed at him.

D. She has a strong sense of sympathy towards other people.

Many people influenced various aspects of my life, based on their personal characteristics, accomplishments, and values. I have been fortunate to have had numerous teachers and professors who I respect for their patience and intelligence. There are artists that have inspired me by their natural talents and original creativity. I value many political leaders, who have inspired me by their contributions to society, and their ability to change our futures. But of all the people I have known in my life, the person I admire most is my father.

As the youngest girl in my family, I always considered myself to be “Daddy’s little girl”. While I grew up, it always made me sad to see so many of my friends and neighbors without a father or father-like figure around. This helped me appreciate how my father always takes an interest in his children’s lives. In every aspect of my life my father continuously pushes me to excel, so I could accomplish my work outstandingly among my people. Whenever I feel like giving up, or have a question or a concern, I know I can always call on him for advice. From him I have also learned that sometimes you have to put others’ needs ahead of your own, but you should make sure you are not taken advantage of by others. His strength seems to be unbreakable during hard times, and he is extremely determined to accomplish anything he sets his mind on, no matter how tiny it is. I highly respect him for how he stands up for what he believes in, and will never back down. I have always admired his open mind, compassion for people, and sense of understanding. He is a very reserved man, but to everybody’s surprise, he has a great sense of humor, and always knows how to put a smile on the faces of his wife, his children and his friends.

Living in his affection and instruction, I am very proud of my father. He also professes how proud he is of his children, and is still there to support us in whatever we are involved in.

1.What is the best title for the passage?

A. How my father loved me???????????

B. My father—the person I admire most

C. I am the apple on my father’s palm???

D. My father—the one who influenced me most

2.Which of the following could not be used to describe the author’s father?

A. Considerate and humorous ????????????? ????????????? ?????????????

B. Affectionate and open-minded

C. Knowledgeable and sociable????????????? ????????????? ?????????????

D. Energetic and helpful

3.Which of the following can best explain the underlined word “excel”?

A. Do better than others.????????????? ????????????? ????????????? ????????????? ????????????? B. Show off.

C. Be cleverer than others.????????????? ????????????? ????????????? ????????????? D. Keep healthy

4.What can we infer about the author?

A. She appreciated her father because he solved all the problems for her.

B. She considered her father humorous and was often made to laugh by him.

C. She had sympathy for the fatherless.

D. She was outstanding in work because her father pushed her hard.