What would life be like without rich, creamy, mouthwatering, melt-in-your-mouth chocolate?

Life would be bitter for most Americans. They spend about $13 billion a year buying all sorts of chocolate treats.

However, for the African children who toil under slavelike conditions on cacao plantations, life is not sweet. The cacao bean is the main ingredient in the chocolate. According to a 2002 survey by the International Institute of Tropical Agriculture and the US Agency for International Development, about 284,000 children work in dangerous conditions on cacao farms in western Africa.

More than half those children are younger than 14. Many were sold into forced labor to work 12 hours or more a day on the cacao plantations.

A number of international organizations, including several African governments, recently began a program to eliminate(消除) child labor on cacao plantations. Under the program, government officials will remove children from abusive working situations while teaching farmers about child labor issues.

The program will also make borrowing money easier for cacao farmers. Officials hope farmers will use the money to invest in their farms and hire paid laborers.

1.The cacao bean is the main ingredient in _______.

2.How many children under 14 work on cacao farms in western Africa?

3.From the passage, you can reasonably conclude that _______.

We've used the wind as an energy source for a long time. The Babylonians and Chinese were using wind power to pump water for irrigating crops 4,000 years ago, and sailing boats were around long before that. Wind power was used in the Middle Ages, in Europe, to grind(磨碎) corn, which is where the term "windmill" comes from.

We can use the energy in the wind by building a tall tower, with a large propellor on the top. The wind blows the propellor round, which turns a generator to produce electricity. We tend to build many of these towers together, to make a "wind farm" and produce more electricity. The more towers, the more wind, and the larger the propellors, the more electricity we can make. It's only worth building wind farms in places that have strong, steady winds, although boats and caravans（大篷车）increasingly have small wind generators to help keep their batteries charged.

The best places for wind farms are in coastal areas, at the tops of rounded hills, open plains and gaps in mountains—places where the wind is strong and reliable. Some are offshore. To be worthwhile, you need an average wind speed of around 25 km/h. Most wind farms in the UK are in Cornwall or Wales. Isolated places such as farms may have their own wind generators. In California, several “wind farms” supply electricity to homes around Los Angeles.

The propellors are large, to obtain energy from the largest possible volume of air. The blades can be angled to cope with varying wind speeds. Some designs use vertical turbines(垂直涡轮机), which don't need to be turned to face the wind. The towers are tall, to get the propellors as high as possible, up to where the wind is stronger. This means that the land beneath can still be used for farming. 

The first paragraph aims to introduce to us _______.

A. the function of wind power               B. the source of wind power

C. the nations using wind power             D. the history of using wind power

How does a wind power work?

A. The generator turns the propellor blades and produce electricity.

B. The tall tower helps turn the energy in the air into electricity.

C. Warm air rises and makes the propellor move round.

D. The propellor blown round by wind turns the generator to produce electricity.

The best places for building the wind farm are places where _______.

A. boats and caravans can often be seen         B. isolated farms don’t have enough electricity

C. there are less human activities          D. the wind is strong and reliable

We can infer from the passage that _______.

A. wind farms will not take up too much farming land

B. wind farms need no fuel because wind is free

C. the blades can be angled to turn to face the wind wherever it comes from

D. the higher and larger the towers are, the stronger the wind is

What can be a suitable title for the passage?

  A. Where to build a wind farm.            B. ABC of the using of wind energy.

  C. How to make best use of wind.          D. Wind energy is the best energy.

When Julia Rhodes is asked what she does for a living，she says she is a “wind farmer”．While her job is operation manager for wind farm owner RES-Gen：Rhodes is responsible for making sure their l4 wind farms in the UK and Ireland are using the power of the wind to produce power for homes and businesses．

 RES-Gen is a division of leading renewable energy group Renewable Energy Systems(RES)，a UK-based company with global operations．  RES was one of the pioneers of wind energy technology．It built the UK’s second wind farm in l992．Since then：RES has built more than 40 wind farms across four continents．

 Rhodes graduated from the University of Nottingham with a degree in manufacturing engineering．  Following that，she received a master's degree in renewable energy systems technology specializing in wind energy．  Rhodes has worked in the wind sector ever since, providing technical support for two leading wind farm developers before joining RES in 2001．

 RES’s projects are continually monitored by computer and checked remotely on a daily basis．Regular servicing is carried out by contractors(承包者)，usually every six months. Rhodes always has a top—level view of how well the wind turbines(涡轮)are operating．

  Rhodes is a supporter of wind—energy engineering．She also works closely with other departments to keep good relations with the communities around RES’s wind farms．The open days and government officials’ visits show that wind power is popular and that wind projects-are viewed positively．

    Renewable energy is a growing sector with attractive career prospects． For Rhodes．as the RES wind farms expand，the team that she manages is expected to increase．She enjoys working for a company with strong engineering roots and a highly respected track record(业绩)．Her job as a wind farmer is challenging and enjoyable．“It's great knowing that you are helping to bring about a clean．environment and are contributing to the global community．”

1.What’s the text mainly about?

    A．Julia Rhodes and her work．        B．Why Julia Rhodes works in RES．

    C．The importance of renewable energy．D．How出e wind can produce Dower．

2.What can we know about Julia Rhodes?

    A．She once worked as a farmer to make a living．

    B．She has worked in RES ever since graduation．

    C．She likes her job as a wind farmer very much．

    D．She is in charge of forty wind farms in the UK．

3.What can we learn about RES from the text?

    A．It built the UK's first wind farm in 2001．

    B．It plays a leading role in the wind sector．

    C．It is an important branch of RES—Gen．

    D．It provides regular servicing for its contractors．

4.Which of the following is NOT true?

    A．RES is financially supported by the British government．

    B．Wind farms receive a warm welcome around the UK．

    C．RES has developed at a high speed during recent years．

    D．Rhodes thinks people should create a clean environment．

读下面短文，从短文后面各题的A、B、C、D四个选项中，选出适合填入对应空白处的最佳选项，并在答题卡上将该项涂黑。

Every summer a great many students travel to other countries looking for work and adventure. Most of the    26         are in seasonal work, mainly connected with wourism and    27         

The pay is usually poor, but most people work abroad for the     28     of travel. You can pick grapes on farms in France, entertain kids on American summer camps, and, of course, there are  29     jobs in hotels and restaurants.

   But it is not easy now to find work. “    30    you speak the language of the country well, there will be very few openings,” says Althea Ellis, an adviser in     31        for students.

“If you work with a family in Italy, you’ll have to speak Italian. When you wash dishes in a restaurant in Pairs, the owner will expect you to speak   32     . British students only have a language     33      for jobs in the USA and Australia.”

       34      enjoys the experience. Sarah James was employed to help forty American children in Europe. The two teachers with the children had never been     35      .One child lost his passport; another became seriously ill and was      36       home; the whole group was thrown out of one hotel because of the      37       they made, and what’s worse, Sarah herself was robbed on her only    38     evening of the entire trip. “ I did visit a lot of new places,” she says,“ but it wasn’t worth it. The pay was     39      and it really was a 24-hour-a-day job. The kids never slept!”

“The troubles is, students expect to have a(n)     40     time of it.” Althea Ellis points out. “After all, they see it as a    41      .In practice,     42       ,you have to work hard. At the same time, all vacation work is casual (临时的) work. You’ll have a job when the hotel, the restaurant, or the campsite is busy. In the other words, you’ll work if it’s convenient for the company that     43     you. But you have      44     employment rights. As soon as the holiday season      45      ,they’ll get rid of you.”

E

City officials are hoping to use the power of dog droppings. San Franciscans already recycle more than 60% of their dogs’ droppings, but in this dog-friendly town, such wastes make up nearly 4% of residential waste, or 6,500 tons a year.

Within the next few months, Norcal Waste, a company that collects San Francisco’s wastes, will begin a trial program under which it uses biodegradable (生物分解的) bags and dog-waste carts to pick up droppings at a popular dog park.

The droppings will be thrown into a machine called a methane digester (沼气处理机), which is basically a tank in which bacteria feed on droppings for weeks to create methane gas.

The methane could then be piped directly to a gas stove, a steam heater, an air turbine or anything else powered by natural gas. It can also be used to produce electricity.

Someone doubts whether this plan is practical. But Norcal Waste spokesman, Robert Reed points to San Francisco’s creative food composting (混合肥料) program, which began 10 years ago. It is a proof that an unusual idea can work in this forward-thinking city. Norcal Waste collects 300 tons of food left over after meals per day from homes and restaurants and changes it into a rich fertilizer sold to grape farms and organic farms.

Methane digesters are nothing new. The technology was introduced in Europe about 20 years ago, and more than 600 farm-based digesters are in operation there. Nine are in use on California cow farms, and chicken and pig farms elsewhere in the United States also use them.

“The main obstacle is probably getting communities around the country the courage to collect dog droppings, to give value to something we’d rather not talk about,” Brinton, a recycling and composting consultant, said. “San Francisco is probably the king of pet cities. This could be an advantage of it, which is very important.”

Some other experts believe energy production from dog droppings must become more attractive economically before it gets popular. Landfill space is relatively cheap, and natural gas and electricity also remain fairly inexpensive. However, Reed said confidently, “Now, the city authorities asked us to look at dog waste specifically.”

61. How many dogs’ droppings can be recycled at present per year in San Francisco?

A. About 6,500 tons.                    B. About 169,000 tons.

C. About 260 tons.                          D. About 3,900 tons.

62. It can be inferred from the passage that        .

A. there are many pets that are treated well in San Francisco

B. Norcal Waste is a company of refuse (垃圾) treatment, which collects dog wastes only

C. most of the farms in Europe use Methane digesters

D. Brinton doesn’t feel optimistic about the collection of dog droppings in San Francisco

63. The underlined word “obstacle” in Paragraph 7 most probably means        .

A. interest         B. effect         C. difficulty       D. purpose

64. Which of the following is TRUE according to the passage?

A. San Francisco is a city full of innovation.

B. Dog droppings can be changed into methane gas in several days.

C. It is the first time to utilize animal waste in San Francisco.

D. Utilizing dog droppings presently is more economical than the landfill.

65. Which of the following can be the best title of this passage?

A. Animal wastes collection by Norcal Waste

B. Changing dog droppings into energy

C. Methane digester technology in San Francisco

D. A dog droppings composting program