“In wilderness(荒野) is the preservation of the world.” This is a famous saying from a writer regarded as one of the fathers of environmentalism. The frequency with which it is borrowed mirrors a heated debate on environmental protection: whether to place wilderness at the heart of what is to be preserved.  
As John Sauven of Greenpeace UK points out, there is a strong appeal in images of the wild, the untouched; more than anything else, they speak of the nature that many people value most dearly. The urge to leave the subject of such images untouched is strong, and the danger exploitation(开发) brings to such landscapes(景观) is real. Some of these wildernesses also perform functions that humans need—the rainforests, for example, store carbon in vast quantities. To Mr. Sauven, these “ecosystem services” far outweigh the gains from exploitation.
Lee Lane, a visiting fellow at the Hudson Institute, takes the opposing view. He acknowledges that wildernesses do provide useful services, such as water conservation. But that is not, he argues, a reason to avoid all human presence, or indeed commercial and industrial exploitation. There are ever more people on the Earth, and they reasonably and rightfully want to have better lives, rather than merely struggle for survival. While the ways of using resources have improved, there is still a growing need for raw materials, and some wildernesses contain them in abundance. If they can be tapped without reducing the services those wildernesses provide, the argument goes, there is no further reason not to do so. Being untouched is not, in itself, a characteristic worth valuing above all others.
I look forward to seeing these views taken further, and to their being challenged by the other participants. One challenge that suggests itself to me is that both cases need to take on the question of spiritual value a little more directly. And there is a practical question as to whether wildernesses can be exploited without harm.
This is a topic that calls for not only free expression of feelings, but also the guidance of reason. What position wilderness should enjoy in the preservation of the world obviously deserves much more serious thinking.
【小题1】John Sauven holds that________________.

A．

B．

C．

D．

Exposure to environmental tobacco smoke (ETS)-also called “second-hand smoke” and “passive smoking” contains over 4 000 chemicals, including over 50 known carcinogens (致癌物) and many poisonous things. No safe level of ETS exposure has been proved. Nor is there any expectation that further research will identify such a level.

Several recent reviews have confirmed the serious risks to health and life associated with passive smoking. Long time exposure to second-hand smoke has been proved as a cause of many of the same diseases caused by active smoking, including lung cancer, cardiovascular (心脏血管的) disease, and childhood disease.

Living with a smoker has been shown to increase the risk of coronary heart disease (冠心病) among non-smokers by 25-30% (a recent study indicates that this figure may actually be higher). There is also growing evidence that passive smoking is causally linked to stroke in non-smokers, although further research is needed to estimate the risk.

Second-hand smoke is especially dangerous for young children and infants, being associated with sudden infant death, pneumonia, bronchitis (支气管炎), asthma (哮喘) and respiratory symptoms as well as middle ear disease. ETS exposure in pregnant women can cause lower birth weight, foetal (胎儿的) death and preterm delivery.

Most of the adverse health outcomes brought about by ETS show that the risk increases steadily with increasing exposure. The level of individual risk is lower compared to active smoking. Nevertheless, the fact that large numbers of people are exposed results in a substantial burden of disease.

    Action on smoke-free environments would not only protect people from the harm of ETS exposure but also contribute to the reduction of tobacco consumption in the whole population. The health effects of reduced passive and active smoking would include reduced illness and death from major disease types-in particular lung cancer, coronary heart disease, and stroke-and increased life expectancy.

51. Which of the following statements is true? _______

  A. Although ETS contains many harmful things, it is not unsafe.

  B. The fact that second-hand smoke is safe has been recently found.

  C. It is expected that further research will be done to test the level of ETS.

  D. By far the safe level of ETS has not been found and will not in the future.

52. Cardiovascular disease can be caused by _______.

   A. long time passive smoking    B. accidental active smoking

   B. occasional passive smoking   D. short term active smoking

53. According to the article, the statements about the risk of coronary heart disease are wrong EXCEPT that________

A. if you smoke, the risk of this disease will increase by 25-30%. 

B. the non-smokers exposed to smoke will increase the risk of this disease by 25-30%.

C. for the smokers, the risk of getting this disease is higher than that of the non-smokers.

D. the non-smokers exposed to smoke will be more easily to get this disease than the smokers.

54. What does the underlined word “delivery” mean? ________.

   A. Transferring to another     B. Giving birth   C. Throwing away   D. Giving out

55. What’s the author’s main purpose in writing this passage? ______

   A. To introduce what is ETS.

   B. To tell the readers how to avoid ETS.

   C. To call for the action against ETS.

   D. To warn the readers against smoking.

I have been fortunate to find a career that I love and ____ ,I can walk to work within 10 minutes.?

     A.what is more            B.in other words?

     C.as a result         D.on the contrary?

C
Hobbs was an orphan（孤儿）. He worked in a factory and every day he got a little money. Hard work made him thin and weak. He wanted to borrow a lot of money to learn to paint pictures, but he did not think he could pay off the debts.
One day a lawyer said to him, “One thousand dollars, and here is the money.” As Hobbs took the package of notes, he was very dumbfounded. He didn’t know where the money came from and how to spend it. He said to himself, “I could go to find a hotel and live like a rich man for a few days; or I give up my work in the factory and do what I’d like to do: painting pictures. I could do that for a few weeks, but what would I do after that? I should have lost my place in the factory and have no money to live on. If it were a little less money, I would buy a new coat, or a radio, or give a dinner to my friends. If it were more, I could give up the work and pay for painting pictures. But it’s too much for one and too little for the other.”
“Here is the reading of your uncle’s will（遗嘱）,” said the lawyer, “telling what is to be done with this money after his death. I must ask you to remember one point. Your uncle has said you must bring me a paper showing exactly what you did with his money, as soon as you have spent it.”
“Yes, I see. I’ll do that,” said the young man.
49．Hobbs wanted to borrow money to _______.
A. study abroad    B. work abroad    C. pay off the debts      D. learn to paint pictures
50．What does the underlined word “dumbfounded” （in Paragraph 2） probably mean?
A. surprised.        B. frightened.       C. satisfied.          D. excited.
51．With the money he got, at first Hobbs _______.
A. planned to have a happy life for a few days
B. decided to give up his work in the factory
C. was to give a dinner to his friends
D. had no idea what to do
52．Hobbs was asked to _______.
A. tell the lawyer what he did with the money after spending it
B. tell the lawyer what was to be done with the money
C. buy some pictures          
D. read his uncle’s will

Our teacher often makes a schedule to get herself _______ of what is to be done in the day.

A．remind           B．to remind          C．reminded         D．reminding