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A new U．S．government report says more than two million Americans fall ill each year with drug—resistant bacterial infections(感染)，and 23，000 of them are dying as a result．The head of the United States Centers for Disease Control and Prevention[CDC]said that the number probably will grow．Officials warn that steps must be taken now to preserve the effectiveness of antibiotic(抗生素)drugs．
Without urgent action to stop that trend，warned Tom Frieden whose agency wrote the report，the miracle drugs to fight them won’t be available in the future．
“If we are not careful，the medicine chest will be empty when we go there to look for a lifesaving antibiotic for someone with a deadly infection．But if we act now，we can preserve these medications while we continue to work on development of new medicines．”
The report names a drug—resistant abuse of gonorrhea(淋病)，which causes about one quarter of a million hospitalizations in the United States annually．Of the number at least 1 4，000 result in death．
Drug resistance develops through the overuse and inappropriate use of anti—bacterial agents．These can be：doctors prescribing(开药) them to patients who have viral infections that are not affected by medicine meant to fight bacteria；patients not taking all of their medicine as prescribed，so the bacteria making them sick are only weakened，not killed；antibiotic use in healthy farm animals to prevent illness and promote growth．Antibiotic remainders left in meat and animal products can then lead to drug resistance in humans．
To limit the spread of resistant infections，experts recommend wider use of routine immunizations(预防)，as well as hand—washing in hospitals and other health care facilities．Also， the report urges hand—washing by food handlers．?
Michael Bell，deputy director of the Division of Healthcare Quality Promotion at CDC，said Patients also can play a role in preserving the effectiveness of antibiotics by asking health care providers a few simple questions．
1.What’s the best title of the passage?
A．Drug Resistance Developing Quickly in the US
B．Drug—Resistant Bacterial Infections Growing in the US
C．Actions for Preserving Anti-Bacterial Medications in the US
D．Preventions of Drug-resistant Bacterial Infections in the US
2.According to Frieden，we must take measures without delay to preserve effectiveness of antibiotics，or_____.
A．we will have to develop better medicines in place of antibiotics
B．there may be no effective anti-bacterial drugs for use in the future
C．we can’t find other medicines to cure serious illnesses in the future
D．more and more Americans will suffer from bacterial infections each year
3.Of those patients admitted to the hospital because of a drug-resistant abuse of gonorrhea annually，deaths add up to_____.
A．at least 5.6％ B．about 25％ C．about 1.4％ D．at least 2.5％
4.One of the approaches through which drug resistance develops is that_____.
A．people eat the meat with Antibiotic remainder in animals
B．doctors prescribe less antibiotics than needed for patients
C．doctors prescribe much more antibiotic than needed for patients
D．patients don’t take their ant-bacterial agents that doctors prescribe
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For well over a thousand years，smallpox was a disease that everyone feared．The disease killed much of the native population in South America when the Spanish arrived there in the early sixteenth century．By the end of the eighteenth century，smallpox was responsible for about one in
ten deaths around the world．Those who survived the disease were left with ugly scars on their sjun．
It had long been well known among farmers that people who worked with cows seldom caught smallpox；instead，they often caught a similar but much milder disease called cowpox (牛痘) ．A Bridsh doctor called Jenner was extremely interested in this，and so he studied cowpox He believed that，by vaccinating (给接种疫苗) people with the disease，he could protect them against the much worse disease smallpox．In 1796，he vaccinated a boy with cowpox and，two months later，with smallpox．The boy did not get smallpox．In the next two years，Jenner vaccinated several children in the same way，and none of them got the disease．
News of the success of Jenner’s work soon spread．Vaccination soon became a common method to protect people against other diseases caused by virus，such as rable (狂犬病)，and vaccines (疫苗) were sent across the world to the United States and India．
It took nearly two centuries to achieve Jenner’s dream of getting free of smallpox from the whole world．In 1967，the world Health Organization (WHO) started a great vaccination program，and the last known case of smallpox was recorded in Somalia in 1977．The story of vaccinations does not end there，however．There are many other diseases that kill more and more people every year．Besides，many new diseases are being discovered．The challenge for medical researchers will，therefore，probably continue for several more centuries
1.Smallpox was so serious that by the end of l8th century
A．its death rate was up to ten percent
B．those who caught it were certain to die
C．one in ten people in the world died of smallpox
D．one in ten deaths in the world was caused by smallpox
2.Edward Jenner discovered that vaccination with cowpox could
A．make smallpox much milder
B．stop people from getting smallpox
C．protect people against any disease
D．prevent people’s scars after smallpox
3.Which of the following statements is not true?
A．The first experiment with cowpox was made by a British doctor
B．After 1977 smallpox disappeared around the world according to WHO．
C．Vaccination had existed among ordinary farmers before being discovered
D．Vaccination can be used to protect people in the world against not only smallpox
4.The author of the passage thinks that
A．vaccinations bring many new problems
B．vaccinations end the spread of diseases
C．there is a long way to go to fight against diseases
D．there is along way to go to discover new diseases
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第二节：读写任务（共1小题，满分25分）
阅读下面的短文，然后按照要求写一篇150左右的英语短文。
Let’s face it. You are constantly exposed to common uses. There is nothing you can do about them. However, you can greatly influence the effect of those viruses on your health. Don’t accept that the flu or common cold is something you have to suffer from time to time. Stop this thought and keep yourself and your entire family healthy regardless of the weather or season. These 4 easy tips will help you to reduce the number of times you are down with the flu or common cold.
1. Eat plenty of fresh fruits and vegetables daily.
They will provide you with important nutrients, mainly vitamins, which are needed to increase
your ability to win the fight against common viruses.
2. Drink plenty of water.
The water runs through your body, removing everything your body wants to get rid of. Stop drinking water 30 minutes before a meal and wait for 2 hours after a meal. This will prevent the water from diluting your digestive juices.
3. Sleep more than 8 hours per night.
If you often fail to have enough sleep, not only will you feel tired, but also your immune system will work less efficiently. You will be more easily affected by viruses.
4. Think positively and keep an optimistic view on your life situations.
Your mind and your immune system talk with each other. Your encouraging thoughts will bring the best out from your immune system. Keep always in mind that your reaction to the first sign of the flu or common cold should be something like: I am sure my immune system will easily win the fight against those viruses. I am going to stay healthy!
【写作内容】
假设你们班要举行一次关于 “健康生活”的演讲, 请你以 “健康的生活习惯让我们远离病毒” 为主题写一篇演讲稿。内容要点包括:
以约30个词概括上文要点.
以约120个词谈谈你对形成健康的生活习惯的看法，内容包括:
(1) 病毒的危害及形成健康生活习惯的必要性;
(2) 结合自己的例子向大家介绍健康的生活习惯有哪些;
(3) 倡导大家培养正确的生活习惯。
【写作要求】
在作文中可以使用自己亲身的经历或虚构的故事, 也可以参照阅读材料的内容但不得直接引用原文中的句子。
作文中不能出现真实姓名和学校名称。
作文的开头和结尾已经给出,不计入总词数。
【评分标准】
概括准确, 语言规范, 内容合适, 篇章连贯。
Boys and girls,
I am very glad to give you a talk about how to live a healthy life.
______________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________
Thank you!
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