摘要: warm (sb.)up 18. all of a sudden

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It was the night of the full moon, a time which always drives Java's young people mad with excitement.

Fireworks were lit long before the moon __1__. The big noise brought people out __2__ the warm night to enjoy the interesting scene. Everywhere, there were the paper remains of __3__ fireworks lying on the ground.Little boys __4__  more and covered their ears as they waited __5__ for the explosions.

The moon appeared above the horizon(地平线):huge, __6__ ball high above the city, and the __7__ filled with people, as Java began to enjoy one of the year's greatest __8__: the Night of the Full Moon, a festival(节日) that is especially popular __9__ young people.

More and more young Javanese __10__  together and walked slowly through the __11__ joking and chatting, they moved towards the mountain __12__ the city. They continued to climb __13__ they reached the old temple(寺庙) at the  __14__ of the mountain.

After they were __15__ the temple, they drank their water and ate their moon-cakes delicious home-made ones, __16__ of dried fruit and nuts. Outside, on the mountain, young people __17__ cross-legged in circles, chatting and telling each other jokes. And __18__, in their hundreds, more young people continued to make their way up the mountain to __19__ the brightly shining moon.

By midnight, the fireworks had stopped shooting up from the __20__city in the valley below them. But during the night, the sound continued to be heard from the distance.

1. A. let out         B. gave out

C. came out               D. set out

2. A. into   B. at   C. of    D. from

3. A.burning  B. used   C. exploding  D. broken

4. A.lit       B. bought  C. piled    D. removed

5. A. patiently  B. calmly  C. worriedly  D. excitedly

6. A. silver     B. new    C. colourful  D. gold

7. A. mountains  B. valleys  C. streets  D. shops

8. A. games     B. meetings  C. sports  D. events

9. A. for       B. to        C. with   D. in

10. A. danced  B. gathered  C. drank  D. shouted

11. A. village  B. scene  C. night  D. ground

12. A. on the edge of       B. on the way to

C. in the center of      D. in the direction of

13. A. while  B. until  C. unless  D. though

14. A. tip  B. back  C. top  D. bottom

15. A. inside  B. near  C. off  D. across

16. A. fond  B. little  C. full  D. free

17. A. jumped  B. sat  C. stood  D. bent

18. A. so     B. even  C. yet  D. still

19. A. follow  B. show  C. notice  D. admire

20. A. clean  B. gray  C. peaceful  D. empty

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In the atmosphere, carbon dioxide acts rather like a one-way mirror or the glass in the roof of a greenhouse which allows the sun's rays to enter but prevents the heat from escaping.

   According to a weather expert' s prediction, the atmosphere will be 3℃ warmer in the year 2050 than it is today, if man continues to burn fuels at the present rate. If this warming up took place, the ice caps in the poles would begin to melt, thus raising sea level several metres and severely flooding coastal cities. Also, the increase in atmospheric temperature would lead to great changes in the climate of the northern hemisphere (北半球), possibly resulting in an alteration of the earth's chief food growing zones.

    In the past, concern about a man-made warming of the earth has concentrated on the Arctic because the Antarctic is much colder and has a much thicker ice sheet. But the weather experts are now paying more attention to West Antarctic, which may be affected by only a few degrees of warming, in other words, by a warming on the scale that will possibly take place in the next fifty years from the burning of fuels.

    Satellite pictures show that large areas of Antarctic ice are already disappearing. The evidence available suggests that a warming has taken place. This fits the theory that carbon dioxide warms the earth.

    However, most of the fuel is burnt in the northern hemisphere, where temperatures seem to be falling. Scientists conclude , therefore, that up to now natural influences on the weather have gone beyond those caused by man. The question is: Which natural cause has most effect on the weather?

    One possibility is the variable behavior of the sun. Astronomers at one research station have studied the hot spots and "cold" spots (that is, the relatively less hot spots) on the sun. As the sun rotates (使旋转), every 27. 5 days, it presents hotter or "colder" faces to the earth, and different aspects to different parts of the earth. This seems to have a considerable effect on the distribution of the earth's atmospheric pressure, and consequently on wind circulation. The sun is also changeable over a long term: its heat output goes up and down in cycles, the latest trend being downward.

    Scientists are now finding shared relations between models of solar weather interactions and the actual climate over many thousands of years, including the last Ice Age. The problem is that the models are predicting that the world should be entering a new Ice Age and it is not. One way of solving this theoretical difficulty is to assume a delay of thousands of years while the solar effects overcome the inertia (惯性) of the earth's climate. If this is right, the warming effect of carbon dioxide might thus be serving as a useful opposed balance to the sun's fading heat .

It can be concluded that a concentration of carbon dioxide in the atmosphere would_________.

   A. mean a warming-up in the Antarctic

   B. raise the temperature of the earth' s surface

C. prevent the sun's rays from reaching the earth's surface

D. explain the cause of  great changes in the climate in the northern hemisphere

The article was written to explain ___________.

A. the greenhouse effect

B. the solar effects on the earth

C. the causes affecting weather

D. the models of solar-weather interactions

Although the fuel consumption is greater in the northern hemisphere, temperatures there seem to be falling. This is__________.

A. mainly because the levels of carbon dioxide are rising

 B. partly due to changes in the output of solar energy

C. possibly because the ice caps in the poles are melting

D. only due to the effect of the inertia of the earth' s climate

On the basis of their models, scientists believe the opinion that__________.

A. the climate of the world should be becoming cooler

B. the new Ice Age will be delayed by the greenhouse effect

C. the man-made warming effect helps to increase the solar effects

D. it will take thousands of years for the inertia of the earth's climate to take effect

If the assumption about the delay of a new Ice age is correct, ____________.

A. ice would soon cover the northern hemisphere

B. the greenhouse effect could work in favor of the earth

C. the best way to overcome the cooling effect would be to burn more fuels

D. the increased levels of carbon dioxide in the atmosphere could warm up the earth even more quickly

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阅读理解

We shall not drown if we remember these rules:

  1. Never    swim alone.
  2. Never    swim at a beach if there is no lifeguard.
  3. Never    swim after a meal or when you feel hungry.
  4. Never    rely on rings, floats or other swimming aids. You may lose them or they    may let you sink.
  5. Do    not stay in the water too long, especially if it is cold.
  6. Before    you dive, be sure that the water is deep enough and that you will not hit    anybody.
  7. Never    go out in a boat if you can’t swim or if you are not wearing a life    jacket.

If you fall into difficulty, this is that you should do:

1.     Keep calm. Save your strength and breath.

2.     Try to float on your back or tread()water. To tread water, move your feet as if you are climbing some stairs.

3.     Raise your right arm for help.

Remember: A red flag means that it is dangerous for all swimmers to enter the water. A blue flag means that it is dangerous for children and weak swimmers to enter the water.

1When you see a red flag, you know that     .

A. no one should swim there

B. anyone may swim there

C. only strong swimmers should swim there

D. children should swim there

2We can go swimming     .

A. after a meal              B. if we have a ring

C. in deep cold water           D. with our friends

3We should dive only when      .

A. the water is deep enough

B. the water is warm

C. the water is cold

D. we are not alone

4What the writer wants to say is     .

A. rings and floats are of no use

B. boats are not safe

C. we must be very careful in swimming

D. swimming is a bad sport

5We should     when in difficulty.

A. hold our breath

B. keep calm and let other know

C. put up our arms

D. be silent

 

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  From the coldest arctic ice to the hottest deserts you will find mammals living and thriving(兴旺).There seems to be no climate that they can't adapt to, however changeable it may be.Why can mammals adapt to so many different habitats? There is a good reason for this-mammals have the ability to keep their body at a constant temperature whatever the weather.They are “warm-blooded”.

  Mammals achieve this by chemically “burning” their food as fuel inside their bodies.This is kept under tight control by a region of the brain that acts like a thermostat(恒温器), and this makes sure that the mammal's body temperature stays about the same.

  A constant body temperature is a great advantage for mammals because all the chemical processes that go on inside a living body are likely to happen more slowly at low temperatures and faster at higher temperatures.Mammals can regulate their temperature at the best condition for all these processes, allowing them to be active at very cold or very hot periods and to keep up tiring activity for a long time.Animals such as lizards(蜥蜴)rely on moving in and out of the warm sunlight to regulate their body temperature.They slow down when they can't warm up and may die if they can't get away from heat.They also tend to overheat quickly when they are active as their muscles produce warmth.

  Using food energy to keep body temperature constant is expensive, and since mammals need to be efficient at keeping the warmth they create inside themselves, they often have fur and a cover of fat under their skin to prevent heat from escaping.To help lose heat when they are too hot, they have sweat glands(汗腺)that take the heat away from the skin through evaporating(蒸发)water.This means, though, that they need to drink more than other animals.

(1)

Mammals can adapt to so many habitats because ________

[  ]

A.

the climate is unchangeable

B.

they can regulate their body temperature

C.

they are “warm-blooded”

D.

their muscles produce warmth

(2)

When mammals keep their body at a constant temperature, ________

[  ]

A.

the chemical processes happen more slowly in their bodies

B.

the chemical processes happen faster in their bodies

C.

they will use less fuel inside their bodies

D.

they can live an active life

(3)

We can infer from the last paragraph that mammals ________

[  ]

A.

need to drink more than other animals

B.

have different ways of keeping their body temperature

C.

often have fur and fat to prevent heat from escaping

D.

have sweat glands that take the heat away from the skin

(4)

The writer answers the question raised in the first paragraph with ________

[  ]

A.

stories and explanation

B.

examples and conclusion

C.

evidence and argument

D.

explanation and comparison

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In the atmosphere, carbon dioxide acts rather like a one-way mirror or the glass in the roof of a greenhouse which allows the sun's rays to enter but prevents the heat from escaping.

   According to a weather expert' s prediction, the atmosphere will be 3℃ warmer in the year 2050 than it is today, if man continues to burn fuels at the present rate. If this warming up took place, the ice caps in the poles would begin to melt, thus raising sea level several metres and severely flooding coastal cities. Also, the increase in atmospheric temperature would lead to great changes in the climate of the northern hemisphere (北半球), possibly resulting in an alteration of the earth's chief food growing zones.

    In the past, concern about a man-made warming of the earth has concentrated on the Arctic because the Antarctic is much colder and has a much thicker ice sheet. But the weather experts are now paying more attention to West Antarctic, which may be affected by only a few degrees of warming, in other words, by a warming on the scale that will possibly take place in the next fifty years from the burning of fuels.

    Satellite pictures show that large areas of Antarctic ice are already disappearing. The evidence available suggests that a warming has taken place. This fits the theory that carbon dioxide warms the earth.

    However, most of the fuel is burnt in the northern hemisphere, where temperatures seem to be falling. Scientists conclude , therefore, that up to now natural influences on the weather have gone beyond those caused by man. The question is: Which natural cause has most effect on the weather?

    One possibility is the variable behavior of the sun. Astronomers at one research station have studied the hot spots and "cold" spots (that is, the relatively less hot spots) on the sun. As the sun rotates (使旋转), every 27. 5 days, it presents hotter or "colder" faces to the earth, and different aspects to different parts of the earth. This seems to have a considerable effect on the distribution of the earth's atmospheric pressure, and consequently on wind circulation. The sun is also changeable over a long term: its heat output goes up and down in cycles, the latest trend being downward.

    Scientists are now finding shared relations between models of solar weather interactions and the actual climate over many thousands of years, including the last Ice Age. The problem is that the models are predicting that the world should be entering a new Ice Age and it is not. One way of solving this theoretical difficulty is to assume a delay of thousands of years while the solar effects overcome the inertia (惯性) of the earth's climate. If this is right, the warming effect of carbon dioxide might thus be serving as a useful opposed balance to the sun's fading heat .

66. It can be concluded that a concentration of carbon dioxide in the atmosphere would_________.

   A. mean a warming-up in the Antarctic

   B. raise the temperature of the earth' s surface

C. prevent the sun's rays from reaching the earth's surface

D. explain the cause of  great changes in the climate in the northern hemisphere

67.The article was written to explain ___________. 

A. the greenhouse effect

B. the solar effects on the earth

C. the causes affecting weather

D. the models of solar-weather interactions

68. Although the fuel consumption is greater in the northern hemisphere, temperatures there seem to be falling. This is__________.

 A. mainly because the levels of carbon dioxide are rising

 B. partly due to changes in the output of solar energy

C. possibly because the ice caps in the poles are melting

D. only due to the effect of the inertia of the earth' s climate

69. On the basis of their models, scientists believe the opinion that__________.

A. the climate of the world should be becoming cooler

B. the new Ice Age will be delayed by the greenhouse effect

C. the man-made warming effect helps to increase the solar effects

D. it will take thousands of years for the inertia of the earth's climate to take effect

70. If the assumption about the delay of a new Ice age is correct, ____________.

A. ice would soon cover the northern hemisphere

B. the greenhouse effect could work in favor of the earth

C. the best way to overcome the cooling effect would be to burn more fuels

D. the increased levels of carbon dioxide in the atmosphere could warm up the earth even more quickly

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