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I prefer the stories about the swimmers at the Beijing Olympics，one of which is about Zakia Nassar. She's a 21-year-old Palestinian __21__ Bethlehem studying dentistry in Jenin. Having had neither a __22__ nor a chance to an Olympic-sized pool in the past year, she had no choice but to __23__ on her own at a 12m public pool.
There is a 50-meter __24__ in nearby Nazareth, but the Israeli government did not __25__ her to use it.
Nassar was __26__ to training only when she returned to her parents' home in Bethlehem, __27__ she did so only about every two months for two days or so. __28__ the pool is only 12 meters long.
“My parents and friends always __29__ me, reminding me that I had to keep training if I __30 wanted to go to the Olympics,” she said.
It was only when Nassar __31__ China a month ago that she finally got the opportunity to swim in a 50m pool and enjoyed the __32__ of having a coach.
When she at last took part in the Games, she swam the 50m in 31.97 seconds, a(n) __33__ of seven seconds on her personal __34__. Nassar said it was the most beautiful moment of her life.
She will not __35__ on the cover of Time magazine or __36__ millions of dollars in endorsements（捐款）, but she can always say she won a race at the Olympics. For her, it wasn’t about __37__ the other swimmers or winning a prize, but about __38__ her own goal, __39__ difficult. When I think things are too difficult or I get those “I-just-can’t-do-it,” I think of her. Then I realize how __40__ the task before me really is.
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【答案】 21.B 22.C 23.D 24.A 25.B 26.C 27.A 28.A 29.B 30.C 31.D 32.A 33.B 34.C 35.D 36.A 37.D 38.A 39.D 40.C 【解析】略 【题型】完型填空 【适用】一般 【标题】2011届山东省宁阳一中高三上学期期中考试英语卷 【关键字标签】故事类阅读 【结束】 17【题文】You're busy filling out the application form for a position you really need. Let's assume you once actually completed a couple of years of college work or even that you completed your degree. Isn't it appealing to lie just a little, to claim on the form that your diploma represents a Harvard degree? Or that you finished an extra couple of years back at State University? More and more people are turning to cheat like this to land their job or to move ahead in their careers, for personnel officers, like most Americans, value degrees from famous schools. A job applicant may have a good education anyway, but he or she assumes that chances of being hired are better with a diploma from a well-known university. Registrars（登记员） at most well-known colleges say they deal with deceitful claims like these at the rate of about one per week. Personnel officers do check up on degrees listed on application forms, then. If it turns out that an applicant is lying, most colleges are unwilling to accuse the applicant directly. One Ivy League school calls them "cheats"; another refers to them as "special cases". One well-known West Coast school, in perhaps the most delicate phrase of all, says that these claims are made by "no such people". To avoid outright(彻底的) lies, some job-seekers claim that they "attending" means being dismissed after one semester. It may be that "being associated with" a college means that the job-seeker visited his younger brother for a football weekend. One school that keeps records of false claims says that the practice dates back at least to the turn of the century—that's when they began keeping records, anyhow. If you don't want to lie or even stretch the truth, there are companies that will sell you a false diploma. One company, with offices in New York and on the West Coast, will put your name on a diploma from any number of nonexistent colleges. The price begins at around twenty dollars for a diploma from "Smoot State University". The prices increase rapidly for a degree from the "University of Purdue". As there is no Smoot State and the real school in Indiana is properly called Purdue University, the prices seem rather high for one sheet of paper. 41.The main idea of this passage is that ______.
42.According to the passage, "special cases" refers to cases that ______.
43.We can infer from the passage that _______.
44.This passage implies that ______.
【答案】 45.B 46.B 47.D 48.D 【解析】略 【题型】阅读理解 【适用】一般 【标题】2011届山东省宁阳一中高三上学期期中考试英语卷 【关键字标签】社会现象类 【结束】 18【题文】Doris Lessing was born in 1919 in Persia, moving as a child with her family to southern Rhodesia, now Zimbabwe, where she stayed in school only to the age of 14. A year after moving to London, she published her first novel in 1950. The Grass is Singing examines unbridgeable racial conflict in colonial Africa through the eyes of a white farmer's wife and her black servant. Her literary breakthrough came in 1962 with publication of The Golden Notebook, seen by many, though not necessarily Lessing, as a pioneering work of modern feminism（女权运动）. A disjointed study of the mind of the main character, Anna Wulf, the novel explores her thoughts about Africa, politics, relationships with men and sex, and Jungian analysis and dream interpretation. Lessing's themes changed to psychology in her works from the 1960s, and by the 1970s she was interested in the Islamic mystic tradition of Sufism（苏菲教派）. Her turn toward science fiction with the Canopus series in the early 1980s was not warmly received by traditional critics, but she has continued to be popular with new readers and numerous literary awards, including the David Cohen British Literary Prize and the Companion of Honour from the Royal Society of Literature, both in 2001. Following the announcement, the Horace Engdahl told VOA why he was personally so pleased with Lessing's selection. “She is one of the truly great writers -- of novels, short stories, fiction and non-fiction,” Engdahl said. “She is one of the few writers who have had the courage to uphold the principle of equality between the male and female experience, and she has given the impulse to numbers of other women writers. And she is really the mother of a school that is one of the most important in our contemporary literature.” At 87, Doris Lessing is the oldest Nobel Literature winner since the first prizes were awarded in 1901. 49. What would be the best title of the passage?
50.It can be inferred from the passage that _______.
51.According to the fourth paragraph, _______.
52.The underlined word “impulse” in the 6th passage is closest in meaning to _______.
【答案】 53.C 54.C 55.B 56.D 【解析】略 【题型】阅读理解 【适用】一般 【标题】2011届山东省宁阳一中高三上学期期中考试英语卷 【关键字标签】人物传记类 【结束】 19【题文】将下列句子翻译为英语，必须用所提示的英语单词或提示单词的派生形式。 57.病人被交给专科医生治疗。(refer) _______________________________________________________________________ 58.我们的老师从来不允许考试作弊。(tolerate) _______________________________________________________________________ 59.我把成功归功于我所受到的教育。(owe) _______________________________________________________________________ 60.他的言行不一致。(correspond) _______________________________________________________________________ 61.外出忘记带伞是他的特点。(typical) _______________________________________________________________________ 62.你对这部电影感兴趣吗？(appeal) _______________________________________________________________________ 63.他被禁止驾车六个月。(ban) _______________________________________________________________________ 64.他最近被任命为委员会成员。(appoint) _______________________________________________________________________ 65.他对我们总是坦诚相待，他从不灰心丧气。(give way to) _______________________________________________________________________ 66.另一方面，经常处于广告的包围之中，我们的想法有可能随着时间的流逝而发生变化。(be exposed to) _______________________________________________________________________ _______________________________________________________________________ 【答案】 67.The patient was referred to a specialist for treatment. 68.Our teacher never tolerates cheating in exams. Our teacher has no tolerance to cheating in exams. Out teacher is never tolerant of cheating in exams. 69.I owe my success to my education. 70.His actions don’t correspond with his words. 71.It’s typical of him to forget his umbrella when he goes out. 72.Does the film appeal to you? 73.He was banned from driving for six months. 74.She has recently been appointed to the committee. 75.He was always honest with us and never gave way to disappointment. 76.On the other hand, being constantly exposed to advertisements can help to change our opinions over time. 【解析】略 【题型】其他 【适用】一般 【标题】2011届山东省宁阳一中高三上学期期中考试英语卷 【关键字标签】汉译英 【结束】 20【题文】你的英国朋友Jack想了解北京奥运会的情况。假如你是李华，请你给他写一封电子邮件，就本届奥运会作一简单介绍。内容要点如下： 1. 从2008年8月8日至24日历时17天，二百多个国家和地区参赛。 2. 本届奥运会打破43项世界记录、132项奥运会记录，美国运动员Michael Phelps创一次奥运会金牌最多的记录。 3. 中国队表现突出，获100枚奖牌、50枚金牌，金牌总数第一，创历史之最。 4. 北京奥运会的成功举办获得全球赞誉。 注意：字数：120左右 Dear Jack, I’m very glad to tell you something about the Beijing Olympic Games. ____________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________ With best wishes. Yours sincerely, Li Hua 【答案】 Dear Jack, I’m very glad to tell you something about the Beijing Olympic Games. The 2008 Summer Olympic Games lasted 17 days, which were held in Beijing on August 8th and dropped their curtain on Aug. 24. More than 10,000 athletes from over 200 countries and areas took part. The Games saw 43 new world records and 132 new Olympic records. The American athlete, Michael Phelps broke the record for most gold medals in one Olympics. China performed so wonderfully that it won a total of 100 medals, including 51 gold medals, leading the gold medal count for the first time in history. Beijing’s successful hosting of the Games has earned global praise and the organizing work has been considered perfect. I hope the 2012 London Olympic Games will also be a perfect one. With best wishes. Yours sincerely, Li Hua 【解析】略 【题型】书面表达 【适用】一般 【标题】2011届山东省宁阳一中高三上学期期中考试英语卷 【关键字标签】提纲作文 【结束】 |
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Economics has long been known as the dismal(凄凉的)science. But is any economist so dreary(沉闷的) as to criticize Christmas? At first glance, the holiday season in western economies seems a treat for those concerned with such vagaries(奇想、异想天开) as GDP growth. After all, everyone is spending; in America, retailers make 25％ of their yearly sales and 60％ of their profits between Thanksgiving and Christmas. Even so, economists find something to worry about in the nature of the purchases being made.
Much of the holiday spending is on gifts for others. At the simplest level, giving gifts involves the giver thinking of something that the recipient would like-he tries to guess her preferences, as economists say-and then buying the gift and delivering it. Yet this guessing of preferences is no mean feat; indeed, it is often done badly. Every year, ties go unworn and books unread. And even if a gift is enjoyed, it may not be what the recipient would have bought had they spent the money themselves. Intrigued(激起……兴趣) by this mismatch between wants and gifts.
In 1993 Joel Waldfogel, then an economist at Yale University, sought to estimate the disparity(不一致) in dollar terms. In a paper that has proved seminal(开创性的) in the literature on the issue, he asked students two questions at the end of a holiday season: first, estimate the total amount paid (by the givers) for all the holiday gifts you received; second, apart from the sentimental value of the items, if you did not have them, how much would you be willing to pay to get them? His results were gloomy: on average, a gift was valued by the recipient well below the price paid by the giver.
The most conservative estimate put the average receiver's valuation at 90％ of the buying price. The missing 10％ is what economists call a deadweight loss: a waste of resources that could be averted without making anyone worse off. In other words, if the giver gave the cash value of the purchase instead of the gift itself, the recipient could then buy what she really wants, and be better off for no extra cost.
If the results are generalized(无显著特点的), a waste of one dollar in ten represents a huge aggregate(总计) loss to society. It suggests that in America, where givers spend $ 40 billion on Christmas gifts, $ 4 billion is being lost annually in the process of gift giving. Add in birthdays, weddings and non-Christian occasions, and the figure would balloon. So should economists advocate an end to gift giving, or at least press for money to become the gift of choice?
1．Why do some people regard the holiday season in western economies a treat?
[ ]
A．Because the economic situation in US has been gloomy.
B．Because holiday spending can stimulate GDP growth.
C．Because American retailers make a quarter of their yearly sales through holiday season.
D．Because retailers can make as much profit as 60％ over holiday season.
2．The purpose of Joel Waldfogel's study is to ________.
[ ]
A．prove the mismatch between wants and gifts
B．spark new ideas of economic studies on holiday spending
C．evaluate the disparity between wants and gifts in economic terms
D．discover the exact cost of holiday spending on gift giving
3．Economists think of the missing 10％ of holiday spending a deadweight loss because ________.
[ ]
A．the cash value of the purchase is lower than the buying price
B．it makes many people even worse off for spending more on unwanted gifts
C．with the money the recipients can be better off for no extra cost
D．it is actually a waste of resources in economic terms
4．According to the passage altogether how much money is wasted every year on gift-giving?
[ ]
A．About $ 40 billion.
B．About $ 4 billion.
C．About 10％ of the total value.
D．Much more than $ 4 billion.
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Waste to Energy－JUST BURN IT！ WHY BURN WASTE？Waste-to-energy plants generate(产生)enough electricity to supply 2.4 million households in the US．But, providing electricity is not the major advantage of waste-to-energy plants．In fact, it costs more to generate electricity at a waste-to-energy plant than it does at a coal, nuclear, or hydropower plant．
The major advantage of burning waste is that it considerably reduces the amount of trash going to landfills．The average American produces more than 1,600 pounds of waste a year．If all this waste were landfilled, it would take more than two cubic yards of landfill space．That's the volume of a box three feet long, three feet wide, and six feet high．If that waste were burned, the ashes would fit into a box three feet long, three feet wide, but only nine inches high!
Some communities in the Northeast may be running out of land for new landfills．And, since most people don't want landfills in their backyards, it has become more difficult to obtain permits to build new landfills．Taking the country as a whole, the United States has plenty of open space, of course, but it is expensive to transport garbage a long distance to put it into a landfill．
TO BURN OR NOT TO BURN?
Some people are concerned that burning garbage may harm the environment．Like coal plants, waste-to-energy plants produce air pollution when the fuel is burned to produce steam or electricity．Burning garbage releases the chemicals and substances found in the waste．Some chemicals can be a threat to people, the environment, or both, if they are not properly controlled．
Some critics of waste-to-energy plants are afraid that burning waste will hamper(妨碍，阻碍)recycling programs．If everyone sends their trash to a waste-to-energy plant, they say, there will be little motive to recycle．Several states have considered or are considering banning waste-to-energy plants unless recycling programs are in place．Massachusetts, New Jersey, and New York City have delayed new waste-to-energy plants, hoping to increase the level of recycling first．
So, what's the real story?Can recycling and burning waste coexist?At first glance, recycling and waste-to-energy seem to be at odds(不一致), but they can actually complement(弥补)each other．That's because it makes good sense to recycle some materials, and better sense to burn others．
Let's look at aluminum, for example．Aluminum mineral is so expensive to mine that recycling aluminum more than pays for itself．Burning it produces no energy．So clearly, aluminum is valuable to recycle and not useful to burn．
Paper, on the other hand, can either be burned or recycled－it all depends on the price the used paper will bring．
Plastics are another matter．Because plastics are made from petroleum and natural gas, they are excellent sources of energy for waste-to-energy plants．This is especially true since plastics are not as easy to recycle as steel, aluminum, or paper．Plastics almost always have to be hand sorted and making a product from recycled plastics may cost more than making it from new materials．
To burn or not to burn is not really the question．We should use both recycling and waste-to-energy as alternatives to landfilling．
Waste to Energy－JUST BURN IT!
Should parents consider any real value in kid humor? And should the sounds of armpit farts(咯吱打响) be encouraged?
“Absolutely. Not during a math test, necessarily, but there are too many places in our world right now where children have to be serious,” said Ed Dunkelblau, a psychologist. “We forget that humor, laughter and play are important to our existence.”
“Kids learn to build relationships through humor and laughter,” said Ed Dunkelblau. “There are ways to play and be humorous that don’t cost anybody self-esteem.”
Research shows that children respond to humor long before they can fully understand language or develop long-term memory.
Two top funny guys from American Greetings, Pat Sandy and Brain Cleary, see kid humor as a victory of language and one of the earliest acts of defiance(违抗), both of which should be celebrated as necessary and healthy.
“We do the same thing as grown-ups. We show off our vocabularies,” said Cleary. Sandy said parents should consider a good sense of humor a benefit to their children. “A kid who is really good at humor shows a sign of intelligence at an early age,” he said. “Armpit farts show an ability to take incongruent(不一致的) devices and bring them together.”
Social worker Devra Renner said parents tend to forget what made them laugh—and how good it felt—when they were young.
“Consider how many times you have heard a parent ask a laughing child, ‘What’s so funny’” said Renner. “But if we give up the adult definition of what‘fun’is and remember what was fun when we were kids, I think many parents would be amazed at their newfound ability to once again discover just what it is that’s so funny.”
67. What’s Dunkelblau’s attitude towards kid humor?
A. Disapproving. B. Critical. C. Skeptical. D. Supportive.
68. In the opinion of Sandy, kid humor _______.
A. shows children are creative
B. helps children develop a good memory at an early age
C. reflects children’s desire to show off their intelligence
D. is a kind of way to show off kids’ big vocabularies
69. According to Renner, what can we know?
A. Parents usually know how to make their kids laugh.
B. Parents sometimes can’t understand kid humor.
C. Parents can discover fun from what makes kids laugh.
D. Parents tend to tell their funny stories from childhood to their kids.
70. The author’s purpose in writing this passage is to ______.
A. encourage parents to teach kids how to be humorous
B. remind kids to avoid being hurt by bad humor
C. expect parents to realize the importance of kid humor
D. explain what humor brings to parents and kids
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