摘要:1. reason, cause与excuse的区别: cause, reason与excuse这组同义词的一般含义是“原因 或“理由 (1)cause用于表示具有明显因果关系的原因.是某一结果的“起因 ,reason有时能与cause换用.但上下文必须有能够查得出的或可以解释得出的因果关系.表示“导致某种结果/做出某种行为的理由 .如果某“结果 是不言而喻的.也可以用reason表示“原因 . 例如: Was the noise a cause of the illness, or were the complaints about noise merely a symptom? 噪音是病因呢.还是对噪音的抱怨仅仅是一种症状呢? Every effect must have an adequate cause. 每一种结果都必须有充分的原因. They are trying to find out the reason of the terrible fire. 他们正在努力查寻那次可怕的火灾的原因. The airport was built during the war, but for some reason it could not be used then. 这个飞机场是在大战期间建造的.但是由于某种原因当时没有能够使用. The reason for this is that this plane is also a bicycle. 其原因是.这架飞机又是一辆自行车. (2)excuse指“(为免受指责和推卸责任而找到的)理由.借口 .例如: Too much work is no excuse for not studying. 工作太忙不能成为不学习的理由. Have you any excuse to offer for frequent absence from collective practice? 你经常不参加集体训练有什么理由解释吗? “I will not listen to any excuse, Mr. Black stopped her. “我不想听任何借口. 布莱克先生阻止她说. (3)cause还可以作为动词使用.意思是“引起,使,促成 .例如: The heavy rain caused the flood. 大雨引起了洪水. The wound isn't serious, but may cause some discomfort. 伤口并不严重,但可能会引起一些不舒适. (4)excuse 可以作为动词.常与for连用.意思是“宽恕,原谅,辩解,开脱 .例如: Please excuse me. 请原谅. Please excuse me for being late. 对不起.我迟到了. She said 'Excuse me' when she stepped on my foot. 她踩了我的脚时说了声'对不起'. Nothing will excuse his cruelty to his children. 任何事都不能开脱他虐待儿童的罪行.

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The park bench was deserted as I sat down to read beneath an old willow tree. Not   36__   with life, I was down. A young boy out of breath   37   me, all tired from play. He stood right before me with his head tilted(倾斜的) down,   38   with great excitement, “Look what I found!”

In his hand was a flower, and what a   39   sight, with its petals(花瓣) all worn-not enough rain, or too little light.   40   him to take his dead flower and go off to play, I   41   a small smile and then shifted away. But instead of   42  he sat next to my side and placed the flower to his nose and declared with   43  , “It sure smells pretty and it’s beautiful, too. That’s why I   44   it; here, it’s for you.”

The flower before me was dying or dead. But I knew I   45   take it, or he might never leave. So I reached for the flower, and   46  , “Just what I need.” But instead of placing the flower in my hand, he   47  it mid-air without reason. It was then that I   48   for the very first time the boy was   49  .

I heard my voice shake, tears shone like the sun   50   I thanked him for picking the very best one. He smiled, and then ran off to play,   51   of the effect he’d had on my day.

I sat there and   52  how he managed to see a self-pitying woman beneath an old willow tree. How did he know of my self-indulged(放纵的)  53  ? Perhaps from his heart, he'd been blessed with true   54 .

  55   the eyes of a blind child, at last I could see, the problem was not with the world; the problem was me. And for all of those times I myself had been blind, I vowed to see beauty, and appreciate every second that's mine.

36.A.excited     B.inspired    C.content     D.disappointed

37.A.approached      B.overlooked       C.understood       D.recognized

38.A.telling      B.saying      C.informing D.talking

39.A.unique      B.rough       C.bothering  D.pitiful

40.A.Wanting   B.Demanding      C.Persuading       D.Inviting

41.A.presented  B.adjusted    C.forced      D.delivered

42.A.declining  B.accepting  C.panicking  D.quitting

43.A.surprise    B.embarrassment C.sympathy  D.sorrow

44.A.took  B.pulled       C.attained    D.picked

45.A.should      B.can    C.may  D.must

46.A.announced       B.replied      C.declared    D.whispered

47.A.grasped    B.held  C.caught      D.seized

48.A.observed   B.confirmed C.noticed     D.concluded

49.A.strange     B.blind C.deaf  D.unimaginable

50.A.once  B.after  C.as      D.since

51.A.unaware   B.unbelievable     C.regretful   D.regardless

52.A. doubted     B. felt     C. found  D. wondered

53.   A. embarrassment   B. depression  C. hopelessness      D. effort

54.   A. sense  B. hearing      C. sight   D. ability

55.A.In     B.From C.Before      D.Through

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阅读下面的短文,并根据短文后的要求答题(请注意问题后的字数要求)。

Safety in the highway is not totally out of hands. Here are four ways we can protect ourselves when we travel.

You are safer in a large car. People in small cars are injured more often and more severely than people traveling in large cars. Factories of small cars are strengthening their products’ safety, which helps. But the mix of large cars and small cars on the road is the main reason of the problem.

Being thrown into glass and metal car parts, or being thrown from the car, can really damage to you. That’s why safety belts should be worn. The safety belt’s main purpose is ___________if your car has a sudden crash with another vehicle or object, or if it rolls over. A belt can reduce the chance of fatal injury by 45% and the chance of serious injury by 50%.

Air bags are important. More than half of all new cars sold have air bags. Air bags provide protection in frontal(正面的)crashes—the type of crash that kills the most drivers—when they are also wearing safety belts. Most people are demanding air bags in the cars they buy. But the protection provided by air bags is limited in side or rear crashes; effective as they are, they can’t take the place of safety belts.

Drunk driving crashes are less likely to happen if you don’t drink. Drunk driving is the most serious problem. Many people have realized that drunk driving can lead to death and injury, prison time and other results. There are movements to strengthen penalties(处罚) for drinking and driving.

1. What is the main idea of the passage? (Please answer within 10 words.)

2. Which of the sentences in the passage can be replaced by the following one?

Although they are effective, you should still wear your safety belts while driving.

3. Please fill in the blank with proper words to make the sentence completed.(Please answer within 6 words.)

4. Please translate the underlined sentence into Chinese.

6. What other suggestions can you offer? Why?(Please answer within 30 words.)

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It is true that good writers rewrite and rewrite and then rewrite some more. But in order to work up the desire to rewrite, it is important to learn to like what you write at the early stage.  

I am surprised at the number of famous writers I know who say that they so dislike reading their own writing later that they even hate to look over the publishers’ opinions. One reason we may dislike reading our own work is that we’re often disappointed that the rich ideas in our minds seem very thin and plain when first written down. Jerry Fodor and Steven Pinker suggest that this fact may be a result of how our minds work. .  

Different from popular belief ,we do not usually think in the works and sentences of ordinary language but in symbols for ideas (known as “mentalese”), and writing our ideas down is an act of translation from that symbolic language . But while mentalese contains our  thoughts in the form of a complex tapestry (织锦),writing can only be composed one thread at a time . Therefore it should not be surprising that our first attempt at expressing ideas should look so simple. It is only by repeatedly rewriting that we produces new threads and connect them to get closer to the ideas formed in our minds.  

When people write as if some strict critics (批评家) are looking over their shoulder , they are so worried about what this critic might say that they get stuck before they even start. Peter Elbow makes an excellent suggestion to deal with this problem. When writing we should have two different minds. At the first stage, we should see every idea, as well as the words we use to express it ,as wonderful and worth putting down . It is only during rewrites that we should examine what we excitedly wrote in the first stage and check for weaknesses.  

What do we learn from the text about those famous writers? 

A. They often regret writing poor works 

B. Some of them write surprisingly much.  

C. Many of them hate reading their own works 

D. They are happy to review the publishers’ opinions.  

What do people generally believe about the way human minds work? 

A. People think in words and sentences.  

B. Human ideas are translated into symbols 

C. People think by connecting threads of ideas.  

D. Human thoughts are expressed through pictures. 

What can we conclude from the text? 

A. Most people believe we think in symbols.  

B. Loving our own writing is scientifically reasonable.  

C. The writers and critics can never reach an agreement.  

D. Thinking and writing are different stages of mind at work.  

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Have you ever regretted doing something you shouldn't have done or something you didn't do which you should have? At one time or another we probably all have.There's no __51 in getting depressed about it now—it's no __52  crying overspilt(溢出的)milk.However,there may be some gain in thinking about exactly what happened and why __53  we might be able to draw some conclusions for the future.

One thing we all do now and again is to lose our __54  with a friend or close relative.The odd thing is that we more often display great __55  towards someone we are fond of than towards __56  .The explanation may be that we see friends and relatives as a kind of safety net, an opportunity to __57  a bit of steam in a safe environment,while the consequences (后果)of __58   a stranger could be far more serious.

Being honest is usually thought of as a virtue (美德) and undoubtedly this is the __59  .On the other hand,we have all experienced occasions when we have spoken our minds to someone,telling them exactly what we feel,and then have found ourselves filled with feelings of __60  .Perhaps we should have kept our mouths shut?

51. A. reason        B. purpose      C. point          D. result 

52. A. use           B. help         C. value          D. benefit 

53. A. so            B. because      C. but            D. though 

54. A. mind          B. memory       C. manner         D. temper 

55. A. anger         B. interest     C. love           D. respect 

56. A. strangers     B. friends      C. relatives      D. colleagues

57. A. run through   B. throw away   C. give up        D. let off

58. A. inviting      B. insulting    C. speaking to    D. believing in 

59. A. issue         B. case         C. event          D. factor 

60. A. excitement    B. happiness    C. pride          D. guilt 

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