摘要：英语的语态有两种:主动语态和被动语态. 主语是动作的发出者为主动语态,主语是动作的接受者为被动语态. 被动语态的注意事项: (1)若宾语补足语是不带to 的不定式.变为被动语态时.该不定式前要加"to".此类动词往往是感官动词.如:feel, hear, help, listen to, look at, make, observe, see, notice, watch 等等. 例如: The teacher made me go out of the classroom. --> I was made to go out of the classroom . We saw him play football on the playground. --> He was seen to play football on the playground. (2)带有情态动词的被动语态:即:情态动词+ be +过去分词.构成被动语态. 例如: Coal can be used to produce electricity for agriculture and industry. 煤炭可以用来为工农业生产发电. (3)短语动词是一个整体.不可丢掉后面的介词或副词. 例如: This is a photo of the power station that has been set up in my hometown. 这是我的家乡刚刚建设的一座发电站的照片. My sister will be taken care of by Grandma. 我妹妹将由我奶奶照顾. Such a thing has never been heard of before. 过去从未听说过这样的事情. (4)由believe, consider, declare, expect, feel , report, say, see, announce, suppose, think, understand等动词构成的被动结构: It is said that- 据说 It is reported that- 据报道 It is believed that- 大家相信 It is hoped that- 大家希望 已经宣布我们的飞行员已经安全归来. (5)不及物动词或动词短语如:appear, die, disappear, lost heart, come true, fall asleep, happen, last, lie, remain, sit, spread, stand, break out, keep silence, take place. 无被动语态.要想正确地使用被动语态.就须注意哪些动词是及物的.哪些是不及物的.特别是一词多义的动词往往有两种用法.解决这一问题唯有在学习过程中多留意积累. 试比较下列句子: (错) The price has been risen. (对) The price has risen. (错) The accident was happened last week. (对) The accident happened last week. (6) 不能用于被动语态的及物动词或动词短语: fit, have, hold, marry, own, wish, cost, notice, watch agree with, arrive at / in, shake hands with, succeed in, suffer from, happen to, take part in, walk into, belong to. 例如: This key just fits the lock. 这把钥匙就是开这把锁的. Your story agrees with what had already been heard. 你的故事与已经听到的说法是一致的. (7) 系动词无被动语态: appear, be become, fall, feel, get, grow, keep, look, remain, seem, smell, sound, stay, taste, turn. 例如: It sounds good. 听起来声音不错. It tastes delicious. 尝起来很香. (8) 带同源宾语的及物动词.反身代词.相互代词.不能用于被动语态:die, death, dream, live, life, smile. 例如: She dreamed a bad dream last night. 昨天晚上她做了一个噩梦. He died a heroic death. 他死得很英勇. (9) 动词wash, clean, cook, iron, look, cut, sell, read, wear, feel, draw, write, sell, drive- 用主动形式表示被动: The book sells well. 这本书销路好. This knife cuts easily. 这刀子很好用. (10) 特殊结构:make sb. heard / understood:使别人能听见 / 理解自己have something done : 要别人做某事 She spoke at the top of her voice to make herself heard. 她扯着嗓子喊叫.目的是让别人听到她的话. I had my hair cut yesterday. 我昨天理发了. [考点透视 考例精析] [考点] 考察地点状语从句. [考例1] There were marks on her trousers she had wiped her hands. A．where B．which C．when D．that [解析] A which和that引导定语从句.故排除,when引导时间状语从句.与句子的意思不符.应该用where引导地点状语从句.本题的意思是“她的裤子上她檫过手的地方有脏痕 . [拓展] 要注意where不仅可以引导地点状语从句.还可以引导定语从句.这时.where前面往往有一个表示地点的名词. 例如: They have never gone to the place where we intended to meet before. [考点] 考查被动语态. [考例2] Many man-made satellites space by China over the past five years. A．was been sent up B．was sent for C．have been sent up into D．has sent into [解析] C 根据句子结构看应该使用被动语态.因而排除D项,表示“发射升空 用send up into-.sent up“发射 .其后不能接名词.send for意思是“派人去请 .与句子的意思不相符合. [考点] 考查固定搭配的用法. [考例3] --I’m going to see the victim’s brother. --I’d rather you . A．didn’t B．have not C．don’t D．do [解析] A 第一个人所使用的时态为将来时.表示将来的打算.但是第二个人用的是固定句型:I would rather somebody did something. 所以只能选A项. [拓展] 另外注意句型Somebody would rather do something than do something .两个动词都用原形. 例如: I would rather do some work than stay home every day. [考点] 考查时态和语态. [考例4] The mayor of Beijing says that all construction work for the Beijing Olympics by 2006. A．has been completed B．has completed C．will have been completed D．will have completed [解析] C 首先.此句的construction work 与complete是动宾关系.construction work作从句的主语.所以应该使用被动语态.再由 by 2006可以知道.该动作现在尚未完成.所以用将来完成时态. [基础演练]

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