1.__________

Current research into the human gene system is helping us understand why people have predispositions（易患某病倾向）to certain diseases．Knowing our genetic makeup can help us to judge whether or not we may be stricken by particular illness, such as cancer．Even before birth, we are able to do genetic screenings to determine what a child's genetic disorder will be．Scientists have already isolated and identified the genes responsible for the more than 4,000 genetic diseases that affect human beings．

2.__________

The implications of this knowledge are astonishing. In addition to predicting genetic predisposition towards diseases, gene therapies may provide new treatments or cures for serious diseases．Millions of people already use genetically engineered drugs to treat heart disease, cancer, AIDS, and strokes （中风）. But with the research that is now being conducted, we may find cures to many more diseases．In the near future, genetic experimentation will also allow parents to select the traits of their children. Genetic traits that determine height, weight, eye and hair color will be able to be controlled, and many parents are excited about this potential.

3.__________

Many people, however, are unwilling to accept the possibilities genetic research allowsFor example, one reason some women do not use the largest genetic testing for breast cancer is because they are afraid they will be discriminated against．Another problem is that many people do not want to discover their weakness．What if they learn that they have a disease for which there are no medical cures? How will such knowledge affect their lives? Do people really want to know what they will die of?

4.__________

Many people believe that history has not always shown human decision-making to be bright when it comes to ethical（道德的）choices. Jeremy Rifkin is probably the most well known opponent of genetic engineering. He believes that humans are not responsible enough to experiment with genes and should not “play God” He asks, “Just because it can be done, does that mean it should be done?” He points out that our society will eventually look and act the same if parents select the traits of their children, and he questions the desirability of such a society．

5.．__________

One of the fears expressed about genetic experimentation involves privacy. Already blood sample taken from patients in hospitals have been used for genetic research without the patients’ permission. Most people would agree that one’s health and genetic makeup are private concerns. But if insurance companies gain access to this information, it could have a large impact on insurance coverage or costs; if employers gain access to the information, it could have a large impact on hiring or promotion decisions. The possibilities for discrimination are obvious．

—How about going to a concert this weekend?

—________? It's a few months since I enjoyed myself in the last one.

A．why        B．Why not           C．What for          D．What

— How about going to the park this afternoon?

—_______? It’s a few months since I enjoyed myself in the park．

A．Why          B．Why not      C．What for             D．What

A messy desk can actually lead people towards clearer thinking, say researchers from Germany．
The researchers found in a series of linked studies - using a messy desk and a messy shop front - that people actually thought more clearly when all around was chaos, as they sought to simplify the tasks at hand.
Visual and mental clutter（阻塞） forces human beings to focus and think more clearly.
Famous thinkers and writers such as Albert Einstein and Roald Dahl have been notorious（声名狼藉的） for their untidy desks.
“Messy desks may not be as detrimental（有害的） as they appear to be, as the problem-solving approaches they seem to cause can improve work efficiency or increase employees' creativity in problem solving,” say the authors.
“Business and government managers often promote 'clean desk' policies to avoid disorganized offices and messy desks, for the purpose of boosting work efficiency and productivity,” writes lead researcher Jia Liu of the University of Groningen in a paper published in the Journal of Consumer Research.
“This practice is based on the conventional wisdom that a disorganized and messy environment can clutter one's mind and complicate one's judgments.”
“However, not all evidence supports this conventional link between a messy environment and a messy mind.”
The scientists tested people's response in various 'messy' environments - including a messy shop front, a disorganized desk, and even a work environment where a language task 'reminded' people of messiness.
The authors found in the series of six studies people tended towards simplicity in their thinking.
“They categorized （分类） products in a simpler manner, were willing to pay more for a T-shirt that shows a simple-looking picture, and sought less variety in their choices.” said the researchers

1. 1.

   The purpose of the first two paragraphs is to show that _____．

   1. A.
      A messy desk cannot contribute to clearer thinking
   2. B.
      People thought more clearly about a messy desk and a shop front
   3. C.
      People will feel confused when all around are chaos
   4. D.
      People manage to simplify the tasks in messy environments
2. 2.

   Why does the author take Albert Einstein as an example?

   1. A.
      to support the idea that clearer thinking comes from messy environment．
   2. B.
      to tell the fact that Einstein was known for his untidy desks．
   3. C.
      to stop us from learning from Albert Einstein．
   4. D.
      to call on us to develop a good habit．
3. 3.

   How do people look at messy environment according to the conventional wisdom?

   1. A.
      Messy environment will create clearer thinking．
   2. B.
      Messy environment will simplify one' s judgment．
   3. C.
      Messy environment can promote work efficiency．
   4. D.
      Messy environment can block one' s mind．
4. 4.

   What does the last paragraph imply?

   1. A.
      People believe messy environment creates clearer thinking．
   2. B.
      People sought more simplicity in the choices．
   3. C.
      People were not willing to choose those complicated products．
   4. D.
      Not all the people accept messy environment and complicated things