In recent years, especially during the l960s, there was much discussion about “the brain drain (排干, 流失),” which dealt with the problem of students and learned people who left their own countries for other countries that offered better chances for study, research, and employment．For example, according to a report from U．N., between 1962 and l966 more than 50 percent of all engineering graduates of Iran and 14 percent of Iranian scientists left their country for work abroad．Over 30 percent of Chilean engineers and 15 percent of Turkish physicians also went to work in other countries．Probably the greatest brain drain occurred among young scientists who had gone abroad to study．Many of them had planned to return to their countries to teach but chose to remain in more industrialized nations where they were able to continue their work and their research in fields in which there were no job possibilities at home．The countries that attracted most of these scientists were the United States, Great Britain, Germany, France, Canada, and Australia.

　　Recent studies show that the brain drain to the United States may be decreasing．Many foreign scientists are going home again, and in some cases American scientists are leaving the United States for employment in other countries．The main reasons are that good jobs are becoming fewer here, money for national research has been sharply cut, and university fellowships reduced too．However, in the field of medicine the drain to the United States still goes on．Today more than one of every five American doctors is foreign - born, and several thousand foreign doctors immigrate to the United States each year．Over eighty countries have asked the State Department to send students who are skilled in important fields such as medicine back home when their study programs are over.

1.Which of the following is not the reason for “the brain drain”?

A．Good housing.　　           B．Better research condition.

C．Good job possibility　　      D．Better chances of study..

2.The brain drain to the United States may be decreasing mainly because __________.

A．many foreign scientists are ordered to return to their motherlands

B．they don't need any foreign scientists now

C．there are fewer and fewer good jobs in the USA

D．the universities refuse to provide money for the foreign scientists

3.How many American doctors are foreign - born?

A．About half of them.　 　 B More than 20 percent　

C．Several thousand.　　    D．About 15 percent.

4.Which is the best title for this passage?

A．How to seek a job in the USA.　　  B．Doctors' immigration to the USA.

C．A strange case.                  D．The brain drain. 

What made Joan Ryan decide to be a sports writer?“Ten years ago, I was ?　36　? news stories at the Orlando Sentinel in Florida—my first job ?　37　? college. I didn't know any female sports writers. But I wanted to be ?　38　?.?　39　?,the best writing in the paper was sports.”

“Furthermore, I had the ?　40　?.I grew up in a(n) ?　41　? family: Three boys and three girls and a coach for a dad.”?

Soon after describing her ambition to a coworker, the ?　42　? of her paper reassigned Joan to the sports ?　43　?.She started out by editing other people's stories,?　44　? within a year, she was writing her own sports column.?

Today, Joan is the sports ?　45　? for the San Francisco Examiner in California. When she ?　46　? her job eight years ago, she was the ?　47　? woman sports writer on any major American newspaper.

Was it tough to ?　48　? as a female sports writer??　49　?!Take, for example, the first time Joan tried to get an interview in the men's locker room. “It was the U.S. Football League. I wanted to interview one of the players—Joe Cribbs, because he had just broken a finger. As soon as I ?　50　? into the locker room ?　51　? all sports writers interview athletes—the room went ?　52　?.Guys started yelling at me—closing in on me. It was really frightening. One guy was sitting on a bench in front of me, tapping up his ankle,?　53　? a long-handled razor for cutting the tape. Suddenly, I felt something move up my leg. It was the ?　54　? of the razor. I yelled at him and walked out.”

Joan ?　55　? interviewing Cribbs—outside the locker room.“In retrospect(回忆),I feel this was a defining moment for me as a journalist. I went back and wrote my story and made my deadline. Now I know that nothing can interfere with getting the story.”?

36. A. writing B. finding       C. editing       D. sending?

37. A. in B. out of C. into    D. before?

38. A. one      B. the one       C. it D. that?

39. A. However     B. Therefore   C. Above all   D. First of all?

40. A. knowledge   B. experience  C. Background       D. interest?

41. A. big       B. athletic       C. athrete       D. warm?

42. A. editor   B. Manager     C. Director     D. workmate?

43. A. column B. field   C. department D. paper?

44. A. and      B. So      C. however     D. but?

45. A. columnist    B. writer C. journalist    D. female?

46. A. did       B. left     C. landed D. wanted?

47. A. abed     B. only    C. brave  D. wisest?

48. A. work    B. writer C. interview    D. pioneer?

49. A. You bet       B. You believe       C. Unbelievable     D. You guess?

50. A. stepped B. entered       C. rushed D. moved?

51. A. that      B. which C. where D. when?

52. A. warm   B. crazy  C. down  D. full?

53. A. held     B. playing      C. used    D. using?

54. A. cap      B. cover  C. handle D. movement?

55. A. started  B. ended up C. Made     D. wrote??

What made Joan Ryan decide to be a sports writer?“Ten years ago, I was ?　36　? news stories at the Orlando Sentinel in Florida—my first job ?　37　? college. I didn't know any female sports writers. But I wanted to be ?　38　?.?　39　?,the best writing in the paper was sports.”

“Furthermore, I had the ?　40　?.I grew up in a(n) ?　41　? family: Three boys and three girls and a coach for a dad.”?

Soon after describing her ambition to a coworker, the ?　42　? of her paper reassigned Joan to the sports ?　43　?.She started out by editing other people's stories,?　44　? within a year, she was writing her own sports column.?

Today, Joan is the sports ?　45　? for the San Francisco Examiner in California. When she ?　46　? her job eight years ago, she was the ?　47　? woman sports writer on any major American newspaper.

Was it tough to ?　48　? as a female sports writer??　49　?!Take, for example, the first time Joan tried to get an interview in the men's locker room. “It was the U.S. Football League. I wanted to interview one of the players—Joe Cribbs, because he had just broken a finger. As soon as I ?　50　? into the locker room ?　51　? all sports writers interview athletes—the room went ?　52　?.Guys started yelling at me—closing in on me. It was really frightening. One guy was sitting on a bench in front of me, tapping up his ankle,?　53　? a long-handled razor for cutting the tape. Suddenly, I felt something move up my leg. It was the ?　54　? of the razor. I yelled at him and walked out.”

Joan ?　55　? interviewing Cribbs—outside the locker room.“In retrospect(回忆),I feel this was a defining moment for me as a journalist. I went back and wrote my story and made my deadline. Now I know that nothing can interfere with getting the story.”?

36. A. writing B. finding       C. editing       D. sending?

37. A. in B. out of C. into    D. before?

38. A. one      B. the one       C. it D. that?

39. A. However     B. Therefore   C. Above all   D. First of all?

40. A. knowledge   B. experience  C. Background       D. interest?

41. A. big       B. athletic       C. athrete       D. warm?

42. A. editor   B. Manager     C. Director     D. workmate?

43. A. column B. field   C. department D. paper?

44. A. and      B. So      C. however     D. but?

45. A. columnist    B. writer C. journalist    D. female?

46. A. did       B. left     C. landed D. wanted?

47. A. abed     B. only    C. brave  D. wisest?

48. A. work    B. writer C. interview    D. pioneer?

49. A. You bet       B. You believe       C. Unbelievable     D. You guess?

50. A. stepped B. entered       C. rushed D. moved?

51. A. that      B. which C. where D. when?

52. A. warm   B. crazy  C. down  D. full?

53. A. held     B. playing      C. used    D. using?

54. A. cap      B. cover  C. handle D. movement?

55. A. started  B. ended up C. Made     D. wrote??

A Lesson in Caring

It was a cold evening. My daughter and I were walking up Broadway. I didn’t notice a guy sitting inside a cardboard box. But Nora . She wasn’t even four, but she ? at my coat and said, “That man’s cold. Daddy, can we take him home?”

??? I don’t remember my . But I do remember a sudden feeling inside me. I had always been delighted at how much my daughter noticed in her , whether it was birds flying or children playing. But now she was noticing and beggary.

??? A few days later, I saw an article in the newspaper about volunteers who picked up a food package from a nearby school on a Sunday morning and it to an elderly person. I signed us up. Nora was about it. She could understand the importance of food, so she could easily see how our job was. When Sunday came, she was ready, but I had to myself to leave the house to fetch the food package. On my way to the school, I fought a(n) to turn back. The Sunday paper and coffee were waiting for me at home. Why do this? , we phoned the elderly person we’d been appointed. She us right over.

??? The building was in a bad state. A silver-haired woman in an old dress received us. Nora ran inside. I followed. However, when we talked, I was moved by her struggle against the hard life and realized what our little help meant to her. When the time came to say goodbye, we three hugged. I walked home , touched.

Professionals call such a “a volunteer opportunity”. They are opportunities and I’ve come to see. else but as volunteers do you have the opportunity to do something that’s good for others as well as for yourself? Nora and I regularly serve meals to needy people and clothes for the homeless. Yet, as I’ve her grow over these past four years, I still wonder – which of us has benefited more?

1.A. did????????????? ????????????? ????????????? B. was????????????? ????????????? ????????????? C. has????????????? ??? ????????????? ????????????? D. had

2. A. pulled　　　 B. stared???? ????????????? C. pointed??? ????????????? ??? D. aimed

3.A. debate????????????? ????????????? B. reply????????????? ????????????? ????????????? C. explanation????????????? ??? ????????????? D. expression

4.A. light???????? B. funny????????????? ????????????? ????????????? C. heavy????????????? ????????????? ??? ????????????? D. magical

5.A. image?? 　　????????????? B. dream　　　????????????? C. memory??? ????????????? ??? D. world

6.A. coldness 　　B. kindness?? ????????????? C. suffering?????? ????????????? D. sharing

7.A. sent????????????? 　　????????????? B. applied??? ????????????? C. devoted?? 　　 ????????????? D. posted

8.A. concerned????????????? B. curious??? ????????????? C. satisfied????????????? ???? ????????????? D. excited

9.A. attractive??? ????????????? B. valuable　　????????????? C. creative????????????? ????????????? ????????????? D. lucky

10.A. encourage????????????? B. expect????????????? ??? 　　C. allow??? 　　　????????????? D. push

11.A. urge??????? B. effort????? ????????????? C. hurry????????? ????????????? D. must???

12.A. Therefore　　B. But????????????? 　　 ????????????? C. Anyhow?? 　　????????????? D. Instead

13.A. requested? ????????????? B. promised　　????????????? C. invited??? 　　 ????????????? D. thanked

14.A. happily? ????????????? B. cautiously? ????????????? C. eagerly??????? ????????????? D. unwillingly

15.A. in tears????????????? ??? B. in disappointment C. with tiredness??? D. with anxiety

16.A. stay????????????? ????????????? B. visit 　　　????????????? C. reception?? 　　????????????? D. challenge

17.A. How????????????? ????????????? B. Where????????????? ????????????? ????????????? C. When????????????? ????????????? ??? ????????????? D. What

18.A. reliable? ????????????? B. fair????????????? ????????????? ????????????? C. difficult ????????????? ????????????? ????????????? D. enjoyable

19.A. collect????????????? ????????????? B. order????????????? ????????????? ????????????? C. make????????????? ????????????? ????????????? ????????????? D. design

20.A. had??? ????????????? ????????????? B. felt????????????? ????????????? ????????????? C. watched??? 　　????????????? D. noticed