Children start out as natural scientists, eager to look into the world around them. Helping them enjoy science can be easy; there’s no need for a lot of scientific terms or expensive lab equipment. You only have to share your children's curiosity(好奇). Firstly, listen to their questions. I once visited a classroom of seven-year-olds to talk about science as a job. The children asked me “textbook questions” about schooling, salary（薪水） and whether I liked my job. When I finished answering, we sat facing one another in silence. Finally I said, “Now that we're finished with your lists, do you have questions of your own about science?”

　　After a long pause, a boy raised his hand, “Have you ever seen a grasshopper (蚱蜢) eat? When I try eating leaves like that, I get a stomachache. Why?”?

　　This began a set of questions that lasted nearly two hours. ?

　　Secondly, give them time to think. Studies over the past 30 years have shown that, after asking a question, adults typically wait only one second or less for an answer, no time for a child to think. When adults increase their “wait time” to three seconds or more, children give more logical(符合逻辑的), complete and creative answers.

　　Thirdly, watch your language. Once you have a child involved in a science discussion, don't jump in with “That’s right” or “Very good”. These words work well when it comes to encouraging good behavior(行为). But in talking about science, quick praise can signal that discussion is over. Instead, keep things going by saying, “That’s interesting” or “I’d never thought of it that way before”, or coming up with more questions or ideas.?

　　Never push a child to “Think”. It doesn’t make sense, children are always thinking, without your telling them to. What’s more, this can turn a conversation into a performance. The child will try to find the answer you want, in as few words as possible, so that he will be a smaller target (目标) for your disagreement.?

　　Lastly, show; don’t tell. Real-life impressions of nature are far more impressive than any lesson children can learn from a book or a television program. Let children look at their fingertips through a magnifying glass(放大镜), and they’ll understand why you want them to wash before dinner. Rather than saying that water evaporates (蒸发), set a pot of water to boil and let them watch the water level drop.

46. According to the passage, children are natural scientists, and to raise their interest, the most important thing for adults to do is              .??

　　 A. to let them see the world around

　　 B. to share the children's curiosity?

　　 C. to explain difficult phrases about science

　　 D. to supply the children with lab equipment?

47. In the last sentence of the first paragraph, the word “lists” could best be replaced by                       .

　　 A. any questions 　　　　　　　　　　B. any problems ?　

　　 C. questions from textbooks　　　　　　D. any number of questions?

48. According to the passage, children can answer questions in a more logical, complete and creative way if adults                      .?

　　 A. ask them to answer quickly.

　　 B. wait for one or two seconds after a question.?

　　 C. tell them to answer the next day.

　　 D. wait at least for three seconds after a question.?

49. In which of the following paragraph(s) does the author tell us what to say to encourage children in a science discussion? ?

　　 A. The second and third. 　　　　　　　B. The fourth and fifth.?

　　 C. The fifth and sixth. 　　　　　　　　D. The seventh.

50. The author mentions all of the following techniques for adults to share with their children's curiosity except that adults should                      .?

　　 A. tell their children stories instead of reciting(背诵) facts?

　　 B. offer their children chances to see things for themselves?

　　 C. be patient enough when their children answer questions?

　　 D. encourage their children to ask questions of their own?

In 1982, Steven Callahan was crossing the Atlantic alone in his sailboat when it struck something and sank．He got into a life boat, but his supplies were 　21 ．His chances of surviving were small． 22　 when three fishermen found him 76 days later, he was alive —much 　23 than he was when he started, but alive．

His 　24 of how he survived is fascinating．His cleverness —how he 　25 to catch fish, how he evaporated（蒸发） sea water to 　26 fresh water—is very interesting．

But the thing that　 27　 my eye was how he managed to keep himself going when all hope seemed lost, and there seemed no 　28 in continuing the struggle．He was starved and 29　 worn-out．Giving up would have seemed the only possible choice．

When people 　30　 these kinds of circumstances, they do something with their minds that gives them the courage to keep going．Many people in 　31　 desperate circumstances 32　 in or go mad．Something the survivors do with their thoughts helps them find the courage to carry on 　33　 difficulties．

"I tell myself I can 　34　 it," wrote Callahan in his book．-Compared to what others have been through, I'm fortunate．I tell myself these things over and over, 35　 up courage．．．"

I wrote that down after 1 read it．It 　36 me as something important．And I've told myself the same thing when my own goals seemed　 37 off or when my problems seemed too terrible．And every time I've said it, I have always come back to my 　38　 ．

The truth is, our circumstances are only bad　 39 to something better．But others have been through the much worse, that is, in comparison with what others have been through, you're fortunate．Tell this to yourself over and over again, and it will help you　 40　 through the rough situations with a little more courage．

21．A．full　　　　　　 B．rich　　　　 　　　 C．few　　　　　　 D．enough

22．A．And　　　　　 　 B．Yet　　　 　　　C．Still　　　　　　 D．Thus

23．A．thinner　　　　 B．stronger　　　　 　　　　　　　　　　　　 C．worse　　　　　 D．healthier

24．A．attitude　　　　 B．assumption　　　 C．instruction　　　 　　　　　　　　　　　　 D．account

25．A．assisted　　　　 　 B．tended　　　　　 C．managed　　　　 D．intended

26．A．make　　　　　 　 B．absorb　　　　　 C．select　　　　　 　　　　　　　　　　　　 D．replace

27．A．attacked　　　　 B．caught　　　　　 C．froze　　　　　 D．cheated

28．A．operation　　 　 B．taste　　　 　　　　 C．message　　　　 D．point

29．A．firmly　　　　　 B．completely　 　　　 C．hardly　　　　　 D．generally

30．A．deal　　　　　　 B．defend　　　　　 C．survive　　　　 D．observe

31．A．similarly　　　 　 B．differently　　　 C．gradually　　　　 D．commonly

32．A．pull　　　　　 　 B．take　　　　　　 C．break　　　　　 D．give

33．A．for the lack of　 　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　 B．in the face of　　 　　　　 C．in exchange for　 D．as a result of

34．A．handle　　　　 　 B．carry　　　　 　　 C．follow　　　　　 D．inspect

35．A．rolling　　　　 　 B．using　　 　　　　　 C．building　　　　 D．making

36．A．defeated　　　　 B．recommended　　 C．introduced　　　 D．struck

37．A．far　　　　　　　　　　　　 B．long　　　　　　　　　　　 C．ever　　　　　　　　　　　 D．even

38．A．feelings　　　　　　　　　 B．senses　　　　　　　　　 C．ideas　　　　　　　　　　 D．influences

39．A．related　　　　　　　　　 B．measured　　　　　　　 C．contributed　　　　　　 D．compared

40．A．see　　　　　　　　　　　　 B．cut　　　　　　　　　　　　 C．get　　　　　　　　　　　　 D．think

阅读下面短文，从短文后各题所给的四个选项（A、B、C和D）中，选出可以填入空白处的最佳选项。

　 In 1982, Steven Callahan was crossing the Atlantic alone in his sailboat when it struck something and sank. He got into a life boat, but his supplies were 　1 . His chances of surviving were small. 　2 when three fishermen found him 76 days later, he was alive—much 　3 than he was when he started, but alive.

His 　4 of how he survived is fascinating. His cleverness — how he 　5 to catch fish, how he evaporated（蒸发）sea water to 　6 fresh water — is very interesting.

But the thing that 　7 my eye was how he managed to keep himself going when all hope seemed lost, and there seemed no 　8 in continuing the struggle. He was starved and 　9 worn-out. Giving up would have seemed the only possible choice.

When people 　10 these kinds of circumstances (境遇), they do something with their minds that gives them the courage to keep going. Many people in 　11 desperate circumstances 　12 in or go mad. Something the survivors do with their thoughts helps them find the courage to carry on 13 difficulties.

“I tell myself I can 　14 it,” wrote Callahan in his book. “Compared to what others have been through, I’m fortunate. I tell myself these things over and over, 　15 up courage…”

I wrote that down after I read it. It 　16 me as something important. And I’ve told myself the same thing when my own goals seemed 　17 off or when my problems seemed too terrible. And every time I’ve said it, I have always come back to my 　18 .

The truth is, our circumstances are only bad compared to something better. But others have been through the much worse, that is, in comparison with 19 others have been through, you’re fortunate. Tell this to yourself over and over again, and it will help you 　20 the rough situations with a little more courage.

1. A. little　 　　　 B. rich　 　　　　 C. few　 　　　 D. enough

2. A. And　 　　　 B. Yet　 　　　　　C. Still　 　　　 D. Thus

3. A. thinner 　　　B. stronger 　　　 C. worse　 　　 D. healthier

4. A. attitude 　　 B. assumption 　　 C. instruction 　 D. account

5. A. assisted 　　 B. tended　 　　　　C. managed 　　D. intended

6. A. make　 　　　B. absorb　 　　　　C. select　 　　 D. replace

7. A. attacked 　　 B. attracted　 　　　C. caught　 　　　D. drew

8. A. need　 　　　B. taste　 　　　　　C. message 　　D. point

9. A. firmly　 　　　B. completely 　　 C. hardly　 　　 D. generally

10. A. deal　 　　　　B. defend　 　　　 C. survive 　　　D. observe

11. A. similarly 　　 B. differently 　　 C. gradually 　　D. commonly

12. A. pull 　　　　　B. take　 　　　　 C. break　 　　　 D. give

13. A. for the lack of 　B. in the face of 　　C. in exchange for D. as a result of

14. A. handle　 　　　B. carry　 　　　　C. follow　 　　　D. inspect

15. A. rolling　 　　　B. using　 　　　　C. building 　　　D. making

16. A. defeated 　　 B. recommended 　　C. introduced 　　D. struck

17. A. far　 　　　　 B. long　 　　　　 C. ever　 　　　　D. even

18. A. supplies 　　　B. senses　 　　　 C. ideas　 　　　　D. influences

19. A. how　 　　　　B. that 　　　　　 C. which 　　　　D. what

20. A. get round　 　　B. get over　 　　 C. get through 　　 D. get off

Children start out as natural scientists, eager to look into the world around them. Helping them enjoy science can be easy; there's no need for a lot of scientific terms or expensive lab equipment. You only have to share your children's curiosity(好奇). Firstly, listen to their questions. I once visited a classroom of seven-year-olds to talk about science as a job. The children asked me “textbook questions” about schooling, salary（薪水） and whether I liked my job. When I finished answering, we sat facing one another in silence. Finally I said, “Now that we're finished with your lists, do you have questions of your own about science?”?

After a long pause, a boy raised his hand, “Have you ever seen a grasshopper (蚱蜢) eat? When I try eating leaves like that, I get a stomachache. Why?”?

This began a set of questions that lasted nearly two hours. ?

Secondly, give them time to think. Studies over the past 30 years have shown that, after asking a question, adults typically wait only one second or less for an answer, no time for a child to think. When adults increase their “wait time” to three seconds or more, children give more logical(符合逻辑的), complete and creative answers.

Thirdly, watch your language. Once you have a child involved in a science discussion, don't jump in with “That's right” or “Very good”. These words work well when it comes to encouraging good behavior(行为). But in talking about science, quick praise can signal that discussion is over. Instead, keep things going by saying, “That's interesting” or “I'd never thought of it that way before”, or coming up with more questions or ideas. Never push a child to “Think”. It doesn't make sense, children are always thinking, without your telling them to. What's more, this can turn a conversation into a performance. The child will try to find the answer you want, in as few words as possible, so that he will be a smaller target (目标) for your disagreement.?

Lastly, show; don't tell. Real－life impressions of nature are far more impressive than any lesson children can learn from a book or a television program. Let children look at their fingertips through a magnifying glass(放大镜), and they'll understand why you want them to wash before dinner. Rather than saying that water evaporates (蒸发), set a pot of water to boil and let them watch the water level drop.

1. According to the passage, children are natural scientists, and to raise their interest, the most important thing for adults to do is 　　   .?

    A. to let them see the world around

    B. to share the children's curiosity?

    C. to explain difficult phrases about science

    D. to supply the children with lab equipment?

2. In the last sentence of the first paragraph, the word “lists” could best be replaced by 　　   .

    A. any questions　　　　　　　　　　　　 B. any problems  ?

    C. questions from textbooks　　　　　　  D. any number of questions?

3. According to the passage, children can answer questions in a more logical, complete and creative way if adults　　   .?

    A. ask them to answer quickly.

    B. wait for one or two seconds after a question.?

    C. tell them to answer the next day.

    D. wait at least for three seconds after a question.?

4. The author mentions all of the following techniques for adults to share with their children's curiosity EXCEPT THAT adults should 　　   .?

    A. tell their children stories instead of reciting(背诵) facts?

    B. offer their children chances to see things for themselves?

    C. be patient enough when their children answer questions?

    D. encourage their children to ask questions of their own?

After a long pause, a boy raised his hand, “Have you ever seen a grasshopper (蚱蜢) eat? When I try eating leaves like that, I get a stomachache. Why?”?

This began a set of questions that lasted nearly two hours. ?

Secondly, give them time to think. Studies over the past 30 years have shown that, after asking a question, adults typically wait only one second or less for an answer, no time for a child to think. When adults increase their “wait time” to three seconds or more, children give more logical(符合逻辑的), complete and creative answers.

Thirdly, watch your language. Once you have a child involved in a science discussion, don't jump in with “That's right” or “Very good”. These words work well when it comes to encouraging good behavior(行为). But in talking about science, quick praise can signal that discussion is over. Instead, keep things going by saying, “That's interesting” or “I'd never thought of it that way before”, or coming up with more questions or ideas. Never push a child to “Think”. It doesn't make sense, children are always thinking, without your telling them to. What's more, this can turn a conversation into a performance. The child will try to find the answer you want, in as few words as possible, so that he will be a smaller target (目标) for your disagreement.?

Lastly, show; don't tell. Real－life impressions of nature are far more impressive than any lesson children can learn from a book or a television program. Let children look at their fingertips through a magnifying glass(放大镜), and they'll understand why you want them to wash before dinner. Rather than saying that water evaporates (蒸发), set a pot of water to boil and let them watch the water level drop.

1. According to the passage, children are natural scientists, and to raise their interest, the most important thing for adults to do is 　　   .?

    A. to let them see the world around

    B. to share the children's curiosity?

    C. to explain difficult phrases about science

    D. to supply the children with lab equipment?

2. In the last sentence of the first paragraph, the word “lists” could best be replaced by 　　   .

    A. any questions　　　　　　　　　　　　 B. any problems  ?

    C. questions from textbooks　　　　　　  D. any number of questions?

3. According to the passage, children can answer questions in a more logical, complete and creative way if adults　　   .?

    A. ask them to answer quickly.

    B. wait for one or two seconds after a question.?

    C. tell them to answer the next day.

    D. wait at least for three seconds after a question.?

4. The author mentions all of the following techniques for adults to share with their children's curiosity EXCEPT THAT adults should 　　   .?

    A. tell their children stories instead of reciting(背诵) facts?

    B. offer their children chances to see things for themselves?

    C. be patient enough when their children answer questions?

    D. encourage their children to ask questions of their own?