By the end of next year this work ________.

A. will have been completed  B. will be completed

C. will have completed      D. has been completed

There is a common belief among parents that schools are no longer interested in spelling. No school I have taught in has ever considered spelling unimportant as a basic skill. There are, however, quite different ideas about how to teach it, or how much priority (优先) it must be given over general language development and writing ability. The problem is how to encourage a child to express himself freely in writing without holding him back with spelling.

     If spelling becomes the only point of his teacher's interest, clearly a bright child will be likely to "play safe". He will write only words within his spelling range. That's why teachers often encourage the early use of dictionaries and pay attention to content rather than technical ability.

     I was once shocked to read on the bottom of a sensitive piece of writing about a personal experience: "This work is terrible! There are far too many spelling mistakes." It may have been a sharp criticism of the pupils' technical abilities in writing, but it was also a sad thing for the teacher who had omitted (略过)to read the composition, which contained some beautiful expressions of the child's deep feelings. The teacher was not wrong to draw attention to the mistakes, but if his priority had centered on the child's ideas, an expression of his disappointment with the presentation would have given the pupil more hope to seek improvement.

1.Teachers differ in their opinions about   _______ .

A. the difficulties in teaching spelling

B. the necessity of teaching spelling

C. the importance of the basic writing skills

D. the role of spelling in general language development

2.The expression "play safe" probably means ______.

A. to write carefully

B. to avoid using words one is not sure of

C. to use dictionaries frequently

D. to do as teachers say

3.Teachers encourage the use of dictionaries so that______.

A. students will be able to express their ideas more freely.

B. teachers will have less trouble in correcting mistakes.

C. students will have more trust in writing.

D. students will learn to spell words correctly.

4.The main idea of the passage is _______.

A. the importance of developing writing skills

B. the importance of spelling

C. the correct way of marking composition

D. the relationship between spelling and the content of a composition

Babies understand what their mothers say, even when they speak a language their children have never heard before, scientists claim.

The researchers found that one-year-olds reacted in exactly same way to their mothers’ voices regardless of whether they were speaking English or Greek, showing what mothers have long known – that babies pick up on tone of voice rather than the words themselves.

The researchers, from Cardiff University’s School of Psychology, observed babies as they watched their mothers perform actions with toys using the English words “whoops” and “there”. The scientists studied reactions from one-year-old babies to their mums’ voices even when they were speaking both English and Greek, and keeping the same tone of voice. The academics found that babies reproduced the same reactions regardless of whether they knew the language.  

Study leader Dr Merideth Gattis of Cardiff University’s School of Psychology says, “What this work showed was that children could have access to understanding simply through tone of voice. We did ‘whoops’ and ‘there’ in two languages and got exactly the same results.” The research, published in the journal Cognitive Development, was conducted on 84 babies aged between 14 and 18 months, over the course of a year, with none of the babies having any previous exposure to Greek.

Dr Gattis says that children respond to tone clues in their parents’ voices from an early age.

She says, “Tone of voice is a really useful signal of what someone is thinking. We never have direct access to other people’s minds, except the signals in language that they give out.” She says the study shows that it is less important what parents say than how they say it.

Dr Gattis adds, “A child may ask if you like his / her drawing, for example. You might say yes, but if you don’t sound enthusiastic, the meaning may not get across.” Before children begin to speak, parents should use exaggerated tone when speaking to them.

1.According to the text, what have mothers long-known?

A．Babies have a better understanding of English.

B．Babies pick up on tone of voice.

C．Babies like their mothers’ performances.

D．Babies like drawing from an early age.

2.Which of the following is TRUE, according to the study?

A．Tone of voice is the most useful sign of what someone is thinking.

B．After children begin to speak, tone becomes unimportant.

C．The babies acted the same way regardless of the language.

D．The research was conducted on 48 babies.

3.According to the text, Dr. Gattis believes that _________.

A．we have no access to other people’s minds

B．babies can’t understand what “yes” means

C．parents should always sound enthusiastic

D．how a parent speaks is more important than what he or she says

4.What’s the text mainly about?

A．The content of the journal Cognitive Development.

B．The famous works of Dr. Gattis.

C．Babies understanding their mothers through tone.

D．Babies having the potential to learn language well.

5.The text can be classified as _________.

A．a report          B．an advertisement    C．a handbook        D．a guide

In this fast-shifting world,there can be no guarantees attached to any particular job.But there is much that you can do to protect yourself from the change of society,by equipping yourself with the skills to manage your career more effectively.You need to be a career activist.?

    If you lose your main source of income tomorrow,could you find a different source to replace it?The most important thing in

protecting yourself now and in the future is ensuring that you have choices.Don’t let yourself be held back by a lack of skill development,or fear of change.Some people have been good performers in their own organizations but discovered that they are stuck.Because they are so closely related to a particular company or industry,their skills are not readily transferred to other jobs.?

Don’t put all your eggs in one basket.If you limit yourself to one particular area or sector, you limit your opportunity,too.In a global market place,many jobs come and go quickly with changes in the stock market.Today’s hottest job may not exist tomorrow.If you love computers, then this work represents a great choice.But don’t enter a field just because you think that’s where the hot jobs are;even if the job is available,it may not match well with your own skills and abilities.Start with an entry of your own strengths and interests,and then see where you may match up best in the job market.?

How can we ensure that we have choices if we lose the main source of income??

    A. Be a good performer in our own  organizations.?

    B.Try to develop our skills and be a career activist.?

    C.Enter a field where the hot jobs are.?

    D.Transfer to other jobs that use computers.

Some people are afraid of change because

    A.they have got a hot job?

    B.they have no other better choices?

    C.they have got used to a certain job?

    D.they have no other skills and interests?

    “Put all your eggs in one basket” here means

   A.sticking to only one particular job?

    B.trying your best to do something well?

    C.many jobs come and go quickly?

    D.entering a field where the hot jobs are?

What is the best job for you to choose  according to the writer?

A. Something that is both hot and interesting.?

B.Something that brings you a good source of income.?

    C.Something that will always exist in the future.?

    D.Something involving your strengths and interests. ?

There is a popular belief among parents that schools are no longer interested in spelling. No school I have ever taught in has ever ignored spelling or considered it unimportant as a basic skill. There are, however, different ideas about how to teach it, or how much priority (优先) it must be given over general language development and writing ability. The problem is how to encourage a child to express himself freely and confidently in writing without holding him back with the complexities (复杂性) of spelling.
If spelling becomes the only focal (焦点的) point of his teacher’s interest, clearly a bright child will be likely to “play safe”. He will tend to write only words within his spelling range, choosing to avoid adventurous language. That’s why teachers often encourage the early use of dictionaries and pay attention to content rather than technical ability.
I was once shocked to read on the bottom of a sensitive piece of writing about a personal experience: “This work is terrible! There are far too many spelling errors and your writing is terrible.” It may have been a sharp criticism of the pupil’s technical abilities in writing, but it was also a sad reflection on the teacher who had omitted to read the essay, which contained some beautiful expressions of the child’s deep feelings. The teacher was not wrong to draw attention to the errors, but if his priorities had centered on the child’s ideas, an expression of his disappointment with the presentation would have given the pupil more motivation (动机) to seek improvement.
【小题1】Teachers are different in their opinions about _________.