Animals can move from place to place, but plants cannot. When an animal is under attack, it can run away or fight back. Plants certainly cannot run away, and they lack teeth and claws. But plants can defend (保护) themselves by using both physical and chemical means.
　　Some plants have their own ways to keep animals away. For example, the leaves of the holly plant have sharp spines (刺) that discourage grass-eating animals. Holly leaves on lower branches have more spines than leaves on upper branches. This is because the lower leaves are easier for most animals to reach.
　　Some plants, such as the oak tree, have thick and hard leaves that are difficult for animals to eat. Some grasses may contain a sandy material; eating such grasses wears down the animal's teeth.
　　Many plants also have chemical defenses. Some plants produce chemicals that taste bitter or cause an unpleasant reaction. Some plants may fight against an attack by increasing the production of these chemicals. When a caterpillar (毛虫) bites a tobacco leaf, the leaf produces a chemical messenger. This messenger sends to the roots the information to produce more nicotine. The higher levels of nicotine discourage the caterpillar.
Many plants depend on both physical and chemical defenses. A certain plant in China, for instance, has prickly (多刺的) leaves, and each prickle contains poisonous venom (毒液) A single experience with this kind of plant will teach an animal to stay away from it in the future. 
【小题1】To defend themselves, oak trees use________.

Michel is a young girl who works for the police ____ a handwriting expert. She has helped ____ many criminals (罪犯) by using her special talents.

　　When she was fourteen, Michel was already  ____ interested in the differences in her friends'  ____ that she would spend hours  ____ them. After  ____ college she went to France for a  ____ two-year class in handwriting at the School of Police Science.

　　Michel says that it is  ____ for people to hide their handwriting. She can discover  ____ of what she needs to know simply  ____ looking at the writing with her own eyes,  ____ she also has machines  ____ help her make  ____ different kinds of paper and ink. This knowledge is often  ____ great help to the police.

        Michel believes that handwriting is a good  ____ of what kind of person the  ____ is. "I wouldn't go out with a fellow  ____ I didn't like his handwriting." She says. But she  ____ she fell in love with her future husband, a young policeman  ____ she studied his handwriting. It is later proved to be  ____, however.

1.A. with           B. by                            C. like                           D. as

2.A. search                 B. follow            C. catch                      D. judge

3.A. so                         B. too                          C. quite                       D. extra

4.A. books                   B. letter                       C. tongues                  D. handwriting

5.A. writing                 B. studying                  C. settling                   D. uncovering

6.A. attending   B. finishing                 C. starting                   D. stepping into

7.A. powerful    B. natural                    C. special                     D. common

8.A. main           B. safe                         C. easy                        D. impossible

9.A. most           B. nothing          C. little                        D. sight

10.A. with          B. by                            C. of                    D. about

11.A. so                       B. for                            C. thus                        D. but

12.A. they                   B. in which                  C. that                         D. those

13.A. up            B. out                           C. for                           D. into

14.A. of                       B. to                             C. with                        D. for

15.A. test           B. sign                          C. means           D. habit

16.A. thief                   B. criminal                   C. writer            D. policeman

17.A. whether            B. unless                      C. if                    D. after

18.A. adds                  B. tells                          C. repeats                  D. cries

19.A. before              B. after                        C. shyly                       D. and

20.A. necessary         B. all right          C. important              D. quite easy

第二节：完型填空(共20小题，每小题1.5分，满分30分)
Recently I was invited to a friend’s house for supper—and had a meal I have never had before.
All the friends invited were a little 　36　. It’s not that Ben is unsociable, or a bad cook, but it’s just that he never　37　more than he has to. So how come he was inviting us round for a meal? Had he bought something　38　 for his friends? He greeted us at the door and showed us into his dining room where a　39　table was waiting for us. “Nothing but the　40　 for my friends! ” said Ben. We all sat down and looked　41　at each other—what was he 　42　?
Ben returned with four bowls of hot soup. “It’s a　43　of carrots, potatoes and tomatoes, ”said Ben. The next　44　was also a little strange　45　we didn’t quite know what it was again. “It’s just another mixture of vegetables. ”
As we ate we chatted and finally the　46　turned back to what we were eating. “Was there a recipe(菜谱) for this, ”asked Marina, “or did you　47　it up? ”Ben put his fork down. “What I cooked　48　what I could find. ”Marina was surprised. “But you can find anything in supermarkets these days. ”“But there’s　49　choice in what you can find　50　supermarkets, ” he replied.
　51　that we had all finished the food, Ben decided to tell the truth. He had read recently that supermarkets usually　52　away 5 percent of their food every day. So Ben decided to look inside his local supermarket bins. There he found food that was slightly out of　53　, boxes of thrown-away vegetables and fruit.
So Ben had　54　 provided a decent meal for his friends, and made us aware of the fact that there are many poor people who need the food, but the amount of food thrown away is enough to 　55　millions of people.
36.A. excited      B. disappointed  C. surprised   D. delighted
37.A. takes        B. spends       C. uses       D. does
38.A. cheap        B. special       C. practical    D. usual
39.A. new         B. separate      C. booked     D. laid
40.A. freshest      B. most         C. best        D. least
41.A. nervously     B. carefully      C. sadly      D. happily
42.A. in for         B. up to         C. away from   D. out of
43.A. mixture       B. liquid         C. matter      D. dish
44.A. course      B. food            C. soup       D. salad
45.A. in that      B. on condition that  C. in case that   D. so that
46.A. dinner      B. idea            C. food        D. subject
47.A. pick        B. look            C. make       D. take
48.A. referred     B. depended on     C. lay in       D. resulted from
49.A. less         B. more           C. some       D. any
50.A. within       B. beyond         C. inside      D. outside
51.A. Feeling      B. Seeing          C. Realizing   D. Thinking
52.A. store        B. move           C. throw      D. hide
53.A. order        B. place           C. season     D. date
54.A. successfully   B. possibly        C. hardly     D. hopefully
55.A. enrich        B. please          C. affect     D. Feed

Most of us spend our lives seeking the natural world. To this end, we walk the dog, play golf, go fishing, sit in the garden, drink outside rather than inside the pub, have a picnic, live in the suburbs, go to the seaside, buy a weekend place in the country. The most popular free time activity in Britain is going for a walk. And when joggers (慢跑者) jog, they don’t run the streets. Every one of them automatically heads to the park or the river. It is my firm belief that not only do we all need nature, but we all seek nature, whether we know we are doing so or not.
But despite this, our children are growing up nature-deprived (丧失). I spent my boyhood climbing trees. These days, children are robbed of these ancient freedoms, due to problems like crime, traffic, the loss of the open spaces and strange new ideas about what is best for children, that is to say, things that can be bought, rather than things that can be found.
The truth is to be found elsewhere. A study in the US: families had moved to better housing and the children were assessed for ADHD (多动症). Those whose housing had more natural views showed an improvement of 19%; those who had the same improvement in material surroundings but no nice view improved just 4%.
A study in Sweden indicated that kindergarten children who could play in a natural environment had less illness and greater physical ability than children used only to a normal playground. A US study suggested that when a school gave children access to a natural environment, the entire school would do better in studies.
Another study found that children play differently in a natural environment. In playgrounds, children create a hierarchy (等级) based on physical abilities, with the tough ones taking the lead. But when a grassy area was planted with bushes, the children got much more into fantasy play, and the social hierarchy was now based on imagination and creativity.
Most bullying (恃强凌弱) is found in schools where there is a tarmac (柏油碎石) playground; the least bullying is in a natural area that the children are encouraged to explore. This reminds me unpleasantly of Sunnyhill School, with its hard tarmac, where I used to hang about in corners dreaming about wildlife.
But children are frequently discouraged from involvement with natural spaces, for health and safety reasons, for fear that they might get dirty or that they might cause damage. So, instead, the damage is done to the children themselves: not to their bodies but to their souls.
One of the great problems of modern childhood is ADHD, now increasingly and expensively treated with drugs. Yet one study after another indicates that contact with nature gives huge benefits to ADHD children. However, we spend money on drugs rather than on green places.
The life of old people is much better when they have access to nature. The most important for the growing population of old people is in quality rather than quantity of years. And study after study finds that a garden is the single most important thing in finding that quality.
In wider and more difficult areas of life, there is evidence to indicate that natural surroundings improve all kinds of things. Even problems with crime and aggressive behaviour are reduced when there is contact with the natural world.
Dr William Bird, researcher from the Royal Society for the Protection of Birds, states in his study, “A natural environment can reduce violent behaviour because its process helps reduce anger and behavior that people might regret later.” Wild places need encouraging for this reason, no matter how small their contribution.
We tend to think human beings are doing nature some kind of favor when we are protecting nature. The error here is far too deep: not only do humans need nature for themselves, but the very idea that humanity and the natural world are separable things is damaging.
Human beings are a species of animals. For seven million years we lived on the planet as part of nature. So we miss the natural world and long for contact with non-human life. Anyone who has patted a dog, stroked a cat, sat under a tree with a glass of beer, given or received a bunch of flowers or chosen to walk through the park on a nice day, understands that.
We need the wild world. It is necessary to our well-being, our health, our happiness. Without other living things around us we are less than human.
【小题1】What is the author’s firm belief?

A．Find more effective drugs for them.

B．Provide more green spaces for them.

C．Place them under more personal care.

D．Engage them in more meaningful activities

A．They look on life optimistically.	B．They enjoy a life of better quality.
C．They are able to live longer.	D．They become good-humored

Students must apply for a place before attending any class. Applications(申请), either by post or in person, are dealt with strictly in the order they are received at the Adult Education Office.
　　You can apply:
　　BY POST-Use the card provided with the exact fee. You'll be accepted on the course unless it is full, in which case we will inform you. An acknowledgement(承认) will not be made nor a receipt(收据) sent unless you provide a stamped addressed envelope. Receipts will normally be given out at the first class.
　　IN PERSON-Call at the Adult Education Office (ground floor, Block C) between approximately 9:00 a.m. and 3:00 p.m. (2:30 p.m. on Fridays), or at the College Reception Desk (at the main entrance) at the other times (in the evenings until about 7:30 p.m. on Fridays).
　　Students should note that popular classes may be full well before the course is to start, so that early application is strongly advised to avoid disappointment.
　　For the AUTUMN TERM, applications will be accepted by post (preferably) or in person from 1st August.
　　For the SPRING TERM, applications will be accepted from 1st December.
　　For the SUMMER TERM, applications will be accepted from 1st April.
68．Students who apply to the college by post will ________ .
　　A．avoid disappointment
　　B．be sent a bill
　　C．have an advantage over people applying in person
　　D．be informed if they haven't got a place
69．Students applying by post must ________ .
　　A．hand in a stamped addressed envelope in person
　　B．pay at the first class
　　C．bring the receipt to the first class
　　D．send payment with their application
70．Where can students apply in person?
　　A．At the College Reception Desk at 3:30 p.m.
　　B．At the Adult Education Office after about 3:30 p.m.
　　C．At the Adult Education Office at 9:30 a.m.
　　D．At the College Reception Desk at 2:20 p.m. on Fridays.
71．If students want to apply for the AUTUMN TERM, ________ .
　　A．they should check whether the course is full
　　B．they can apply by post or in person
　　C．applications must be received by August 1st
　　D．they must apply in person before August 1