Most of the time, we choose colors for decorating based on our personal taste and our sense of aesthetics (审美学). But, a number of color experts believe that colors have an effect on our emotions and that it would be wise of us to be conscious of that before settling on a definite choice.

Some of the effects of colors are well known and accepted by most people. In fact, those effects have been the subject of serious research and experiments and have been scientifically proven. But not all scientists agree on the validity (正确性) of the results.

When we become interested in the psychological effects of colors, it is important to know that not all societies share our opinion of those effects on our emotions. What we hold as an "objective" observation on a color is often nothing more than a reflection of our cultural belongingness, which has attributed properties to that color for generations.

Why is it not possible for us to hold a really objective discourse(论述)on the subject? In part, because it is very difficult to separate the psychological from the symbolic, the symbolic aspects are definitely cultural. Often, and this without our realizing it, they influence our understanding of colors and the following emotions - both psychological aspects. Black and white are good examples. In western countries, black is considered serious, dramatic and sometimes sad. People are warned against its potentially depressing effects on decoration. Black is the traditional color of mourning. White, on the other hand, is associated with purity, peace and optimism. For those reasons, white is the traditional color of bridal dresses. No one would think of attending a funeral in white. Any more than it would occur to a bride to wear black. We simply remain convinced that it is not in the "nature" of those colors. Yet, in certain oriental countries, it is white, not black that is the color of mourning.

That having been said, there is some “overlapping” in the properties different cultures attribute to certain colors. For example, Feng Shui, the traditional Chinese philosophy that distinguishes between good and evil influences explains colors much in the same way as the majority of western color specialists. Is that to say that colors have real natural properties which all humans perceive(感知) in the same way or is the phenomenon an example of the cross-influences that affect the thinking of cultures brought closer to one another by a certain Venetian(威尼斯人) called Marco Polo? It is difficult to say.

But, be that as it may, colors do affect us. And if you feel emotions for a certain color, note them and remember them. You may even wish to consider them next time you are planning to decorate. The decision is yours!

1. Most of the time, we ignore ______ when choosing colors for decoration.

A．personal taste                          B．our aesthetics

C．cultural effects                         D．psychological effects

2.Why is it not possible for us to hold a really objective discourse on the subject?

A．Because it is often nothing more than a reflection of our cultural belongingness.

B．Because the colors have the properties for generations.

C．Because it is difficult to separate the psychological from the cultural.

D．Because the symbolic aspects influence our perception of colors.

3. The italicized word “overlapping” is paragraph 6 is closest in meaning to______

A．difference         B．conflict           C．sameness         D．agreement

4. In western countries, white is ______.

A．preferred by bridals                     B．used in a funerals sometimes

C．depressing in decoration                  D．pure in its nature

5. According to the author, which of the following statements is certain?

A．Different cultures can have the same properties of colors.

B．If you feel emotions for a color, note them and remember them.

C．All humans perceive colors’ natural properties in the same way.

D．Marco Polo disclosed the psychological effects of colors.

Less than twenty percent of the employees in their company? are women.That is to say，women are in the____.

A.majority???? B.activity? C.probability?? D.minority

III. 完形填空 (共20小题；每小题1分，满分20分)

One student took a box of chicken to class，another carried on a cell phone   36   and still another whistled loudly every time the    37   turned his back.

       Reform school? No. College.

       More and more, professors say, they are coming across   38    students in their classrooms. Many of today’s young scholars (学者) arrive late, leave  39  , talk loud or take care of personal   40   such as paying bills during class.

Why are the students behaving badly?

“Because they can,” said a student of University of North Texas. “A lot of the time, the professors let them get   41   with it.”

    Some educators say it is time to bring politeness back to their classrooms—and even   42  taking some of the blame for bad behavior. They say that rude students are by no means the majority but that one of them can ruin an entire   43  .

People are   44   when they learn that impolite behavior is becoming more and more common in   45   education, says Dr Gerald Amanda, a counselor at City College of San Francisco. They   46   some high school students to misbehave but think those who get to   47   will behave more politely.

Dr Amanda believes that society in   48   has become more tolerant (容忍的) of rude behavior and   49  people in power, including professors, no longer   50   standards for   51  . That leads to a growing imprudence (轻率行为)   52   some college students. “There’s a great   53   of bad behavior in the world around them, and young people see it and   54   disrespect,” said Dr Amanda,   55   that sometimes students “have no idea that they are being rude.”

36．A. line                          B. conversation                C. message                         D.picture

37．A. professor                      B. student                        C. president              D. classmate

38．A. hardworking                 B. cheating                        C. rude                        D. selfish

39．A. late                        B. early                              C. noisily                     D. quietly

40．A. feeling                            B. interest                        C. computer              D. business

41．A. away                             B. down                              C. along                      D. back

42．A. enjoy                             B. hate                              C. start                       D. avoid

43．A. school                           B. company                       C. society                            D. class

44．A. delighted                       B. surprised                       C.interested                 D.encouraged

45．A. better                            B. more                             C. higher                            D. younger

46．A. expect                            B. hope                            C. forbid                             D. wish

47．A. work                      B. college                           C. 1earning                         D. knowledge

48．A. all                           B. time                             C. charge                             D. general

49．A. why                         B. how                              C. whether                        D. that

50．A. change                           B. break                              C. set                          D. reach

51．A. teaching                        B. politeness                  C. thinking                    D. progress

52．A. about                             B. for                                C. behind                             D. among

53．A. deal                       B. number                        C. many                      D. sum

54．A. prepare                         B. grow                               C. develop                  D. improve

55．A. speaking                        B. adding                          C. warning                 D. wishing

Uganda is a country in East Africa and,as in many such countries,a high percentage of the population,about 80 percent,are village-dwellers living in huts,which are often no bigger than a garage. The walls of the huts are made of mud,which is held together by reeds and sticks,and the roofs of the older ones are thatched（覆盖）with grass,although an increasing number of newer village houses have roofs made from corrugated（波纹形的）iron.

Several generations of the same family live together in the huts,which are usually divided into two sections by a curtain. The inner section,the one furthest from the open door of the hut,is where everyone sleeps and food is prepared and served in the outer part. If the family owns chickens or goats,they are kept in a small room attached to the main house.

Food is usually prepared on open fires although some people prefer to cook inside. However,this is quite dangerous and also means that the walls of the hut are stained by smoke and the atmosphere is acrid. The family sit in a circle on mats while they eat.

Newer village houses are almost always made of corrugated iron and are bigger,with one or two separate bedrooms and the kitchen in a smaller building beside the main house. But,old or new,the houses are not powered by electricity,and all homes are lit by paraffin（石蜡）candles called “tadobba”.

Nor is there any running water in the houses. Some villages have their own well,but in many cases,collecting water involves a long and arduous walk to a river or spring,carrying plastic containers or pots made of clay.

Children are the ones who have to fetch water,and they have to do this early in the morning before they go to school,or in the evening when they come home. They often have to climb high hills or walk through valleys with narrow paths through dense vegetation. It is no surprise that they grow up muscular and fit after such daily exercise,walking for several kilometres carrying such heavy weights.

1.Most Ugandans live        .

A．with their whole family in large mud houses in the countryside

B．in towns in small houses made of mud and iron

C．in villages in small houses made of wet earth,grass and wood

D．With their parents and children as well as their chickens and goats

2.Where is food usually prepared?

A．In the kitchen.

B．On the floor in the middle of the house.

C．On fires in front of the hut.

D．In a small room attached to the main house.

3.How are the old and new houses the same?

A．Both of them have roofs made of corrugated iron.

B．Neither of them have a garage or kitchen.

C．Neither of them have electricity,lights or running water.

D．Both of them have water inside but no electric light.

4.The majority of Ugandan children have to          .

A．go to a well or a river and often carry it for a long distance

B．do a lot of work cooking and carrying water

C．collect water on the way home from school

D．get water out of their own well

根据短文内容，从短文后的选项中选出能填入空白处的最佳选项。选项中有两项为多于选项。

When a starving man gets a meal, he begins to think about an overcoat; when an executive gets a new sports car, visions of country clubs and pleasure beats dance into view.

The many wants of mankind might be regarded as making up several levels.     .

The first and most basic level of wants involves food. Once this want is satisfied, a second level of wants appears: clothing and some sort of shelter. By the end of World War II these wants were satisfied for a great majority of Americans. It included such items as automobiles and new houses.

By 1957 or 1958 this third level of wants was fairly well satisfied. Then, in the late 1950s a fourth level of wants appeared: the “life-enriching” level. While the other levels involve physical satisfaction－the feeding, comfort, safety, and transportation of the human body－this level stresses mental needs for recognition, achievement and happiness. It includes a variety of goods and services, many of which could be called “luxury” items. Among them are vacation trips, the best medical care, and entertainment.    

One this level, a greater percentage of consumer spending goes to services, while on the first three levels more is spent on goods. Will consumers raise their sights to a fifth level of wants as their income increases, or will they continue to demand luxuries and personal services on the fourth level?

A fifth level probably would involve wants that can be achieved best by community action. Consumers may be spending more on taxes to pay for government action against disease, ignorance, crime and prejudice.   In this way, we can enjoy more fully the good things on the first four levels.

A. Then a third level appeared.

B. Human wants seem endless.

C. When there is money enough to satisfy one level of wants, another level appears.

D. There are several levels of wants in one’s life.

E. At this stage, we now may seek to ensure the health, safety, and leisure.

F. Also included here are fancy foods and the latest styles in clothing.

G. Different people have different wants on each level.