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If there is no difference in general intelligence (智力) between boys and girls, what can explain girls poor performance in science and mathematics?
It seems to be that their treatment at school is a direct muse. Mathematics and science are seen as subjects mainly for boys, and therefore, as girls become teenagers, they are less likely to take them. Interestingly, both boys and girls often regard the subjects for boys as more difficult. Yet it has been suggested that girls do not take mathematics courses, not because they are difficult, but for social reasons. Girls do not want to be in open competition with boys because they are afraid to appear less feminine (女性的) and attractive.
However, if we examine the performance of boys and girls who have taken mathematics courses, there are still more high-achieving boys than there are girls. This difference appears to be world-wide. Biological explanations have been offered for this, but there are other explanations too.
Perhaps the difference which comes out during the teenage years has its roots in much earlier experiences. From their first days in kindergarten, boys are encouraged to work on their own and to complete tasks. Facts show that outstanding mathematicians and scientists have not had teachers who supplied answers.
Besides, there can be little doubt that teachers of mathematics and science expect their boy students to do better at these subjects than their gift students. They even appear to encourage the difference between boys and girls. They spend more time with the boy students, giving them more time to answer questions and working harder to get correct answers from them. They are more likely to call on boys for answers and to allow them to take the lead in classroom discussion. They also praise boys more frequently. All of this seems to encourage boys to work harder in science and mathematics and to give them confidence that they are able to succeed.
Such a way of teaching is not likely to encourage girls to take many mathematics and science courses, nor is it likely to support girls who do. When it comes to these subjects, it seems certain that school widens difference between boys and girls.
(1)Girls are likely to think that ________.
[ ]
A. science courses are for both boys and girls
B. science courses make them more popular
C. science courses make them successful
D. science courses are difficult for them
(2)The text mainly discusses ________ reasons for the difference between boys and girls in scientific achieve-merits.
[ ]
A. biological
B. historical
C. social
D. personal
(3)What are boys usually encouraged to do at school?
[ ]
A. To get help with their homework.
B. To play the leading role in Class.
C. To work with girl students in class
D. To learn to take care of others.
(4)What does the passage say about great mathematicians?
[ ]
A. Their teachers did not supply answers to them.
B. They started learning mathematics at an earlier age.
C. They showed mathematical abilities in their teenage years.
D. Their success resulted from their strong interest in mathematics.
(5)The author would probably agree that ________.
[ ]
A. boys and girls learn in the same way
B. boys and girls are equal in general intelligence
C. girls are more confident in themselves than before
D. girls should take fewer science courses than boys
查看习题详情和答案>>“Most experiences of absent-mindedness ,forgetting where you left something or wondering why you just entered a room , are caused by a simple lack of attention, ” says Schacter. “You’re supposed to remember something, but you haven’t encoded（编码） it deeply.”
Encoding, Schacter explains, is a special way of paying attention to an event that has a major impression on recalling it later. Failure to encode properly can create troublesome situations. If you put your mobile phone in a pocket, for example, and don’t pay attention to what you did because you’re involved in a conversation, you’ll probably forget that the phone is in the jacket now hanging in your cupboard. “Your memory itself isn’t failing you, ” says Schacter, “Rather, you didn’t give your memory system the information it needed.” http://wx.jtyjy.com/
Lack of interest can also lead to absent -mindedness. “A man who can recite sports statistics from 30 years ago, ” says Zelinski, “ may not remember to drop a letter in the mailbox.”Women have slightly better memories than men, possibly because they pay more attention to their environment, and memory depends on just that.
“Visual cues（ 视觉提示 ）can help prevent absent--mindedness, ”says Schacter, “But be sure the cue is clear and available. ”If you want to remember to take a medicine with lunch, put the pill bottle on the kitchen table—don’t leave it in the medicine box and write yourself a note that you keep in a pocket.
Another common experience of absent - mindedness: walking into a room and wondering why you’re there. Most likely, you were thinking about something else. “Everyone does this from time to time, ”says Zelinski. “The best thing to do is to return to where you were before entering the room, and you’ll likely remember.”
1.The writer of the passage thinks that encoding properly is very important because ________.
A. it enables us to recall something from our memory
B. it slows down the process of losing our memory
C. it helps us understand our memory system better
D. it helps us to get back to where we were
2.One possible reason why women have a little better memories than men is that________.
A. they rely more on the environment
B. they have a wider range of interests
C. they have an unusual power of focusing their attention
D. they are more interested in what’s happening around them
3.Why can a note in the pocket hardly serve as a reminder? ________.
A. It will easily get lost
B. It is out of your sight
C. It’s not clear enough for you to read
D. It might get mixed up with other things
4.From the last paragraph we can learn that________.
A. repetition might help improve our memory
B. memory depends to a certain extent on the environment
C. we’d better return to where we were if we forget things
D. we should think about something else while doing one thing
5.The passage is mainly about ________.
A. the memory system of persons
B. a way of encoding and recalling
C. the causes of absent-mindedness
D. the impression of the environment on memory
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阅读下面短文，从每题所给的四个选项中选出最佳答案.
Fred Michel is one of 7.2 million Americans who moonlight, or hold more than one job.
Once a week, after his day job as medical director of a mental health center ,the 40-year-old psychiatrist（精神病大夫）heads to a part-time job at a treatment center for young people. Twice a month, he travels three hour to another teenage treatment center.
Last year, 5.4 percent of the American workforce held second jobs, according to the US Labor Department, and that looks set to increase this year.
Many workers like the safety that moonlighting provides, says Carl Hausamn, the writer of “Moonlighting: 148 Great Ways to Make Money to the Side.”
The information from the US Labor Department shows that 40 percent of US moonlighters in 1997 took a second job to meet household expenses or pay off debts. Others save money or buy some special things.
People also take second jobs with an eye to the future, wanting to try out a new field or gain experience.
Michel started moonlighting when medical systems were unstable（不稳定的）. He wanted to make sure he wasn't tied to one system that ended up failing.
Just as the purposes for moonlighting vary, the moonlighters cross all age and racial groups. And they work in a variety of industries--no longer just service, office and sale jobs.
“Technology just affects your ability to make money.” Hausman says. “That makes a frequent change in moonlighting.”
As its name means, moonlighting still occurs mostly at night. And that results in some pressures. Chief among them is time.
Full-time employers could misunderstand, too. Some companies do not allow after-hour work because they fear it will affect their employees' 9-to-5 performance.
The primary employer is saying, “Wait, I'm paying you for the sharp, fresh, energetic you,” says Tom Gimbel, president and founder of LaSalle Staffing in Chicago. “If you're burning yourself at both ends, it's going to show.”
Still, the good done to the moonlighters can be great. Besides extra income, moonlighters enjoy variety, freedom and chance to do something new. They also may find their part-time jobs strengthen what they do full time.
“Besides, it's fun,” Michel says. Not only do his part-time jobs offer a chance to network, stretch his professional skills and make more money, but they also give him the variety he wouldn't find just in a full-time job.
“It a way of pulling from the spice cabinet,” he says, “and offering a little variety throughout the day.”
（1）What is the article mainly about?
[ ]
A. The ways of moonlighting.
B. The reasons for moonlighting.
C. The problems with moonlighting.
D. The kinds of people who moonlight.
（2）The reason why Fred Michel began to moonlight is that ________.
[ ]
A. he found it exciting to do a part-time job
B. he needed to make ends meet with more money
C. he feared he would lose his present job one day
D. he felt more and more pressure from his employer
（3）Some companies don't allow their workers to moonlight because they are afraid ________.
[ ]
A. their workers can not do extra-hour work for them
B. their workers will be too tired to try their best at work
C. their workers will one day turn to some other different jobs
D. their workers will not get to work and be off work on time
（4）The underlined sentence “It's a way of pulling from the spice cabinet” in the last paragraph means ________.
[ ]
A. moonlighting gets you away from the job you don't enjoy
B. moonlighting offers you freedom to make extra money
C. moonlighting strengthens your professional skills
D. moonlighting brings you chances to do something different
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