EI've been writing for most of my life. The book Writing Without Teachers introduced me to one difference and one practice that have greatly helped my writing processes. The difference is between the creative mind and the critical mind. While you need to use both of the creative mind and the critical (批判) mind to reach a finished result，they cannot work in parallel (平行，并行) no matter how much we might like to think so.

　Trying to criticize writing on the fly is possibly the single greatest trouble with writing that most of us meet. If you are listening to a 5th grade English teacher correcting your grammar while you are trying to capture a fleeting（稍纵即逝的）thought, the thought will die. If you catch the fleeting thought and simply share it with the world in raw form, no one is likely to understand. You must learn to create first and then criticize if you want to make writing the tool for thinking as it is.

　The practice that can help you overcome your learned bad habits of trying to edit as you write is what Elbow calls“free writing”. In free writing, the goal is to get words down on paper non-stop，usually for 15-20 minutes. No stopping, no going back, no criticizing. The aim is to get the words flowing. As the words begin to flow，the ideas will come from the shadows and let themselves be captured on your notepad or your screen.

　Now you have raw materials that you can begin to work with using the critical mind that you’ve persuaded to sit on the side and watch quietly. Most likely，you will believe that this will take more time than you actually have and you will end up staring blankly at the pages as the deadline draws near.

　Instead of staring at a blank start and filling it with words no matter how bad they could be，stop halfway through your available time and rework your raw writing into something closer to the finished product. Move back and forth until you run out of time and the final result will most likely be far better than your current practices.

1. When the author says the creative mind and the critical mind“cannot work in parallel”in the writing process，he means _______.

A. no one can be both creative and critical               

B. they can’t be regarded as equally important

C. they are in constant conflict with each other 

D. one cannot use them at the same time

2. What usually prevents people from writing on is _______.

A. putting their ideas in raw form             B. attempting to edit as they’re writing

C. ignoring grammatical problems            D. trying to capture their fleeting thoughts

3. What is the chief purpose of the first stage of writing？

A. To organize one’s thoughts logically.     B. To choose an appropriate topic.

C. To get one’s ideas down quickly.           D. To collect many more raw materials.

4. In what way does the critical mind help the writer in the writing process？

A. It refines(improves) his writing into a better shape. 

B. It helps him to come up with new ideas.

C. It saves the writing time available to him.

D. It allows him to sit on the side and observe.

Human needs seem endless. When a hungry man gets a meal, he begins to think about an overcoat, when a manager gets a new sports car, a big house and pleasure boats dance into view.

The many needs of mankind might be regarded as making up several levels. When there is money enough to satisfy one level of needs, another level appears.

The first and most basic level of needs involves food. Once this level is satisfied, the second level of needs, clothing and some sort of shelter, appears. By the end of World War Ⅱ, these needs were satisfied for a great majority of Americans. Then a third level appeared. It included such items as automobiles and new houses.

By 1957 or 1958 this third level of needs was fairly well satisfied. Then, in the late 1950s, a fourth level of needs appeared; the “life-enriching” level. While the other levels involve physical satisfaction, that is, the need in comfort, safety, and transportation, this level stresses mental needs for recognition, achievement, and happiness. It includes a variety of goods and services, many of which could be called “luxury” items. Among them are vacation trips, the best medical and dental care, and recreation. Also included here are fancy goods and the latest styles in clothing.

On the fourth level, a lot of money is spent on services, while on the first three levels more is spent on goods. Will consumers raise their sights to a fifth level of needs as their income increases, or will they continue to demand luxuries and personal services on the fourth level?

A fifth level would probably involve needs that can be achieved best by community action. Consumers may be spending more on taxes to pay for government action against disease, ignorance, crime, and prejudice. After filling our stomachs, our clothes closets, our garages, our teeth, and our minds, we now may seek to ensure the health, safety, and leisure to enjoy more fully the good things on the first four levels.

1.According to the passage, man will begin to think about such needs as housing and clothing only when       .

A. he has saved up enough money

B. he has grown dissatified with his simple shelter

C. he has satisfied his hunger

D. he has learned to build houses

2.It can be inferred from the passage that by the end of World War Ⅱ, most Americans          .

A. were very rich       B. lived in poverty

C. had the good things on the first three levels

D. did not own automobiles

3.Which of the following is NOT related to “physical satisfaction” ?

A. A successful career.                 B. A comfortable home.

C. A good meal.                          D. A family car.

4.What is the main concern of man on the fourth level?

A. The more goods the better.

B. The more mental satisfaction the better.

C. The more “luxury” items the better.

D. The more earnings the better.

Many people have never heard of Mesothelioma and are unaware of its symptoms. Although considered a rare form of cancer, each year the number of cases grows. With the prevalence(流行)of this disease on the rise, it is critical to understand why and how Mesothelioma develops and what courses of action can be taken in the event of diagnosis. The following is a list of frequently asked questions and answers that will provide you with some information on Mesothelioma, and the legal issues surrounding it.

What is Mesothelioma?

Mesothelioma is the term used to describe a cancerous tumor found in the mesothelial cells of an organ. The organs where this form of cancer is most commonly found are the lungs, heart and abdominal organs. Pleural Mesothelioma is cancer of the lung lining(组织,膜)and is the most common form of Mesothelioma.

What causes Mesothelioma?

Mesothelioma is almost always caused by exposure to asbestos(石棉). Asbestos is often found in building materials used before the mid 1970's. In addition, materials such as pipes, boiler insulation, floor, ceiling and roof tiles may contain asbestos.

How much asbestos exposure will cause Mesothelioma?

Generally, the probability of developing this form of cancer is in accordance with the length of time you are exposed to asbestos. Also, your health is at risk if your exposure to asbestos is intense. It should be noted that Mesothelioma has a latency(潜伏)period of 20 to 50 years. This means that you may develop the disease long after your exposure to asbestos. On average, people tend to develop Mesothelioma somewhere between 35 and 40 years after exposure.

How quickly does Mesothelioma progress?

The onset of Mesothelioma is quite slow. Patients will begin to experience symptoms such as lower back pain and chest pain. These symptoms may also be accompanied by weight loss, fever and difficulty breathing. Unfortunately, once Mesothelioma develops, it quickly becomes aggressive and treatment must be sought immediately.

Can Mesothelioma be treated?

Doctors are able to use several traditional methods of cancer treatment for Mesothelioma, including surgery, chemotherapy and radiation. Like all forms of cancer, detecting the disease at the earliest stage possible greatly increases the patient's chances for survival. If you have worked in an industry such as construction or suspect that you may have been exposed to asbestos, be alert for symptoms and contact your doctor immediately.

What legal courses of action can be taken?

Anyone suffering from Mesothelioma is entitled to compensation from asbestos manufacturers. Additionally, if you are the spouse or child of someone who has died from Mesothelioma, you are entitled to file a claim and seek compensation.

1.The authors intends to _______.

   A. tell the readers how important it is to know more about Mesothelioma.

   B. provide more information about Mesothelioma

   C. give advice on how tto avoid developing Mesothelioma

   D. tell the readers how terrible Mesothelioma is

2.We can learn from the text that _______.

   A. Asbestos is to blame for Mesothelioma.

   B. Even if a person is exposed to asbestos for a while, he will die soon.

   C. All the employees can ask for compensation from asbestos manufacturers.

   D. Mesothelioma is a cancer familiar to many people.

3.The following are the symptoms of Mesothelioma EXCEPT ______.

   A. frequent headache     B. lower back pain

C. chest pain      D. difficult breathing

4.Which of the following would be the best title for the text?

   A. Terrible Mesothelioma

B. Mesothelioma is around us

   C. Frequently Asked Questions About Mesothelioma

D. Mesothelioma in on the rise

5.If you work in an industry exposed to asbestos, you should ________.

   A. give up the job immediately

B. ask for a rise from your boss

   C. file a claim and seek compensation

D. go to hospital and have your body examined

.

第三部分 阅读理解（共20小题；每小题2分，满分40分）

Most painters discover a style(风格) of painting that suits them and stick to that, especially if people admire their pictures. But Picasso, the great Spanish painter, was like a man who had not yet found his own particular style of painting. He kept on struggling to find the perfect expression till his death in 1973.

Some of Picasso's paintings are rich, soft coloured and beautiful. Others are ugly and cruel and strange. But such paintings allow us to imagine things for ourselves. They force us to say to ourselves, “What does he see that makes him paint like that?” And we begin to look beneath(在…之下) the surface of the things we see.

Picasso painted thousands of pictures in different styles. Sometimes he painted the natural look of things. Sometimes he seemed to break them apart and throw the pieces in our faces. He showed us what the mind knows as well as what the eye sees. At the age of 90 he remained as curious about the world as he had been when he was young. That is why people have called him “the youngest painter in the world”.

56. In the passage the writer wants to tell us _________.

A. about some pictures which have different styles

B. about Picasso's style of painting

C. it is not easy for a painter to find his own style

D. that Picasso had not found his own particular style

57. The ugly, cruel and strange paintings by Picasso _________.

A. make us try to notice something latent(潜在的) in the things

B. allow us to ask questions about them

C. force us to question anything we see

D. cause us to think what Picasso saw was different from what we see

58. The sentence“sometimes he seemed to break them apart and throw the pieces in our faces” means _________.

A. sometimes he tore his pictures into pieces

B. he broke something he was painting and threw them away

C. sometimes he showed some broken pictures to others

D. things in some of his pictures seemed to be in disorder

59. Why have people called Picasso “the youngest painter in the world”?

A. Because he looked young when he was old.

B. Because he observed things with the eye and the mind.

C. Because he never stopped painting even when he was old.

D. Because he never gave up looking for something new.

60. What do you suppose the writer thinks of Picasso's paintings?

A. He doesn't understand some of them.

B. He thinks some of them are valuable, some are not.

C. He admires them, including the ugly ones.

D. He doesn't like some of them, but he admires the painter.

Special Bridges Help Animals Cross the Road

——Reported by Sheila Carrick

    Why did the chicken cross the road? To get to the other side.

    Most people know this joke. But recently, some people have been much more worried about how the grizzly bear and mountain lion can cross the road.

     “Millions of animals die each year on U.S. roads,” the Federal Highway Administration reports. In fact, only about 80 ocelots, an endangered wild cat, exist in the U.S. today. The main reason? Roadkill.

     “Ecopassages” may help animals cross the road without being hit by cars. They are paths both over and under roads. “These ecopassages can be extremely useful, so that wildlife can avoid road accidents,” said Jodi Hilty of the Wildlife Protection Society.

    But do animals actually use the ecopassages? The answer is yes. Paul Beier of Northern Arizona University found foot marks left by mountain lions on an ecopassage that went under a highway. This showed that the lions used the passage.

    Builders of ecopassages try to make them look like a natural part of an area by planting trees on and around them. Animals seem to be catching on. Animals as different as salamanders and grizzly bears are using the bridges and underpasses.

    The next time you visit a park or drive through an area with a lot of wildlife, look around. You might see an animals overpass!

1. The writer uses the example of “ocelots” to show that ______.

  A. wild animals have become more dangerous

  B. the driving conditions have improved greatly

  C. the measure for protecting wildlife fails to work

  D. an increasing number of animals are killed in road accidents

2. From the news story, we know an ecopassage is ______.

  A. an underground path for cars                                  

B. a fence built for the safety of the area

  C. a bridge for animals to get over a river                    

D. a pass for animals to cross the road

3. When the writer says that animals seem “to be catching on”, he means ______.

  A. animals begin to realize the dangers on the road 

B. animals begin to learn to use ecopassages

  C. animals are crossing the road in groups                    

D. animals are increasing in number

4. The writer asks visitors and drivers to look around when traveling because ______.

  A. wild animals may attack cars                                  

B. wild animals may jam the road

  C. they may see wild animals in the park               

D. they may see wild animals on ecopassages