As skies are filled with millions of migrating(迁徙)birds, European scientists say the seasonal wonder appears to be strange: The fatter the bird, the better it flies.

     The results of their study led to a theory opposite to a central one of aerodynamics(空气动力学), which says that the power needed to fly increases with weight.

     For birds, obviously, the cost of flying with heavy fat is much smaller than we used to think. Researchers found that red knot wading birds double their normal body weight of 100 grams before making their twice-a-year nonstop flight between the British Isles and the Russian Arctic. Distance: 5, 000 kilometers.

     Another study in the magazine Nature measured the advantage of flying in an aerodynamic group which allows birds to save energy by flying smoothly and quietly in the lead bird’s air stream.

     Flying in groups, their heart rates were 14.5 percent lower than flying alone, according to Henri, a French scientist. The findings help explain how birds complete difficult migrations. Researchers had thought that thinner, stronger birds would have the best chance  to survive.

       The first study suggests that building up fat to be burnt as fuel during the migration is worth more than the energy it takes to carry the additional weight.

       In the study, researchers said their team studied the birds flown at different body weights during 28 simulated(模拟的)flights. They forced a small amount of special water into the birds’ bodies so that they could measure the amount of energy burnt during the flight.

60.A red knot wading bird of 100 grams will probably weigh_____before making its nonstop migrating flight.

A.50 grams             B.100 grams           C.150 grams             D.200 grams

61.During their migrating flight, red knot wading birds can save energy by flying_______.

A.separately        B.alone            C.in groups               D.in pairs

62.A_______red not wading bird has a better chance to survive during its migrating flight.

 A.stronger       B.weaker         C.thinner                   D.fatter

63.The best title for this passage may probably be________.

A.Birds Thin Down For Journey                B.Birds Fatten Up For Journey

C.How Birds Build Up Fat For Journey       D.How Birds Burn Energy For Journey

Heavy downpours last month in Rhode Island led to widespread flooding, causing millions of dollars in property damage and leaving thousands homeless. The floodwaters also poured vast amounts of raw sewage (污水) into the rivers and streams that flow into Narragansett Bay.

    It sounds like the makings of an environmental nightmare, but in fact it’s just the opposite. To scientists’ delight, the sewage-loaded floodwaters have caused a well-timed growth of phytoplankton, the microscopic creatures that form the foundation of marine food chains. With more food available for fish, clams and other sea creatures, the bay’s fisheries industry is expected to benefit.

    In decades past, Narragansett Bay typically experienced a late winter/early spring algal (海藻) bloom that fed creatures up and down the water column. But in recent years, the waters of Narragansett Bay have warmed greatly, interrupting this seasonal event.

    Mark Berman, an oceanographer with the National Marine Fisheries Service, said the flood seemed to have sent the bay back to its normal state.

     However, local, state and federal officials in Rhode Island have been battling other algal blooms that, by contrast, are causing widespread harm to the Narragansett Bay ecosystem. During summer months, sewage and agricultural runoff flows into the bay, causing large blooms. But instead of becoming food for sea creatures, much of the phytoplankton is consumed by bacteria, which grow fast in the warmer waters. The rapid bacteria growth leads to hypoxia – a decrease of oxygen in the water that can cause large fish kills. One such die-off occurred in 2003, when millions of oxygen-starved fish washed up on the beaches of Narragansett Bay.

The flood’s positive impact will probably be a one-time event, Mr. Berman said. Meanwhile, efforts to curb the harmful summer blooms continue; in 2008, for instance, Providence completed a $359 million sewage tunnel under the city designed to reduce the polluted storm overflow into Narragansett Bay.

Scientists believe that the raw sewage flowing into the bay will _______.

A. pollute the island’s environment                  B. cause lots of property damage

C. increase the fisheries production                   D. destroy the food chains in the bay

The potential benefit of fisheries industry relies on the _______.

A. warm temperatures of the bay         B. growth of phytoplankton

C. large summer alga blooms             D. consumption of oxygen by bacteria

People struggle against the summer blooms because they will ________.

A. pollute the local natural environment     B. increase the production of fishery industry

C. cause large fish kills of the bay indirectly  D. provide too much food for sea creatures

It can be inferred that _______.

A. money spent on the summer blooms has been wasted

B. the government is investing to promote the local fisheries

C. research of oceanology should be encouraged

D. opinions on the raw sewage impact are currently contradictory

The underlined word “curb” in the last paragraph can be defined as “______”.

A. control            B. consume          C. cause           D. cure

As a child,I was truly afraid of the dark and of getting lost;these fears were very real and caused me some uncomfortable moments.

Maybe it was the strange__36  things looked and sounded in my familiar room at night that__37   me so much.There was never total__38   ,but a streetlight or passing car lights__39   clothes hung over a chair take on the__40  of a wild animal.Out of the corner of my__41 ,I saw the curtains seem to move when there was no__42  .A tiny sound in the floor would seem a hundred times louder than in the daylight.My__43  would run wild,and my heart would beat fast.I would__44  very still so that the“enemy”would not discover me.

   Another of my childhood fears was that I would get lost, __45  on the way home from school.Every morning I got on the school bus right near my home—that was no__46  .After school, __47  ,when all the buses were__48   up along the street,I was afraid that I'd get on the wrong one and be taken to some__49   neighbourhood.On school or family trips to a park or a museum,I wouldn't__50   the leaders out of my sight.

Perhaps one of the worst fears__51   all I had as a child was that of not being liked or__52  by others.Being popular was so important to me__53   ，and the fear of not being liked was a__54  one.

   One of the processes(过程) of growing up is being able to __55 and overcome our fears.Understanding the things that frightened us as children helps us achieve greater success later in life.

36. A. way         B. time           C. place         D. reason

37. A. wounded     B. destroyed      C. surprised     D. frightened

38. A. quietness   B. darkness       C. emptiness     D. loneliness

39. A. got         B. forced         C. made          D. caused

40. A. spirit      B. height         C. body          D. shape

41. A. eye         B. window         C. mouth         D. door

42. A. breath      B. wind           C. air           D. sound

43. A. belief      B. feeling        C. imagination   D. doubt

44. A. lay         B. hide           C. rest          D. lie

45. A. especially  B. simply         C. probably      D. directly

46. A. discussion  B. problem        C. joke          D. matter

47. A. though      B. yet            C. although      D. still

48. A. called      B. backed         C. lined         D. packed

49. A. old         B. crowded        C. poor          D. unfamiliar

50. A. leave       B. let            C. order         D. send

51. A. above       B. in             C. of            D. at

52. A. protected   B. guided         C. believed      D. accepted

53. A. then        B. there          C. once          D. anyway

54. A. strict      B. powerful       C. heavy         D. right

55. A. realize     B. remember       C. recognize     D. recover

As my train was delayed for two hours, I had plenty of time to spare. After buying some newspapers to read on the journey, I made my way to the ___1___ office to collect my heavy suitcase I had ___2___ there three days before. There were only a few people ___3___, and I took out my wallet to find the receipt for my case. The receipt didn’t seem to be where I had left it. I ___4___ the contents, and railway tickets, money scraps of paper and photos fell out of it; but no matter how ___5___ I searched, the receipt was nowhere to be found.

When my turn came, I ___6___ the situation sorrowfully to the assistant. The man looked at me ___7___ as if to say that he had ___8___ this kind of story many times and asked me to ___9___ the case. I told him that it was an old, brown looking ___10___ no different from the many cases I could see on the shelves. The assistant then gave me ___11___ and told me to ___12___ of the chief contents of the case. If they were ___13___, he said, I could take the case away. I tried to ___14___ all the articles I had ___15___ packed into the case and wrote them down as they came to me.

After I had done this, I went to ___16___ among the shelves. There were hundreds of cases there. For one dreadful moment, it ___17___ to me that if someone had ___18___ the receipt up he could have easily claimed(认领) the case already. This hadn’t happened ___19___, for after a time I found the case lying in a corner. After examining the articles inside, the assistant was ___20___ and told me I could take the case away.

1. A. posting   B. working     C. luggage      D. manager’s

2. A. left B. forgotten    C. found  D. bought

3. A. standing B. crowding    C. talking       D. waiting

4. A threw      B. put     C. looked       D. emptied

5. A. often      B. much  C. hard    D. soon

6. A. said B. searched     C. spoke  D. explained

7. A. now and then B. up and down      C. here and there    D. back and forth

8. A. knew      B. realized      C. heard  D. seen

9. A. describe  B. draw   C. take out      D. show

10. A. object   B. matter C. subject       D. wallet

11. A. a paper B. a note C. a message   D. a form

12. A. sign names   B. make a list  C. write down D. draw a picture

13. A. everything   B. wrong C. correct       D. ready

14. A. draw    B. remember   C. read    D. remind

15. A. carelessly     B. suddenly    C. hurriedly    D. immediately

16. A. see       B. watch  C. find    D. look

17. A. happened     B. occurred     C. appeared    D. seemed

18. A. picked  B. collected    C. taken  D. stolen

19. A. fortunately   B. unluckily    C. by chance   D. presently

20. A. disappointed B. surprised    C. satisfied     D. worried

  As skies are filled with millions of migrating(迁徙) birds, European scientists say the seasonal wonder appears to be strange: The fatter the bird, tile better it flies.

    The results of their study led to a theory opposite to a central one of aerodynamics (空气动力学), which says that the power needed to fly increases with weight.

    For birds, obviously, the cost of flying with heavy fat is much smaller than we used to think. Researchers found that red knot wading birds double their normal body weight of 100 grams before making their twice-a-year nonstop flight between the British Isles and the Russian Arctic. Distance: 5,000 kilometers.

    Another study in the magazine Nature measured the advantage of flying in an aerodynamic group which allows birds to save energy by flying smoothly and quietly in the lead bird' s air stream.

    Flying in groups, their heart rates were 14.5 percent lower than flying alone, according to Henri, a French scientist. The findings help explain how birds complete difficult migrations. Researchers had thought that thinner, stronger birds would have the best chance to survive.

    The first study suggests that building up fat to be burnt as fuel during the migration is worth more than the energy it takes to carry the additional weight.

    In the study, researchers said their team studied the birds flown at different body weights during 28 simulated(模拟的) flights. They forced a small amount of special water into the birds' bodies so that they could measure the amount of energy burnt during the flight.

60. A red knot wading bird of 100 grams will probably weigh ________ before making its nonstop migrating flight.

  A. 50 grams    B. 100 grams       C. 150 grams       D. 200 grams

61. During their migrating flight, red knot wading birds can save energy by flying

  A. separately   B. alone           C. in groups        D. in pairs

62. A ________ red knot wading bird has a better chance to survive during its migrating flight.

  A. stronger     B. weaker         C. thinner          D. fatter

63. The best title for this passage may probably be ________.

Birds Thin Down For Journey

Birds Fatten Up For Journey

How Birds Build Up Fat For Journey

How Birds Burn Energy For Journey