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From bankers to factory staff, employees in the West face the bleak prospect of losing their jobs as a global recession starts to bite. For colleagues in the East, the pain is more likely to come through a pay cut.
Human resource experts say cultural differences explain why Asian firms try harder to preserve jobs in difficult times, which will stem unemployment and may help keep Asian economies afloat at a time of slowing exports.
The East Asian attitude may also make it easier for firms to recover quickly from the economic downturn since they will not need to rehire or train new staff, leaving some experts predicting a Western shift to Eastern flexibility.
"In the Confucian mindset, the right thing to do is to share the burden. There's that sense of collective responsibility whereas in the West, it's more about individual survival," said Michael Benoliel, associate professor of organizational behavior at Singapore Management University (SMU).
Steven Pang, Asia regional director for Aquent, a headhunting firm, said in many East Asian companies there was an obligation "to take care of members of the family and go through the pain together" even if that meant incurring losses.
In contrast, Western counterparts often felt compelled to make dramatic statements to show investors they were serious about cost-cutting, Pang said.
US firms from General Motors to Goldman Sachs plan to lay off workers by the thousands, but at the Asian units of Western multinationals, job cuts will probably be less severe.
Japan's jobless rate was 4 percent in September, up from 3.8 percent in January, while Hong Kong's was flat at 3.4 percent. But US unemployment is expected to have jumped to 6.3 percent last month from below 5 percent in January.
Experts say that while there are noticeable differences in labor practices in East and West, the gap will narrow as more firms become more multinational and competition forces firms to adopt the best practices of rivals from abroad.
81. What caused the different practices of Asian and Western firms facing the global recession?
82. Why is it easier for the East Asian firms to recover quickly from the economic downturn?
83. Firms in the west would lay off workers when facing a bleak prospect because of_________.
84. _______will make the differences in East and West less noticeable.
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阅读理解
Steven Spielberg may be one of the most successful filmmakers in Hollywood history, but for the last three decades he has missed one thing-a college degree. That was realized in the end at the end of May, 2002.
The 55-year-old director of “E. T. the Extra-Terrestrial” and “Saving Private Ryan” was admitted at California State University, Long Beach, in 1965 but dropped out three years later to pursue his filmmaking career.
After admitted again nearly a year ago, he has caught up on his credits and attended commencement ceremony in cap and gown(毕业典礼). “Completing the requirements for my degree 33 years after finishing my principal education marks my longest past production schedule, ” (后期制作) Spielberg joked in a written statement.
Although he didn't attend general classes, the director wrote papers, worked on independent projects and consulted with professor to receive his bachelor's degree in film and electronic arts, according to his spokesman, Marvin Levy.
“I wanted to accomplish this for many years as a ‘thank you’ to my parents for giving me the opportunity for an education and a career, and as a personal note for my own family—and young people everywhere—about the importance of achieving their college education goals, ” Spielberg said. “But I hope they get there quicker than I did, ”he added.
After leaving school, Spielberg worked in television through the early 1970x. He made his film “The Sugarland Express” in 1974 and followed the next year with the great success “Jaws”.
He already has five honorary doctorates (荣誉博士)—the latest bestowed upon him by Yale University late of May, 2002—but what he really wanted was this humble bachelor's degree. Spielberg carried his scroll of honor as proudly as any of his graduate fellows. He posed for pictures with his fellow honorees on the campus lawn and smiled broadly as he was showered with confetti(彩色纸屑).
1．Spielberg got his college degree ________.
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2．Spielberg left school because he ________.
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A．couldn't go on learning
B．was so interested in filmmaking
C．was busy working in television
D．didn't like his major very much
3．From the passage we can conclude that Spielberg considers ________ very important.
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4．Which of the following films brought him public notice?
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