In the Caucasus region of the Soviet Union, nearly 50 out of every 100,000 people live to celebrate their 100^th birthday, and many don’t stop at 100! By comparison, in America only 3 people in 100,000 reach 100. But these Soviet old people aren’t alone. The Pakistani Hunzas, who live high in the Himalaya Mountains, and the Vilacbambans of the Andes Mountains in Ecuador seem to share the secret of long too.
These peoples remain healthy in body and spirit despite the passage of time. While many older persons in industrial societies become weak and ill in their 60s and 70s, some Soviet Georgians, aged 110 to 140, work in the fields beside their great- great- grandchildren. Even the idea of aging is foreign to them. When asked, “At what age does youth end?”, most of these old people has no answer. Several replied, “Well, perhaps at age 80.” The very youngest estimate was age 60.
What accounts for this ability to survive to such old age, and to survive so well? First of all, hard physical work is a way of life for all of these long-lived peoples. They begin their long days of physical labor as children and never seem to stop. For example, Mr. Rustam Mamedov is 142 years of age. He remember his life experiences: the Grimean War of 1854; the Turkish War of 1878; the Bolshevik Revolution in 1917. His wife is 116 years old. They have been married for 90 years. Mr. Mamedov has no intentions of retiring from his life as a farmer. “Why? What else would I do?” he asks. Oh, he has slowed down a bit. Now he might quit for the day after 6 hours in the field instead of 10.
All these people get healthful rewards from the environment in which they work. They all come from mountainous regions. They live and work at elevations of 5,000 to 12,000 feet (1,660 to 4,000 meters) above sea level. The air has less oxygen and is pollutionfree. This reduced-oxygen environment makes the heart and blood vessel system stronger.
Another factor that may contribute to the good health of these people is their isolation. To a great extent, they are separated from the pressures and worried of industrial society.
Inherited factors also play some role. Most of the longest-lived people had parents and grandparents who also reached very old ages. Good family genes may, therefore, be one factor in living longer.
Finally, although these three groups don’t eat exactly the same foods, their diets are similar. The Hunzas, Vilacbambans, and Soviets eat little animal meat. Their diets are full of fresh fruits, vegetables, nuts, grains, cheese, and milk. They never eat more food than their bodies need.
It is clear that isolation from urban pressures and pollution, clean mountain air, daily hard work, moderate diets, good genes, and a youthful approach to life all contribute to the health and remarkable long life of all these people.
【小题1】 What kinds of things contribute to the remarkable long life of these peoples?

In the Caucasus region of the Soviet Union, nearly 50 out of every 100,000 people live to celebrate their 100^th birthday, and many don’t stop at 100! By comparison, in America only 3 people in 100,000 reach 100. But these Soviet old people aren’t alone. The Pakistani Hunzas, who live high in the Himalaya Mountains, and the Vilacbambans of the Andes Mountains in Ecuador seem to share the secret of long too.

These peoples remain healthy in body and spirit despite the passage of time. While many older persons in industrial societies become weak and ill in their 60s and 70s, some Soviet Georgians, aged 110 to 140, work in the fields beside their great- great- grandchildren. Even the idea of aging is foreign to them. When asked, “At what age does youth end?”, most of these old people has no answer. Several replied, “Well, perhaps at age 80.” The very youngest estimate was age 60.

What accounts for this ability to survive to such old age, and to survive so well? First of all, hard physical work is a way of life for all of these long-lived peoples. They begin their long days of physical labor as children and never seem to stop. For example, Mr. Rustam Mamedov is 142 years of age. He remember his life experiences: the Grimean War of 1854; the Turkish War of 1878; the Bolshevik Revolution in 1917. His wife is 116 years old. They have been married for 90 years. Mr. Mamedov has no intentions of retiring from his life as a farmer. “Why? What else would I do?” he asks. Oh, he has slowed down a bit. Now he might quit for the day after 6 hours in the field instead of 10.

All these people get healthful rewards from the environment in which they work. They all come from mountainous regions. They live and work at elevations of 5,000 to 12,000 feet (1,660 to 4,000 meters) above sea level. The air has less oxygen and is pollutionfree. This reduced-oxygen environment makes the heart and blood vessel system stronger.

Another factor that may contribute to the good health of these people is their isolation. To a great extent, they are separated from the pressures and worried of industrial society.

Inherited factors also play some role. Most of the longest-lived people had parents and grandparents who also reached very old ages. Good family genes may, therefore, be one factor in living longer.

Finally, although these three groups don’t eat exactly the same foods, their diets are similar. The Hunzas, Vilacbambans, and Soviets eat little animal meat. Their diets are full of fresh fruits, vegetables, nuts, grains, cheese, and milk. They never eat more food than their bodies need.

It is clear that isolation from urban pressures and pollution, clean mountain air, daily hard work, moderate diets, good genes, and a youthful approach to life all contribute to the health and remarkable long life of all these people.

1. What kinds of things contribute to the remarkable long life of these peoples?

A. Moderate diets                    B. Clean mountain air.

C. Daily hard work.                  D. All the above factors（因素）.

2. How do you think the author feels about these long-lived people?

A. He is impressed with them          B. He doesn’t care.

C. He doesn’t like them.             D. He admires them.

3.According to the passage, the phrase “the passage of time” means         .

A. have time to do what they want     B. being on time

C. time going by                      D. limited time

4.In the passage, why does the author describe Mr. Mamedov?

A. An example of a typical long life among these people.

B. An example of an unusual long life among these people.

C. An explanation of why he is still healthy.

D. An example of why his wife died early than him.

5.What is the main subject of this article?

A. Mr. Mamedov’s life.

B. A description of several societies where people live a long time.

C. Suggestions for how you can live long life.

D. People are healthy in mountainous regions.

       In the Caucasus region of Russia, nearly 50 out of every 100,000 people live to celebrate their 100^th birthday, and many don’t stop at 100! By comparison, in America only 3 people in 100, 000 reach 100．But these Russian old people aren’t alone．The Pakistanis, who live high in the Himalaya Mountains, and the Ecuadorians of the Andes Mountains seem to share the secret of long life, too．

       These people remain healthy in body and spirit despite the passage of time．While many older persons in industrial societies become weak and ill in their 60s and 70s, some Caucasians aged 100 to 140,work in the fields beside their great-great-grandchildren．Even the idea of aging is foreign to them．When asked “at what age does youth end?” most of these old people had no answer．Several replied, “Well, perhaps at age 80．”

       What accounts for this ability to survive to such old age, and to survive so well? First of all, hard physical work is a way of life for all of these long-lived people．They begin their long days of physical labor as children and never seem to stop．For example, Mr．Rust is Macedon is 142 years of age．His wife is 116 years old．They have been married for 90 years．Mr．Macedon has no intention of retiring from his life as a farmer．“Why? What else would I do?” he asks．

       All these people get healthful rewards from the environment in which they work．They all come from mountainous regions．They live and work at elevations of 1,660 to 1,000 meters above sea level．The air has less oxygen and is pollution-free．This reduced-oxygen environment makes the heart and blood vessel system stronger．

       Another factor that may contribute to the good health of these people is their isolation．To a great extent．They are separated from the pressures and worries of industrial society．

       Inherited（ 遗传的 ） factors also play some role．Most of the longest-lived people had parents and grandparents who also reached very old ages．Good family genes may, therefore, be one factor in living longer．

       It is clear that isolation from urban pressures and pollution, clean mountain air, daily hard word, moderate diets, good genes, and a youthful approach to life all contribute to the health and long life of all these people．

1．In the Caucasus region of Russian, how many people can reach the age of 100 in 10,000?

       A．5                    B．3                  C．50                D．10,000

2．The example of Mr. and Mrs. Macedon implies that ___________．

       A．some Caucasians aged 100 to 140 become weak．

       B．some Caucasians aged 100 to 140 are too old to work in the fields．

       C．physical work contributes a lot to their long life．

       D．some Caucasians aged 100 to 140 are still working in the fields besides their great- great-grandchildren．

3．What is the main way of life for all of these long-lived people?

       A．Retiring from their lives as farmers        B．Having been married for 90 years

       C．Hard physical work                              D．No intentions

4．At elevations of 1,220 to 1,000 meters above sea level, the air ______

       A．has less oxygen                                   B．is pollution

       C．is pollution-free                             D．both A and C

5．The following factors except _____contribute to the health and long life of all these people．

       A．clean mountain air                          B．daily hard work

       C．stress and pressure                        D．good genes

In the Caucasus region of Russia, nearly 50 out of every 100,000 people live to celebrate their 100th birthday, and many don’t stop at 100! By comparison, in America only 3 people in 100, 000 reach 100．But these Russian old people aren’t alone．The Pakistanis, who live high in the Himalaya Mountains, and the Ecuadorians of the Andes Mountains seem to share the secret of long life, too．

These people remain healthy in body and spirit despite the passage of time．While many older persons in industrial societies become weak and ill in their 60s and 70s, some Caucasians aged 100 to 140,  work in the fields beside their great-great-grandchildren．Even the idea of aging is foreign to them．When asked “at what age does youth end?” most of these old people had no answer．Several replied, “Well, perhaps at age 80.”

What accounts for this ability to survive to such old age, and to survive so well? First of all, hard physical work is a way of life for all of these long-lived people．They begin their long days of physical labor as children and never seem to stop．For example, Mr. Rustam Mamedoy is 142 years of age．His wife is 116 years old．They have been married for 90 years．Mr. Mamedoy has no intention of retiring from his life as a farmer．“Why? What else would I do?” he asks．

All these people get healthful rewards from the environment in which they work．They all come from mountainous regions．They live and work at elevations of 1,660 to 1,000 meters above sea level．The air has less oxygen and is pollution-free．This reduced-oxygen environment makes the heart and blood vessel system stronger．

Another factor that may contribute to the good health of these people is their isolation．To a great extent．They are separated from the pressures and worries of industrial society．

Inherited factors also play some role．Most of the longest-lived people had parents and grandparents who also reached very old ages．Good family genes may, therefore, be one factor in living longer．

It is clear that isolation from urban pressures and pollution, clean mountain air, daily hard word, moderate diets, good genes, and a youthful approach to life all contribute to the health and long life of all these people．

1．In the Caucasus region of Russian, how many people can reach the age of 100 in 10,000?

       A．5                    B．3                 C．50                D．10,000

2．The example of Mr. and Mrs. Mamedoy implies that ___________．

       A．some Caucasians aged 100 to 140 become weak．

       B．some Caucasians aged 100 to 140 are too old to work in the fields．

       C．physical work contributes a lot to their long life．

       D．some Caucasians aged 100 to 140 are still working in the fields besides their great- great

       -grandchildren．

3．What is the main way of life for all of these long-lived people?

       A．Retiring from their lives as farmers     B．Having been married for 90 years

       C．Hard physical work                            D．No intentions

4．At elevations of 1,220 to 1,000 meters above sea level, the air ______

       A．has less oxygen    B．is pollution  C．is pollution-free  D．both A and C

5．The following factors except _________ contribute to the health and long life of all these people．

       A．clean mountain air                          B．daily hard work

       C．stress and pressure                        D．good genes

In the Caucasus region of Russia, nearly 50 out of every 100,000 people live to celebrate their 100th birthday, and many don’t stop at 100! By comparison, in America only 3 people in 100, 000 reach 100. But these Russian old people aren’t alone. The Pakistanis, who live high in the Himalaya Mountains, and the Ecuadorans of the Andes Mountains seem to share the secret of long life, too.

These people remain healthy in body and spirit despite the passage of time. While many older people in industrial societies become weak and ill in their 60s and 70s, some Caucasians aged 100 to 140, work in the fields beside their great-great-grandchildren. Even the idea of aging is foreign to them. When asked “at what age does youth end?” most of these old people had no answer. Several replied, “Well, perhaps at the age of 80.”

What accounts for this ability to survive to such old age, and to survive so well? First of all, hard physical work is a way of life for all of these long-lived people. They begin their long days of physical labor as children and never seem to stop. For example, Mr. Rustam Mamedov is 142 years of age. His wife is 116 years old. They have been married for 90 years. Mr. Mamedov has no intention of retiring from his life as a farmer. “Why? What else would I do?” he asks.

All these people get healthful rewards from the environment in which they work. They all come from mountainous regions. They live and work at an altitude of 1,000 to 1,660 meters above sea level. The air has less oxygen and is pollution-free. This reduced-oxygen environment makes the heart and blood circulation system stronger.

Another factor that may contribute to the good health of these people is their isolation. To a certain degree, they are separated from the pressures and worries of industrial society.

Inherited factors also play some role. Most of the longest-lived people had parents and grandparents who also reached very old ages. Good family genes may, therefore, be one factor in living longer.

It is clear that isolation from urban pressures and pollution, clean mountain air, daily hard word, moderate diets, good genes, and a youthful approach to life all contribute to the health and long life of all these people.

1. The function of the last paragraph is to _______ the whole text.

A. assess          B. comment        　 C. develop     　　 D. summarize  

2. The example of Mr and Mrs Mamedov suggests that ___________.

A. some Caucasians aged 100 to 140 are too old to work in the fields.

B. physical work contributes a lot to their long life．

C. some Caucasians aged 100 to 140 become weak.

D. some Caucasians aged 100 to 140 are still working in the fields besides their great- great-grandchildren.

3. The underlined word “isolation” most probably means ______ .

A. being lonely but healthy               　 B. being far away from other people

C. being associated with the society       D. being deserted by the society

4. The following factors except _____ contribute to the health and long life of all these people．

A. clean mountain air   B. daily hard work 　 C. stress and pressure    D. good genes